scholarly journals Development of Three-dimensional Observation Method with Electrolytic Etching for Microstructure of Stainless Steel Manufactured by Additive Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2232-2234
Author(s):  
Hideki Nishikido ◽  
Norio Yamashita ◽  
Shinya Morita ◽  
HIdeo Yokota
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrolytic Etching ◽  
Observation Method

Laser Fabrication of Jagged-Shaped Stainless Steel Microneedle Imitating Mosquito’s Maxilla

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 958-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Hara ◽  
◽  
Masahiro Yamada ◽  
Chikako Tatsukawa ◽  
Tomokazu Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Machining ◽  
Laser Fabrication ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Stainless Steel Foil ◽  
Electrolytic Etching

The demand for the development of low-invasive injection needles or needle-shaped tools for applications in medical practices, such as blood sampling and blood sugar level tests, are growing. We observed a mosquito’s penetration motions and fabricated low-invasive microneedles from 30-μm-thick stainless steel foil, imitating a pair of the mosquito’s maxillae. In our earlier studies, we attempted to fabricate needle tips with jagged portions by using a specially ordered machine tool and sharpening them by electrolytic etching, but found it difficult to maintain the needle tips in a jagged shape. However, in this study we successfully fabricated microneedles (70μm in width and 2.2 mm in length) with three-dimensionally sharpened tips (angled at 15° on the upper surface and sides) by machining 30-μm-thick stainless steel foil by femtosecond laser. Femtosecond laser machining can be applied to any type of material and can fabricate any desired three-dimensional structures by changing the angles at which the materials are set.

An Active Cooperative Observation Method for Multi-robots in Three Dimensional Environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1443-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng GU ◽  
Yu-Qing HE ◽  
Jian-Da HAN ◽  
Yue-Chao WANG
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Observation Method

scholarly journals Phase-field modeling of grain evolutions in additive manufacturing from nucleation, growth, to coarsening

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Wentao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Phase Field ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Field Model ◽  
Nucleation Theory ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Classical Nucleation Theory ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Powder Particles

AbstractA three-dimensional phase-field model is developed to simulate grain evolutions during powder-bed-fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing, while the physically-informed temperature profile is implemented from a thermal-fluid flow model. The phase-field model incorporates a nucleation model based on classical nucleation theory, as well as the initial grain structures of powder particles and substrate. The grain evolutions during the three-layer three-track PBF process are comprehensively reproduced, including grain nucleation and growth in molten pools, epitaxial growth from powder particles, substrate and previous tracks, grain re-melting and re-growth in overlapping zones, and grain coarsening in heat-affected zones. A validation experiment has been carried out, showing that the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results in the molten pool and grain morphologies. Furthermore, the grain refinement by adding nanoparticles is preliminarily reproduced and compared against the experimental result in literature.

scholarly journals Efficient 3D printing via photooxidation of ketocoumarin based photopolymerization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhao ◽  
Ye Zhao ◽  
Ming-De Li ◽  
Zhong’an Li ◽  
Haiyan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Viable Solution

AbstractPhotopolymerization-based three-dimensional (3D) printing can enable customized manufacturing that is difficult to achieve through other traditional means. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to achieve efficient 3D printing due to the compromise between print speed and resolution. Herein, we report an efficient 3D printing approach based on the photooxidation of ketocoumarin that functions as the photosensitizer during photopolymerization, which can simultaneously deliver high print speed (5.1 cm h−1) and high print resolution (23 μm) on a common 3D printer. Mechanistically, the initiating radical and deethylated ketocoumarin are both generated upon visible light exposure, with the former giving rise to rapid photopolymerization and high print speed while the latter ensuring high print resolution by confining the light penetration. By comparison, the printed feature is hard to identify when the ketocoumarin encounters photoreduction due to the increased lateral photopolymerization. The proposed approach here provides a viable solution towards efficient additive manufacturing by controlling the photoreaction of photosensitizers during photopolymerization.

scholarly journals A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Naseer ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Bilal Asad ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
One Step ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

scholarly journals Parameters Optimization of Auxiliary Gas Process for Double-Wire SS316L Stainless Steel Arc Additive Manufacturing

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
Jiaxiang Xue ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Hongyan Lin ◽  
Heqing Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Auxiliary Process ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Serious heat accumulation limits the further efficiency and application in additive manufacturing (AM). This study accordingly proposed a double-wire SS316L stainless steel arc AM with a two-direction auxiliary gas process to research the effect of three parameters, such as auxiliary gas nozzle angle, auxiliary gas flow rate and nozzle-to-substrate distance on depositions, then based on the Box–Behnken Design response surface, a regression equation between three parameters and the total score were established to optimized parameters by an evaluation system. The results showed that samples with nozzle angle of 30° had poor morphology but good properties, and increasing gas flow or decreasing distance would enhance the airflow strength and stiffness, then strongly stir the molten pool and resist the interference. Then a diverse combination of auxiliary process parameters had different influences on the morphology and properties, and an interactive effect on the comprehensive score. Ultimately the optimal auxiliary gas process parameters were 17.4°, 25 L/min and 10.44 mm, which not only bettered the morphology, but refined the grains and improved the properties due to the stirring and cooling effect of the auxiliary gas, which provides a feasible way for quality and efficiency improvements in arc additive manufacturing.

Assessing the Co-Deformability of a Nickel-Based Superalloy-304L Stainless Steel Preform Manufactured through Laser Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipti Samantaray ◽  
Bommakanti Aashranth ◽  
Neelakandapillai Lekshmanan Parthasarathi ◽  
Arun Kumar Rai ◽  
Marimuthu Arvinth Davinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy

scholarly journals Influence of Duty Ratio and Current Mode on Robot 316L Stainless Steel Arc Additive Manufacturing

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Ping Yao ◽  
Hongyan Lin ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Heqing Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Pulse Mode ◽  
Double Pulse ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Specimen Height

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is usually for fabricating components due to its low equipment cost, high material utilization rate and cladding efficiency. However, its applications are limited by the large heat input decided by process parameters. Here, four 50-layer stainless steel parts with double-pulse and single-pulse metal inert gas (MIG) welding modes were deposited, and the effect of different duty ratios and current modes on morphology, microstructure, and performance was analyzed. The results demonstrate that the low frequency of the double-pulse had the effect of stirring the molten pool; therefore, the double-pulse mode parts presented a bigger width and smaller height, finer microstructure and better properties than the single-pulse mode. Furthermore, increasing the duty ratio from 35% to 65% enlarged the heat input, which then decreased the specimen height, increased the width, and decreased the hardness and the tensile strength.

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