Architecture and Cellular Composition of the Spleen in the Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma El-Zahraa A. Mustafa ◽  
Sara M.M. El-Desoky
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Red Pulp

AbstractThe spleen is considered a key player in birds’ immunity. The stroma and the parenchyma of the spleen of the adult quail were demonstrated histologically, histochemically, and ultrastructurally. A thin capsule and the absence of trabeculae were the most characteristics of spleen stroma. The demarcation between white pulp and red pulp was not observed in the quail. White pulp formed from the periarterial lymphatic sheath and the periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath, both of which were surrounded by arteriole and ellipsoid, respectively. Ellipsoids appeared more numerous and were characterized by cuboidal lining of the epithelium and supporting cells. Red pulp consisted of sinuses and cords. White pulp and red pulp of the quail spleen contained various cells, such as red blood cells, macrophages, heterophils with characteristic granules, lymphocytes of different sizes, dendritic cells, plasma cells, and telocytes. In addition, closed circulation and open circulation established the blood flow on the spleen.

scholarly journals Studies on Regeneration of Heterotopic Splenic Autotransplants

Blood ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Tavassoli ◽  
R. Judith Ratzan ◽  
William H. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Red Pulp

Abstract Fragments of spleen autotransplanted to subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen in the rat undergo almost complete necrosis and then regenerate into splenic tissue with a microscopic structure indistinguishable from the structure of the original organ. The regenerative process reminiscent of the spleen’s embryogenesis, originates from a shell of surviving splenic tissue at the surface of the implant. The regenerative zone first consists of almost monotonous connective tissue cells interspersed with red blood cells; it develops into splenic red pulp consisting of sinuses and intersinal cords. As capillaries develop, the structure of small arteries and peri-arterial lymphatic sheaths appear, and soon the structure of splenic white pulp becomes evident. Some 5 wk after autotransplantation, the splenic reconstruction is complete. The weight of the recovered tissue is a linear function of the weight of the implanted tissue; yet the linearity is lost when the weight of the implanted tissue exceeds 100 mg.

scholarly journals Migration patterns of dendritic cells in the mouse. Homing to T cell-dependent areas of spleen, and binding within marginal zone.

1988 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Austyn ◽  
J W Kupiec-Weglinski ◽  
D F Hankins ◽  
P J Morris
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
High Endothelial Venules ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Interdigitating Cells ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Red Pulp

Using quantitative techniques we have shown elsewhere that dendritic cells (DC) migrate from blood into the spleen, under the control of T cells. Here we traced the localization of DC within the spleen and sought to explain the means by which they entered. DC were labeled with a fluorochrome, Hoescht 33342, and injected intravenously. Spleens were removed 3 or 24 h later and DC were visualized within particular areas that were defined by mAbs and FITC anti-Igs. At 3 h most DC were in the red pulp, whereas by 24 h the majority had homed to T-dependent areas of the white pulp and may have become interdigitating cells. Lymphoid DC, isolated from spleen and perhaps normally present in blood, may thus be a migratory stage distinct from the relatively fixed interdigitating cells. We also developed a frozen section assay to investigate the interaction of DC with various lymphoid elements. When DC were incubated on sections of spleen, at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C they attached specifically within the marginal zone and did not bind to T areas; in contrast, macrophages attached only to red pulp and T cells did not bind specifically. However, DC did not bind to sections of mesenteric lymph node, whereas T cells localized in particular regions at 4 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C, probably the high endothelial venules. DC may thus express "homing receptors," similar to those of T cells, for certain endothelia. We propose that T cells can modify the vascular endothelium in certain areas to allow egress of DC from the bloodstream.

scholarly journals Radioautographic Study of Cellular Migration Using Parabiotic Rats

Blood ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth W. Tyler ◽  
N. B. Everett
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Direct Transformation ◽  
Circulating Cells ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Red Pulp

Abstract Leukocyte exchange between the hemopoietic tissues of parabiotic rats was studied subsequent to giving multiple injections of 3H-thymidine to one member of each pair while arresting the cross-circulation. Cell types that migrated from one parabiont to the other were segmented granulocytes, small, medium and large lymphocytes, immunoblasts, monocytoid cells, macrophages or their immediate precursors, and plasma cells. Evidence for the transformation of circulating cells to other cell types was rarely seen. The long-lived small lymphocytes were equilibrated between parabionts, suggesting that this is a single pool of cells with respect to kinetic behavior and recirculation. There was no evidence for a trephocytic function of lymphocytes. A small number of bone marrow lymphocytes coursed directly to lymph nodes and spleen. Evidence is given for a limited recirculation of short-lived lymphocytes of thoracic duct lymph (TDL), as well as for long-lived cells. Only a few immunoblasts of TDL recirculated. The majority of cells that entered the white pulp of the spleen were long-lived small lymphocytes, while the majority of immigrant cells to the red pulp were monocytoid cells and granulocytes. Many small lymphocytes originated in splenic red pulp and entered the blood. No immigrant cells to the thymic cortex were noted, although some small lymphocytes and monocytoid cells entered the medullary areas. Immigrant cells to the bone marrow (less than 2% of the cells in marrow) included monocytoid cells, small lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Evidence for the direct transformation of a circulating cell into a committed blast, based on reduction in grain count, was noted only in bone marrow.

scholarly journals Massive Destruction of Malaria-Parasitized Red Blood Cells despite Spleen Closure

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 6390-6398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Krücken ◽  
Liv I. Mehnert ◽  
Mohamed A. Dkhil ◽  
Manal El-Khadragy ◽  
W. Peter M. Benten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Red Pulp

ABSTRACT It is currently accepted that malaria-parasitized red blood cells (pRBC) are eliminated, like senescent erythrocytes, phagocytically by macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen. Here, however, we show that self-healing Plasmodium chabaudi malaria activates spleen closure in C57BL/6 mice. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that spleen closing was manifested by elimination of entry into the red pulp of 3-μm polystyrol particles, pRBC, and nonparasitized red blood cells but not of bovine serum albumin. This spleen closure did not reflect a reduction in the number of phagocytic cells, as shown by flow cytometry, whereas marginal zone macrophages (MZM) were lost and red pulp macrophages entered the white pulp. Splenic trapping of pBRC was strongly reduced in the absence of MZM and marginal metallophilic macrophages (MMM), as it is in noninfected mice with a disrupted lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR−/−), and it was still significantly reduced when the number of MZM and MMM was diminished, as in tumor necrosis factor alpha-deficient (TNF-α−/−) mice. Moreover, mice deficient in TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFRI−/−), and LTβR exhibited progressive impairment in malaria-induced spleen closing. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with TNF-α induced loss of MZM and spleen closing by about 20%. Our data indicate that TNF/TNFRI signaling is involved in regulating malaria-induced spleen closure, which is maximal during crisis, when parasitemia declines more than 100-fold. Consequently, the vast majority of pRBC cannot be destroyed by the spleen during crisis, suggesting that the known sophisticated sequestration system of Plasmodium parasites did not evolve to avoid splenic clearance.

scholarly journals Anatomical and histological changes in the spleen of post hatching indigenous chicken in Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Rabab Adnan Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Lymphatic Organ ◽  
Lymphatic Follicle ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Red Pulp

     The structure of the indigenous chickens spleen during the post-hatching period was determined by gross and light microscopical examination by using Hematoxylin and eosin and Massons Trichrome staining techniques. At one day old chicks the spleen was rounded in shape, pink in color. At two weeks old chicks the spleen was triangular in shape. At the progress of the aged the color of spleen became red-brown. In all ages the spleen consisted of white pulp and red pulp which were fused together. The spleen was encapsulated by thin connective tissue capsule contain few smooth muscles, the trabiculi were rare and thin. The red pulp consisted of venous sinuses surrounded by lymphatic cords. The white pulp consisted of peri-artery lymphoid sheath, peri-venous lymphoid sheath, peri ellipsoid lymphoid sheath, and Lymphatic follicles. The appearance of these elements was age dependant. At the first week of age the peri-artery lymphoid sheath and peri-venous lymphoid sheath were developed. At the third week, the peri ellipsoid lymphoid sheath, Lymphatic follicles were noticed and the plasma cells were scattered in the white pulp in addition to the lymphocytes. At one month of age, the germinal center appeared in some lymphatic follicle. The present study revealed that the spleen was well developed lymphatic organ at the age of three weeks.

scholarly journals Immunohistological localization of alpha 1-microglobulin in normal rat tissues.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bouic ◽  
C Vincent ◽  
J P Revillard
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Secretory Component ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining

The tissue distribution of rat alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-m) was studied by indirect immunofluorescence in various rat tissues using a polyvalent rabbit antiserum to the purified antigen and a monoclonal antibody (H23) to the human homologue, in parallel with a polyclonal anti-rat IgA antiserum. It was found that all tissues stained by anti-IgA were also alpha 1-m positive; these tissues included tissues of the stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, pancreas, trachea, esophagus and jejunum. However, the observation that IgA plasma cells as well as secretory cells, while positively stained by anti-IgA, are alpha 1-m negative suggests that the association between IgA and alpha 1-m occurs at a postsecretory stage, after the IgA molecules have been transported across the epithelial cells. Additionally, hepatocytes were intensely stained by anti-alpha 1-m antibodies, indicating that the liver, as already suggested by metabolic studies on isolated guinea-pig liver explants, may be responsible for the synthesis of this protein. Among lymphoid tissues, an intense and homogeneous staining was observed in the thymus and the white pulp of the spleen. Sections of lymph nodes, however, showed differential staining; apart from a few isolated dendritic cells in the mantle region of the lymphoid follicles, the germinal centers and medullary cords showed no staining with anti-alpha 1-m antibodies. The paracortical cells, macrophages in the subcapsular sinus, and interfollicular lymphocytes showed intense cytoplasmic staining with anti-alpha 1-m antibodies. In other tissues, macrophages, monocytes, tissue histiocytes, and dendritic cells were alpha 1-m positive. Although they confirm the presence of alpha 1-m in the lymphoid tissues, as already reported in man, these results show that the protein is also present in hepatocytes and in exocrine fluids containing IgA. Since alpha 1-m, like secretory component, can bind to IgA to form stable complexes, these two heavily glycosylated proteins may have similar biologic properties.

scholarly journals Anti-Leishmania infantum Antibody-Producing Plasma Cells in the Spleen in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1635
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. M. Fontes ◽  
Bianca R. Mesquita ◽  
Reginaldo Brito ◽  
Juliana C. S. Gomes ◽  
Caroline V. B. de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Membrane Antigens ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Red Pulp

The spleen is involved in visceral leishmaniasis immunopathogenesis, and presents alterations in white-pulp microenvironments that are associated with an increased susceptibility to coinfections and patient death. Plasmacytosis in splenic red pulp (RP) is one observed alteration, but the specificity of antibody-secreting cells and the distribution of them has not yet been evaluated. We biotinylated soluble L. infantum membrane antigens (bSLMA) used as probes in modified immunohistochemistry, and detected the presence of anti-L. infantum antibody-secreting cells. Were used spleens from eight dogs from the endemic area for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL), and three healthier controls. The spleen sections were cryopreserved, and we performed modified immunohistochemistry. The ratio of plasma cells which were reactive to bSLMA (Anti-Leish-PC) in the spleen RP and periarteriolar lymphatic sheath (PALS) were calculated. Dogs with CanL present hyperglobulinemia and more plasma cells in their RP than the controls. Furthermore, dogs with CanL presented a lower proportion of Anti-Leish-PC in their RP than in PALS. Likewise, dysproteinemia was related to RP and PALS plasmacytosis, and a more severe clinical profile.

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