scholarly journals Reducing political polarization in Hong Kong: a pilot experiment of deliberation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Fei Shen ◽  
Wenting Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Discussion Group ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Discussion Session ◽  
Pilot Experiment ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Information Booklet ◽  
Social Polarization

Abstract Contemporary Hong Kong is riven by serious political and social polarization. Hong Kong's problem does not lie in ideological differences among citizens; rather, the major issue is that people of different political stripes view each other as enemies. In this study, we conducted two experiments to compare the impacts of deliberation and discussion on political depolarization. In study 1, we invited participants of opposing views toward the Article 23 legislation and conducted a 90-min discussion session. The participants were divided into two groups: deliberation and causal discussion. The deliberation group received an information booklet on the issue and had to strictly follow rules of deliberation whereas the causal discussion group had no such stimuli. In study 2, we used video recordings from study 1 and presented the videos to two groups of participants. One group of participants watched the deliberation video and the other group watched the causal discussion video. The main finding of the study is both deliberation and causal discussion had mixed effects on reducing political polarization. After discussion, issue attitude and issue polarization remained largely the same, but people's attitude toward others with opposing views became more favorable and affective polarization was reduced. No systematic differences were found between deliberation and discussion. And watching discussion and deliberation will deliver similar effects but to a lesser extent.

Glottalization and linking in the L2 speech of Czech learners of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese

2021 ◽  
pp. 026765832110158
Author(s):  
Radek Skarnitzl ◽  
Petr Čermák ◽  
Pavel Šturm ◽  
Zora Obstová ◽  
Jan Hricsina
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Text ◽  
Sound Pattern ◽  
Frequent Use

The use of linking or glottalization contributes to the characteristic sound pattern of a language, and the use of one in place of the other may affect a speaker’s comprehensibility and fluency in certain contexts. In this study, native speakers of Czech, a language that is associated with a frequent use of glottalization in vowel-initial word onsets, are examined in the second language (L2) context of three Romance languages that predominantly employ linking between words (Spanish, Italian and Portuguese). In total, 29 native speakers and 51 non-native learners were asked to read a short text in the respective language. The learners were divided into two groups based on their experience with the target language. A number of other factors were examined in a mixed-effects logistic regression model (segmental context, lexical stress, prosodic breaks, and the semantic status of the words). The main results show that, regardless of the target language, the more experienced (ME) learners displayed significantly lower rates of glottalization than the less experienced (LE) learners, but significantly higher rates than native speakers. The pedagogical implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis and phylogenetic investigation of Hong Kong Ilex chloroplast genomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobby Lim-Ho Kong ◽  
Hyun-Seung Park ◽  
Tai-Wai David Lau ◽  
Zhixiu Lin ◽  
Tae-Jin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Plant Group ◽  
Ilex Rotunda

AbstractIlex is a monogeneric plant group (containing approximately 600 species) in the Aquifoliaceae family and one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs. However, its taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships at the species level are debatable. Herein, we obtained the complete chloroplast genomes of all 19 Ilex types that are native to Hong Kong. The genomes are conserved in structure, gene content and arrangement. The chloroplast genomes range in size from 157,119 bp in Ilex graciliflora to 158,020 bp in Ilex kwangtungensis. All these genomes contain 125 genes, of which 88 are protein-coding and 37 are tRNA genes. Four highly varied sequences (rps16-trnQ, rpl32-trnL, ndhD-psaC and ycf1) were found. The number of repeats in the Ilex genomes is mostly conserved, but the number of repeating motifs varies. The phylogenetic relationship among the 19 Ilex genomes, together with eight other available genomes in other studies, was investigated. Most of the species could be correctly assigned to the section or even series level, consistent with previous taxonomy, except Ilex rotunda var. microcarpa, Ilex asprella var. tapuensis and Ilex chapaensis. These species were reclassified; I. rotunda was placed in the section Micrococca, while the other two were grouped with the section Pseudoaquifolium. These studies provide a better understanding of Ilex phylogeny and refine its classification.

Hydrodynamics and behaviour of Simuliidae larvae (Diptera)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1295-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Chance ◽  
D. A. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Avoidance Reaction ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Von Karman ◽  
Von Kármán ◽  
Lower Boundary Layer

Detailed water flow around larvae of Simulium vittatum Zett. (sibling IS-7) was investigated using flow tanks, aluminium flakes, pigment, still photography, cinematography, and video recordings. Angle of deflection of a larva from the vertical has a hyperbolic relationship to water velocity. Velocity profiles around larvae show that the body is in the boundary layer. Frontal area of the body decreases as velocity increases. Disturbed larvae exhibit "avoidance reaction" and pull the body into the lower boundary layer. Longitudinal twisting and yawing of the larval body places one labral fan closer to the substrate, the other near the top of the boundary layer. Models and live larvae were used to demonstrate the basic hydrodynamic phenomenon of downstream paired vortices. Body shape and feeding stance result in one of the vortices remaining in the lower boundary layer. The other rises up the downstream side of the body, passes through the lower fan, then forms a von Karman trail of detaching vortices. This vortex entrains particulate matter from the substrate, which larvae then filter. Discharge of water into this upper vortex remains constant at various velocities and only water between the substrate and top of the posterior abdomen is incorporated into it. The upper fan filters water only from the top of the boundary layer. Formation of vortices probably influences larval microdistribution and filter feeding. Larvae positioned side by side across the flow mutually influence flow between them, thus enhancing feeding. Larvae downstream of one another may use information from the von Karman trail of vortices to position themselves advantageously.

scholarly journals Two case studies on structural variation in multilingual settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Ariana Bancu
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Induced Variation ◽  
Shed Light

In this article, I report on two analyses of variation in Transylvanian Saxon (TrSax), an endangered Germanic language in contact with German and Romanian, used in settings predictive of structural influences among languages. My goals are to document the structural properties of the target variables and to evaluate if processes of language contact have an effect on synchronic variation in TrSax. I identified two areas of TrSax that display variation at the morphosyntactic level, and in each case one of the variants has a corresponding structure in German, while the other variant has a corresponding structure in Romanian. To tease apart contact-induced variation from internally motivated variation, I compare data from multilingual speakers with different linguistic profiles and assess the effect of sociolinguistic factors on variation through mixed effects analyses. Variation that patterns similarly across these two groups can provide a clearer account of the structure of TrSax, while differences between the groups can shed light on trajectories of change in TrSax. Furthermore, results of this study have implications for borrowing hierarchies in language contact.

Communalizing Colonial Policies and Postcolonial Ethnic Warfare: A Multimethod Analysis of the British Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Matthew Lange ◽  
Emre Amasyali ◽  
Tay Jeong
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Indirect Rule

Abstract In this article, we reorient the literature on colonialism and ethnic violence by exploring how different types of communalizing colonial policy (CCP) affected postcolonial patterns of ethnic warfare. We hypothesize that CCPs have limited or mixed effects when they simply recognize or empower communities but that they promote ethnic warfare when explicitly favoring some communities over others, especially when this discrimination affects the power of communities. To test these hypotheses, we combine a statistical analysis of the British Empire with a focused case study of Myanmar. We find that two relatively non-discriminatory CCPs—the use of communal census categories and high levels of indirect rule—had limited or mixed effects on postcolonial ethnic warfare. Unequal communal representation in the legislature and security forces and a mixed use of indirect rule, on the other hand, are three highly discriminatory CCPs, and we provide evidence that they increased the odds of postcolonial ethnic warfare.

Digital Media and Memory Balkanization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis L.F. Lee ◽  
Joseph M. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 8 discusses the impact of digital media on collective memory. The chapter examines both the positive and negative impact of digital and social media. On the one hand, the analysis notes how digital media provided the channels for memory mobilization and the archives for memory transmission. On the other hand, the analysis examines the problematics of memory balkanization. It explicates how political forces have shaped the development of digital and social media in Hong Kong and how competing representations of the Tiananmen Incident and commemoration activities are articulated and reinforced within distinctive memory silos.

‘The Inalienable Right of the White Man’

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-99
Author(s):  
Cees Heere
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treaty Port ◽  
British Policy ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
Treaty Ports ◽  
China Coast ◽  
Public Campaigns

Victory over Russia established Japan as the leading power in East Asia, and inaugurated a period during which its economic and political influence in the region sharply expanded. This chapter explores these shifts in the regional order from the perspective of both British policymakers in London, and from that of the British communities in Shanghai, Hong Kong, and the other ‘treaty ports’ scattered along the China coast. For many, Japan, came to represent a challenge to British hegemony in China that manifested itself on a racial as well as on the commercial or political fronts. The chapter goes on to analyse the efforts of the ‘Shanghailanders’ to mobilize British policy to constrain Japanese power in the region through public campaigns and political manoeuvring. In the process, it demonstrates how treaty port residents articulated their own vision on Britain’s imperial future in Asia.

The Other China Hunger: Part II

Worldview ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Miriam London ◽  
Ivan D. London
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
The Tang Dynasty

It's nothing new in Chinese history to impress the foreigner for the sake of the country's face,” said a young escaper last year in Hong Kong, who by no means intended to denigrate his country. “When people from other countries came to the ancient capital of Ch'ang An in the Tang Dynasty, it was so gorgeously decorated, those foreigners were astounded….If the rulers today desire not to let foreigners see anyone wearing patched clothes, that can easily be arranged. And if they want to show foreigners trees in Peking with silk hanging from the branches, that is also possible.”Visitors from afar viewing today what B. Michael Frolic describes as “the peaceful blues and grays and whites of Chinese cities” would certainly smile at the thought of brocades waving in the breeze.

scholarly journals Haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies against four prototype strains of influenza A virus in different age groups

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Terzin ◽  
S. Djurišić ◽  
B. Vuković ◽  
V. Vujkov
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Lower Antibody Response

SUMMARYSera of 197 apparently well persons were tested for residual haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against live Hong Kong/68, A/FM/47 and A/PR/34 strains. Sera of 62 well persons, regularly exposed to contacts with swine, were tested against an inactivated A/New Jersey/76 antigen.Those born some time before and during a certain influenza era showed a significantly greater proportion of homologous residual titres against the subtype prevailing in that influenza era, than those born after the termination of the same era.In each of the seven age groups tested both the percentage of positives and the geometric mean titres were usually highest against the Hong Kong strain (representing the most recent era); the next highest were those against the FM1 strain and the lowest were those against the PR8 strain (representing the most distant of these three influenza eras).The serological involvement of donors exposed to regular contacts with swine was relatively stronger against the New Jersey antigen than the response of other serum donors shown against the other three, more recent, prototypes of influenza virus A. The oldest age groups showed significantly lower antibody response against the PR8, FM1 and Hong Kong strains (but not against the New Jersey antigen) than the next one or two of the younger age groups.

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