scholarly journals Androgenetic alopecia: pathogenesis and potential for therapy

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (22) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine A. Ellis ◽  
Rodney Sinclair ◽  
Stephen B. Harrap
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
White Males ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Many

Androgenetic alopecia occurs in men and women, and is characterised by the loss of hair from the scalp in a defined pattern. Determining factors appear to be genetic predisposition coupled with the presence of sufficient circulating androgens. The prevalence of this condition is high (up to 50% of white males are affected by 50 years of age) and, although there are no serious direct health consequences, the loss of scalp hair can be distressing. Knowledge of the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia has increased markedly in recent years. Pre-programmed follicles on the scalp undergo a transformation from long growth (anagen) and short rest (telogen) cycles, to long rest and short growth cycles. This process is coupled with progressive miniaturisation of the follicle. These changes are androgen dependent, and require the inheritance of several genes. To date, only one of these genes, which encodes the androgen receptor (AR), has been identified. Of the many treatments available for androgenetic alopecia, only two (finasteride and minoxidil) have been scientifically shown to be useful in the treatment of hair loss. However, these therapies are variable in their effectiveness. Discovery of the involvement of the AR gene, and the identification of other genes contributing to the condition, might lead to the development of new and more effective therapies that target the condition at a more fundamental level.

scholarly journals Pharmacological therapeutics in androgenetic alopecia

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Doyoung Kim ◽  
Sujin Park
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Female Pattern Hair Loss ◽  
Evidence Quality ◽  
Topical Minoxidil ◽  
Current Guidelines

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss and affects both men and women. Male pattern hair loss shows characteristic frontal recession and vertex baldness, whereas female pattern hair loss produces diffuse alopecia over the mid-frontal scalp. AGA is mediated by increased androgen susceptibility in affected scalp hairs. 5α-Reductase converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, a potent androgen, in the scalp. Both androgen receptors and 5α-reductase have higher expression levels in the balding scalp than in non-affected regions. Increased androgen susceptibility induces hair follicle miniaturization, which leads to the progressive loss of thicker terminal hairs in the balding scalp. Currently, topical minoxidil and oral 5α-reductase inhibitors, such as finasteride and dutasteride, are approved options for the pharmacological treatment of AGA. Topical minoxidil remains the mainstay of therapy for mild to moderate AGA in both men and women. The daily intake of 1-mg finasteride or 0.5-mg dutasteride shows better efficacy than topical minoxidil in regard to hair regrowth in male AGA. Anti-androgens can be used in female AGA wit clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism. Patients may be overwhelmed and confused by the variety of treatment options for AGA management, including over-the-count drugs with low evidence quality. Therefore, physicians must be aware of the current guidelines for the management of AGA based on evidence-based approaches to select better options for patients.

Validation of scalp coverage scoring methods for scalp hair loss in male pattern hair loss (androgenetic alopecia)

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van Neste ◽  
E. Sandraps ◽  
D. Herbaut ◽  
P. Lelubre ◽  
T. Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Male Pattern

scholarly journals The potential of androgenic alopecia management from plant derivatives

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
N.M. Noor ◽  
N.Z. Nazri ◽  
N.A. Mohamad-Salam ◽  
Z.I. Abdul-Rasid ◽  
R. Hasham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Male Pattern Baldness ◽  
Male Pattern

Hair loss or alopecia is a common dermatological issue that can affect millions of human population of all ages and both gender, male and female. Frequently, alopecia has been found to be associated with significant adverse effects or reduction of psychological and self-esteem. Consequently, this may lead to psychological problems such as depression and anxiety, thus it may negatively impact the quality of life as well. There are several types of hair loss including androgenetic alopecia (AGA), alopecia areata (AA), alopecia totalis (AT), Alopecia Universalis (AU), cicatricial alopecia (CA), senescent alopecia (SA), traction alopecia (TA) and telogen effluvium. However, this review will focus on the androgenic alopecia only. Androgenic alopecia (AGA) also known as male pattern baldness is referred to as hair loss that often occurs in men after puberty caused by the androgen. In addition, this review will discuss on the hair growth cycles and their mechanism on the androgenic alopecia and lastly the management of androgenic alopecia using plant derivatives and methods used in order to prolong the efficacy of androgenetic alopecia treatment.

Androgen Receptor Polymorphisms (CAG Repeat Lengths) in Androgenetic Alopecia, Hirsutism, and Acne

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marty E. Sawaya ◽  
Alan R. Shalita
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Trinucleotide Repeats ◽  
Repeat Length ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Cag Repeats ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Amino Terminal

Background: The androgen receptor (AR) is a structurally conserved member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The amino-terminal domain is required for transcriptional activation and contains a region of polyglutamine encoded by CAG trinucleotide repeats. In humans, the number of CAG repeats is polymorphic. Expansion of CAG repeats in the AR has clinical implications for human disease. Objective: Androgens influence androgenetic alopecia (AGA), hirsutism, and acne; the polymorphisms in CAG repeat length may affect the clinical course of patients with these cutaneous disorders. The purpose of this study is to test for an association between these disorders and CAG repeat length. Methods: We analyzed normal lymphocyte genomic DNA from a total of 48 men and 60 women. The CAG repeat region of the AR was amplified by polymerase drain reaction (PCR) and the products were sized on polyacrylamide gels. Results: In normal men and women controls, a range of 12 to 29 trinucleotide repeats was found, with men having 22 ± 4 (M ± SD), women 21 ± 3. Men with AGA had 19 ± 3, whereas women with AGA had 17 ± 3. Men with acne had 21 ± 3, whereas women had 20 ± 3; men with AGA and acne had 18 ± 4; and women with hirsutism had 16 ± 3. Women with a combination of at least two disorders also had 16 ± 3 trinucleotide repeats. Conclusion: Shorter CAG-repeat lengths may be associated with the development of androgen-mediated skin disorders in men and women. These data suggest that CAG-repeat length in AR may affect androgen mediated gene expression in hair follicles and sebaceous glands in men and women with these androgenic skin disorders.

Relasi Gender dalam Keragaman Qira'at

SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Ali Fakhrudin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Many

Knowledge of  qirā’at  until now has only been regarded as under-standing the various methodologies used in reciting the Quran. There has been very little research into analyzing the implications of recitative differences in terms of their purpose, although the many versions of qira’at rightly give rise to differing exegesis. This paper seeks to examine the implication of Qur’anic recitation in those religious verses that concern gender relations. There are many religious verses that address gender differences but this paper only examines verses connected with the opposite sexes shaking hands and permission for women to work outside the home.  This second verse is mentioned because until now there has often been the viewpoint that women ought not work outside the home as long as men and women shake hands at the beginning and end of business matters. For that reason, this paper is very suitable for analysis as a reminder that very rarely is there a person who interprets the Qur’an from an angle of familiarity with various qira’at.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Kachun
Keyword(s):  
American History ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
Public Life ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The Many

The Conclusion ties together the book’s main arguments about Crispus Attucks’s place in American history and memory. We do not know enough about his experiences, associations, or motives before or during the Boston Massacre to conclude with certainty that Attucks should be considered a hero and patriot. But his presence in that mob on March 5, 1770, embodies the diversity of colonial America and the active participation of workers and people of color in the public life of the Revolutionary era. The strong likelihood that Attucks was a former slave who claimed his own freedom and carved out a life for himself in the colonial Atlantic world adds to his story’s historical significance. The lived realities of Crispus Attucks and the many other men and women like him must be a part of Americans’ understanding of the nation’s founding generations.

Impulsive/Compulsive Sexual Behavior: Assessment and Treatment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Controversial Area ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Research

There is a growing recognition among clinicians that any type of sexual behavior can become pathologically impulsive or compulsive. There is quite a bit of debate about terminology for this condition, the diagnostic criteria, assessment methods and treatment approaches. In the absence of clear consensus, clinicians are struggling with how to help the many men and women who suffer and seek help from this type of problem. This chapter will review the author’s assessment and treatment approach. Clinicians will need to keep abreast of the literature as new research evolves and follow the continued debate around this controversial area.

Scalp hair loss after transsphenoidal adenomectomy in patients with acromegaly

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shozo Yamada ◽  
Noriaki Fukuhara ◽  
Hiroshi Nishioka ◽  
Mitsuo Yamaguchi-Okada ◽  
Akira Takeshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Transsphenoidal Adenomectomy
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