scholarly journals Anti-Leishmania infantum Antibody-Producing Plasma Cells in the Spleen in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1635
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. M. Fontes ◽  
Bianca R. Mesquita ◽  
Reginaldo Brito ◽  
Juliana C. S. Gomes ◽  
Caroline V. B. de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Membrane Antigens ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Red Pulp

The spleen is involved in visceral leishmaniasis immunopathogenesis, and presents alterations in white-pulp microenvironments that are associated with an increased susceptibility to coinfections and patient death. Plasmacytosis in splenic red pulp (RP) is one observed alteration, but the specificity of antibody-secreting cells and the distribution of them has not yet been evaluated. We biotinylated soluble L. infantum membrane antigens (bSLMA) used as probes in modified immunohistochemistry, and detected the presence of anti-L. infantum antibody-secreting cells. Were used spleens from eight dogs from the endemic area for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL), and three healthier controls. The spleen sections were cryopreserved, and we performed modified immunohistochemistry. The ratio of plasma cells which were reactive to bSLMA (Anti-Leish-PC) in the spleen RP and periarteriolar lymphatic sheath (PALS) were calculated. Dogs with CanL present hyperglobulinemia and more plasma cells in their RP than the controls. Furthermore, dogs with CanL presented a lower proportion of Anti-Leish-PC in their RP than in PALS. Likewise, dysproteinemia was related to RP and PALS plasmacytosis, and a more severe clinical profile.

scholarly journals Radioautographic Study of Cellular Migration Using Parabiotic Rats

Blood ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth W. Tyler ◽  
N. B. Everett
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Direct Transformation ◽  
Circulating Cells ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Red Pulp

Abstract Leukocyte exchange between the hemopoietic tissues of parabiotic rats was studied subsequent to giving multiple injections of 3H-thymidine to one member of each pair while arresting the cross-circulation. Cell types that migrated from one parabiont to the other were segmented granulocytes, small, medium and large lymphocytes, immunoblasts, monocytoid cells, macrophages or their immediate precursors, and plasma cells. Evidence for the transformation of circulating cells to other cell types was rarely seen. The long-lived small lymphocytes were equilibrated between parabionts, suggesting that this is a single pool of cells with respect to kinetic behavior and recirculation. There was no evidence for a trephocytic function of lymphocytes. A small number of bone marrow lymphocytes coursed directly to lymph nodes and spleen. Evidence is given for a limited recirculation of short-lived lymphocytes of thoracic duct lymph (TDL), as well as for long-lived cells. Only a few immunoblasts of TDL recirculated. The majority of cells that entered the white pulp of the spleen were long-lived small lymphocytes, while the majority of immigrant cells to the red pulp were monocytoid cells and granulocytes. Many small lymphocytes originated in splenic red pulp and entered the blood. No immigrant cells to the thymic cortex were noted, although some small lymphocytes and monocytoid cells entered the medullary areas. Immigrant cells to the bone marrow (less than 2% of the cells in marrow) included monocytoid cells, small lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Evidence for the direct transformation of a circulating cell into a committed blast, based on reduction in grain count, was noted only in bone marrow.

Architecture and Cellular Composition of the Spleen in the Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma El-Zahraa A. Mustafa ◽  
Sara M.M. El-Desoky
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Red Pulp

AbstractThe spleen is considered a key player in birds’ immunity. The stroma and the parenchyma of the spleen of the adult quail were demonstrated histologically, histochemically, and ultrastructurally. A thin capsule and the absence of trabeculae were the most characteristics of spleen stroma. The demarcation between white pulp and red pulp was not observed in the quail. White pulp formed from the periarterial lymphatic sheath and the periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath, both of which were surrounded by arteriole and ellipsoid, respectively. Ellipsoids appeared more numerous and were characterized by cuboidal lining of the epithelium and supporting cells. Red pulp consisted of sinuses and cords. White pulp and red pulp of the quail spleen contained various cells, such as red blood cells, macrophages, heterophils with characteristic granules, lymphocytes of different sizes, dendritic cells, plasma cells, and telocytes. In addition, closed circulation and open circulation established the blood flow on the spleen.

scholarly journals A Coordinated Change in Chemokine Responsiveness Guides Plasma Cell Movements

2001 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. Hargreaves ◽  
Paul L. Hyman ◽  
Theresa T. Lu ◽  
Vu N. Ngo ◽  
Afshin Bidgol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
B Cell Precursors ◽  
Secondary Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Medullary Cords ◽  
Red Pulp

Antibody-secreting plasma cells are nonrecirculatory and lodge in splenic red pulp, lymph node medullary cords, and bone marrow. The factors that regulate plasma cell localization are poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that, compared with their B cell precursors, plasma cells exhibit increased chemotactic sensitivity to the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12. At the same time, they downregulate CXCR5 and CCR7 and have reduced responsiveness to the B and T zone chemokines CXCL13, CCL19, and CCL21. We demonstrate that CXCL12 is expressed within splenic red pulp and lymph node medullary cords as well as in bone marrow. In chimeric mice reconstituted with CXCR4-deficient fetal liver cells, plasma cells are mislocalized in the spleen, found in elevated numbers in blood, and fail to accumulate normally in the bone marrow. Our findings indicate that as B cells differentiate into plasma cells they undergo a coordinated change in chemokine responsiveness that regulates their movements in secondary lymphoid organs and promotes lodgment within the bone marrow.

scholarly journals Studies on Regeneration of Heterotopic Splenic Autotransplants

Blood ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Tavassoli ◽  
R. Judith Ratzan ◽  
William H. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Red Pulp

Abstract Fragments of spleen autotransplanted to subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen in the rat undergo almost complete necrosis and then regenerate into splenic tissue with a microscopic structure indistinguishable from the structure of the original organ. The regenerative process reminiscent of the spleen’s embryogenesis, originates from a shell of surviving splenic tissue at the surface of the implant. The regenerative zone first consists of almost monotonous connective tissue cells interspersed with red blood cells; it develops into splenic red pulp consisting of sinuses and intersinal cords. As capillaries develop, the structure of small arteries and peri-arterial lymphatic sheaths appear, and soon the structure of splenic white pulp becomes evident. Some 5 wk after autotransplantation, the splenic reconstruction is complete. The weight of the recovered tissue is a linear function of the weight of the implanted tissue; yet the linearity is lost when the weight of the implanted tissue exceeds 100 mg.

scholarly journals The Action of Phytohemagglutinin in Rabbits. V. Morphological Changes Following Previous Immunization with and Daily Injections of Phytohemagglutinin

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-738
Author(s):  
J. B. BLENNERHASSETT ◽  
C. K. NASPITZ ◽  
M. RICHTER
Keyword(s):  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Myeloid Metaplasia ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Morphologic Changes ◽  
Red Pulp

Abstract The administration of a series of four or eight daily injections of PHA neither diminished nor enhanced the peripheral and parenchymal changes observed after a single injection of PHA. These changes include the peripheral leukopenia followed by a leukocytosis, the hyperplasia of the splenic white pulp, and the myeloid metaplasia or infiltration in the splenic red pulp. The circulating leukocytes appear to become resistant to the leukopenic action of PHA following a series of injections of PHA. However, this stage of refractoriness lasts only one to two weeks in the absence of any further injection of PHA. Immunization with PHA with formation of antibodies capable of neutralizing the mitogenic factor(s) in PHA did not affect the capacity of a subsequent challenge injection of PHA to induce the characteristic morphologic changes which follow a single injection of PHA. Thus, the presence of circulating antibodies does not invalidate the use of PHA as a chemotherapeutic agent.

Splenic red pulp lymphoma with numerous basophilic villous lymphocytes: a distinct clinicopathologic and molecular entity?

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 2253-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Traverse-Glehen ◽  
Lucile Baseggio ◽  
Evelyne Callet- Bauchu ◽  
Dominique Morel ◽  
Sophie Gazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Molecular Entity ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Frequent Absence ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Red Pulp

The presence of circulating villous lymphocytes (VLs) in lymphoma patients usually points to splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (SMZL), even if the VLs can be found occasionally in other small B-cell lymphomas. However, those cells are variably described, and detailed cytologic characterization is often lacking. We identified lymphoma cases with numerous basophilic VLs among the large group of splenic lymphoma with VLs, and for further delineation, 37 cases with this particular cytology were analyzed. Patients, predominantly older men, presented with moderate lymphocytosis and splenomegaly without pancytopenia. The monoclonal B cells expressed IgM + D, IgM + G, IgM or IgG, as well as CD76 and CD11c, frequently CD103, and rarely CD123. Spleen sections were peculiar, with atrophic white pulp and a monomorphic diffuse lymphoma infiltration in a congested red pulp. Bone marrow infiltration was interstitial and intrasinusoidal without extensive fibrosis. Cytogenetic analysis showed a frequent absence of clonal aberrations (68%). Most cases (79%) were IgH mutated, with an overrepresentation of VH3 and VH4 gene families. These results, as well as the clinical evolution, show that those lymphoma cases represent a homogeneous group distinct from SMZL and reminiscent of hairy cell leukemia variant, perhaps corresponding to a separate lymphoma entity.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis: a remarkable histopathological picture of one asymptomatic animal reported from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Xavier ◽  
I.M. Chiarelli ◽  
W.G. Lima ◽  
R. Gonçalves ◽  
W.L. Tafuri
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Histological Architecture ◽  
Immunocytochemical Reaction ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

A remarkable histopathological picture of one asymptomatic dog naturally infected with Leishmania infantum (syn. chagasi) has been presented. Intracellular parasites were ease found in macrophages of all exanimated organs, especially in skin. Embedded paraffin tissues of liver, spleen, axillary and popliteal lymph nodes, and skin (ear, muzzle and abdomen) were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and by immunocytochemical reaction (streptoavidin-peroxidase method) to detect parasites. All organs showed an intense parasitism associated to severe pathological changes. All lymph nodes had conspicuous histological architecture alterations. Lymphocytes were replaced by macrophages stuffed with an intense number of amastigotes forms of Leishmania. The lymphoid nodules (without germinal centers) and the mantle zones in the cortex that surround the follicles were markedly attenuated. Livers showed small intralobular granulomas composed by macrophages loaded with amastigotes. Spleens had an intense depression of the white pulp whereas the lymphocytes were replaced by parasitized macrophages. All fragments of different anatomical region of skin (ear, muzzle and abdomen) showed a diffuse chronic inflammation. The cellular exudate was composed by macrophages, plasmocytes and lymphocytes. Macrophages loaded with amastigotes were ease found in all tissue fragments, but more intense in ear and muzzle. Thus, this fact enhances the importance of asymptomatic dogs in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Disruption of Splenic Lymphoid Tissue and Plasmacytosis in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: Changes in Homing and Survival of Plasma Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e0156733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joselli Silva-O’Hare ◽  
Isabela Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Thaís Klevorn ◽  
Valter A. Almeida ◽  
Geraldo G. S. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Anatomical and histological changes in the spleen of post hatching indigenous chicken in Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Rabab Adnan Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Lymphatic Organ ◽  
Lymphatic Follicle ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Red Pulp

     The structure of the indigenous chickens spleen during the post-hatching period was determined by gross and light microscopical examination by using Hematoxylin and eosin and Massons Trichrome staining techniques. At one day old chicks the spleen was rounded in shape, pink in color. At two weeks old chicks the spleen was triangular in shape. At the progress of the aged the color of spleen became red-brown. In all ages the spleen consisted of white pulp and red pulp which were fused together. The spleen was encapsulated by thin connective tissue capsule contain few smooth muscles, the trabiculi were rare and thin. The red pulp consisted of venous sinuses surrounded by lymphatic cords. The white pulp consisted of peri-artery lymphoid sheath, peri-venous lymphoid sheath, peri ellipsoid lymphoid sheath, and Lymphatic follicles. The appearance of these elements was age dependant. At the first week of age the peri-artery lymphoid sheath and peri-venous lymphoid sheath were developed. At the third week, the peri ellipsoid lymphoid sheath, Lymphatic follicles were noticed and the plasma cells were scattered in the white pulp in addition to the lymphocytes. At one month of age, the germinal center appeared in some lymphatic follicle. The present study revealed that the spleen was well developed lymphatic organ at the age of three weeks.

scholarly journals Histopathology and immunocytochemical study of type 3 and type 4 complement receptors in the liver and spleen of dogs naturally and experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner Luiz Tafuri ◽  
Washington Luiz Tafuri ◽  
Alfredo José Afonso Barbosa ◽  
Marilene Susan Marques Michalick ◽  
Odair Genaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Complement Receptors ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Immunocytochemical Study ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Hepatic Granulomas ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Red Pulp

The objective of this study was to compare the histopathological changes and expression of CR3 and CR4 in the liver and spleen of dogs naturally and experimentally infected with L. chagasi. The basic histopathological lesions observed mainly in naturally infected dogs were: epithelioid hepatic granulomas, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of Kupffer cells, Malpigui follicles and mononucleated cells of the red pulp of the spleen. Sections from the liver and spleen by immunocytochemistry technique showed the presence of CD11b,c\CD 18 antigens in the control and infected animals and no qualitative or quantitative differences in the liver. Nevertheless, CD18 was always increased in the spleen of naturally and experimentally infected dogs. These results indicate that there is a difference in the activaton of CD 18 in both experimental and natural cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis that should play an important role in the immunological response to Leishmania chagasi infection.

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