The Civilizing Mission Persists

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
First Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hugo Chavez ◽  
Political Economic

Abstract U.S. government leaders have long considered Latin America their proverbial backyard and have recurrently intervened in the region. In earlier periods of U.S. imperialism, U.S. government leaders justified such intervention with reference to allegedly scientific racial hierarchies, which placed White, Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs) at the top of this artificial hierarchy. In more recent episodes of U.S. imperialism leading into the twenty-first century, however, U.S. leaders have publicly used the language of democracy and human rights to justify intervention. In the instance of contemporary Venezuela, while U.S leaders indeed use the language of human rights and democracy, they also draw on racist tropes of Latin Americans to justify their intervention. Through interviews with U.S. foreign policymakers and analysis of U.S. government documents, I find that U.S. leaders depict former Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez as an irrational, uncivilized, and beastly leader, who manipulates ideas of racial inequality to maintain power. In addition, U.S. leaders understand him as manipulating an uncritical mass of Venezuelans who cannot think for themselves. U.S. leaders believe it thus their duty to intervene in order to promote democracy and show Venezuelans their true political-economic interests. I connect these dynamics with a history of U.S. intervention into the region and a history of racist and imperial thinking that continues to shape the logic of U.S. foreign policymaking into the present.

BACK TO THE FUTURE: THE IMPERATIVE OF PRIORITIZING FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN AFRICA

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidi Anselm Odinkalu
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Human Reality ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Survival ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

The quite complex problems of human and group survival in Africa do not easily lend themselves to diagnosis or solutions within the human rights frame of analysis. There are several reasons for this. Some arise from the recent and not–so–recent history of the continent, others are associated with the foundations and formulation of the human rights framework itself, and the rest with the orientation of those governments, individuals, and organizations involved in or entrusted with translating the promises of human rights into human reality. The invidious dichotomies within human rights discourse between civil, political, economic, social, cultural, and collective (solidarity) rights or the so–called “categories” or “generations” of human rights, with the attendant and implicit hierarchy among these categories of rights, fails to resonate with most people around the continent for whom contact with the state is a frightening prospect that defies such convenient intellectual categories.

The landed endowment of the Anglo-Saxon minster at Hanbury (Worcs.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 77-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
History Of

AbstractMany of the minsters founded and generously endowed in the first century and a half of Anglo-Saxon christianity were evidently failing as efficient managers of their estates by the late eighth century, if we judge by the actions of the bishops in whose dioceses they sat. In the diocese of Worcester bishops can be seen transferring the administration of the lands of such minsters to the cathedral community, and then seeking ratification from the Mercian kings whose direct ancestors or royal predecessors had often been involved in the original acts of foundation. When ninth-century kings were acutely short of land, they alleviated the problem by engineering forced loans of the lands concerned from the see of Worcester. These processes are well exemplified in the history of the minster at Hanbury (Worcs.) and its landed endowment, for which particularly good contemporary evidence survives.

scholarly journals The Entrenchment of a Bill of Rights

1969 ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Schmeiser
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
History Of

One of the most contentious issues involved in the current dialogue over constitutional reform is the value of an entrenched bill of rights. The author presents a brief history of the debate and some of the arguments for each side. Relevant provisions of the proposed Char ter of Human Rights, government documents and independent papers give important in sight into the issue of entrenchment.

The European Union and Fundamental Rights

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sionaidh Douglas-Scott
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
First Century ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
National Courts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Rights Standards ◽  
Peace In Europe

The twenty-first century European Union proclaims its respect for fundamental rights. Indeed, in an era of concern for human rights, it would seem strange if the European Union (EU) did not engage with them. Yet, the EU’s concern for fundamental rights has at least two very different historical sources. First, the Internal Market project has always lain at the heart of the Union and it requires the removal of national obstacles to integration—even possibly those predicated upon fundamental rights. Consequently, the EU’s own focus on fundamental rights constitutes a response to the thinly veiled threat of national courts invoking their own human rights standards to review EU law. On the other hand, the second source relates to the Union’s earliest days, as the Coal and Steel Community and later the European Economic Community (EEC), and as a clear response to the horrors of the early/mid-twentieth century. The objective from the outset was to stop yet another deadly, destructive war in Europe. As Klaus Günther has written, ‘We realise that the European history of human rights is written in blood. And it goes on …’. But perpetual peace in Europe did not merely entail economic integration as an end to conflict—it

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Lauren Frances Turek
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Bill Clinton ◽  
First Century ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effective Advocacy ◽  
International Religious Freedom Act ◽  
Policy Engagement

This chapter reviews the influential role that evangelical lobbyists played in shaping human rights legislation during the Bill Clinton and George W. Bush administrations. It mentions how evangelical lobbyists placed their work on the International Religious Freedom Act within a larger historical context. The chapter traces the early history of effective evangelical lobbying efforts on matters related to human rights and U.S. foreign policy. It illuminates key moments when evangelical activism actually influenced the specific policy directions that government leaders pursued or the manner in which they discussed and understood global issues. It also reflects on the legacy of earlier evangelical foreign policy engagement in building the political capital and international networks necessary for effective advocacy at the turn of the twenty-first century.

Business, Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and Security in the Case Law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
Núria REGUART-SEGARRA
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Regional System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indigenous Property Rights

AbstractThe history of indigenous peoples from across the globe is marked by constant aggression, persecution and conflict. In these times, they are being obliged to confront the consequences of economic interests in their ancestral lands and natural resources, which often take the form of extractive projects conducted by corporate actors with the permission of governments. These abusive practices have led to a number of social, legal and political disputes, many of which have resulted in violence. All of this reveals that indigenous rights cases cannot be omitted in the study of the interrelation between business, human rights and security, since these three elements are present in many of them. In particular, the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights needs to be closely examined, as it is considered to be the regional system of human rights protection that has played the most prominent role in delimitating indigenous property rights.

scholarly journals History of Pandemics in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Century

СИНЕЗА ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewunmi J. Falode ◽  
Moses J. Yakubu ◽  
Olusegun J. Bolarinwa
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Active Role ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Political Economic

This work is the historical analysis of pandemics in the Twentieth and Twenty-first century. It shows that the influenza virus has been responsible for major pandemic outbreaks in the two centuries. The work shows that bacteria and viruses, especially Yersinia pestis and the influenza virus, have been responsible for the outbreaks of major pandemics in recorded history. It carries-out a compre- hensive and extensive analysis of the various impacts of historical and contemporary pandemics like the Plague of Justinian, Bu- bonic plague, Spanish flu, Cholera pandemics and also the novel COVID-19 had on the trajectory of world history. The work shows that such pandemics profoundly affects political, economic, social, religious, technological, health and educational developments in states in the post-pandemic periods. Additionally, this work com- prehensively identified the commonalities among the pandem- ic-causing diseases in the Twentieth and Twenty-first century. It shows, among other things, that pandemic-causing diseases usu- ally strikes in waves and that globalization plays an active role in the transmission of infection in the two centuries. The work concludes by showing that pandemics usually strikes in three waves and based on this assertion the world should be prepared to respond to the second and third waves of the COVID-19.

scholarly journals Changing Philosophical Perspectives: "Turn to Animals" in the New Anthropology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
Maria Kozyreva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Animal Rights Movement ◽  
Science Project ◽  
History Of

The period of the end of the twentieth — the beginning of the twenty-first century can be called the heyday of human rights movements that advocate the inclusion of new agencies in the political, ethical, social and other fields. Among them arose the animal rights movement, which later developed into a philosophical turn called animal turn, which is now one of the most popular in the Western philosophical and anthropological discourse. Being mostly a media and popular science project, animal turn has been little studied and criticized from an academic point of view. In this article, it is proposed to explore the history of the turn, its development and, most importantly, how the ideas about man, animal and their relationships changed within the framework of animal turn. The new anthropology, which also includes the turn under discussion, inextricably links the concept of man with the concept of boundary, stating it as a necessary element for the constitution of the human self. As a part of a general philosophical trend to expand the discourse of the Other, animal turn suggests to consider the animal as a universal example of Otherness, which can not only coexist with a human, but also be an integral part of his self-perception. The article proposes to consider how the transition from the recognition of animals as "also feeling" was gradually made to the idea of maximum inclusiveness, openness and hospitality. It is also proposed to critically comprehend the new concept of man as a being who strives for maximum positive harmony with himself and the material world. As examples, the texts of the most famous representatives of animal turn are analyzed: P. Singer, T. Regan, J. Derrida, B. Massumi, P. Godfrey-Smith and V. Despre.

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