scholarly journals Atmospheric water vapour content over La Silla Paranal Observatory

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (H15) ◽  
pp. 537-537
Author(s):  
R. Querel ◽  
F. Kerber ◽  
R. Hanuschik ◽  
G. Lo Curto ◽  
D. Naylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Water Vapour Content ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapour ◽  
Infrared Wavelengths ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Principle Source

Water vapour is the principle source of opacity at infrared wavelengths in the earth's atmosphere. Measurements of atmospheric water vapour serve two primary purposes when considering operation of an observatory: long-term monitoring of precipital water vapour (PWV) is useful for characterizing potential observatory sites, and real-time monitoring of PWV is useful for optimizing use, in particular for mid-IR observations.

scholarly journals Multi-year GNSS monitoring of atmospheric IWV over Central and South America for climate studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Eugenia Bianchi ◽  
Luciano Pedro Oscar Mendoza ◽  
Laura Isabel Fernández ◽  
María Paula Natali ◽  
Amalia Margarita Meza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapour ◽  
Climate Studies

Abstract. Atmospheric water vapour has been acknowledged as an essential climate variable. Weather prediction and hazard assessment systems benefit from real-time observations, whereas long-term records contribute to climate studies. Nowadays, ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) products have become widely employed, complementing satellite observations over the oceans. Although the past decade has seen a significant development of the GNSS infrastructure in Central and South America, its potential for atmospheric water vapour monitoring has not been fully exploited. With this in mind, we have performed a regional, 7-year-long and homogeneous analysis, comprising 136 GNSS tracking stations, obtaining high-rate and continuous observations of column-integrated water vapour and troposphere zenith total delay. As a preliminary application for this data set, we have estimated local water vapour trends, their significance, and their relation with specific climate regimes. We have found evidence of drying at temperate regions in South America, at a rate of about 2 % per decade, while a slow moistening of the troposphere over tropical regions is also weakly suggested by our results. Furthermore, we have assessed the regional performance of the empirical model GPT2w to blindly estimate troposphere delays. The model reproduces the observed mean delays fairly well, including their annual and semi-annual variations. Nevertheless, a long-term evaluation has shown systematical biases, up to 20 mm, probably inherited from the underlying atmospheric reanalysis. Additionally, the complete data set has been made openly available as supplementary material.

scholarly journals Atmospheric water vapour and its effect on aerosol Extinction at a coastal station – Visakhapatnam

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
K. NIRANJAN ◽  
Y. RAMESH BABU
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Solar Flux ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Aerosol Extinction ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Precipitable Water Vapour ◽  
Water Vapour Content ◽  
Coastal Station ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapour ◽  
Flux Measurements

Integrated atmospheric water vapour content. has been evaluated from the spectral optical depths around the PaT band of water vapour by making directly transmitted solar flux measurements at 800, 935 and 1025 nm. The temporal variation of the total precipitable water vapour shows significant seasonal variation with maximum during~ pre-monsoon and monsoon months and minimum during winter months. The integrated content shows a positive correlation with surface humidity parameters and the correlation is better during monsoon months compared to other seasons. The experimentally derived variations of water vapour are compared with the model variations formulated using radiosonde data. The aerosol extinctions derived from the, multi-spectral solar flux measurements in the visible and near IR regions increase with increasing atmospheric water vapour and this increase shows .a seasonal dependence the surface temperature also seems to affect the, aerosol extinction probably through Its effect on the mixing heights.

scholarly journals Effect of water vapour absorption on hydroxyl temperatures measured from Svalbard

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Chadney ◽  
Daniel K. Whiter ◽  
Betty S. Lanchester
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Echelle Spectrograph ◽  
Water Vapour Content ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapour ◽  
Transmission Coefficients ◽  
Hydroxyl Airglow ◽  
Water Vapour Absorption ◽  
Vibrational Bands ◽  
High Throughput Imaging

Abstract. We model absorption by atmospheric water vapour of hydroxyl airglow emission using the HIgh-resolution TRANsmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN2012). Transmission coefficients are provided as a function of water vapour column density for the strongest OH Meinel emission lines in the (8–3), (5–1), (9–4), (8–4), and (6–2) vibrational bands. These coefficients are used to determine precise OH(8–3) rotational temperatures from spectra measured by the High Throughput Imaging Echelle Spectrograph (HiTIES), installed at the Kjell Henriksen Observatory (KHO), Svalbard. The method described in this paper also allows us to estimate atmospheric water vapour content using the HiTIES instrument.

scholarly journals Indoor Thermal Environment Long-Term Data Analytics Using IoT Devices in Korean Apartments: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7334
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Yun ◽  
Jinho Yang ◽  
Byong Hyoek Lee ◽  
Jongcheol Kim ◽  
Jong-Ryeul Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Term Monitoring

IoT-based monitoring devices can transmit real-time and long-term thermal environment data, enabling innovative conversion for the evaluation and management of the indoor thermal environment. However, long-term indoor thermal measurements using IoT-based devices to investigate health effects have rarely been conducted. Using apartments in Seoul as a case study, we conducted long-term monitoring of thermal environmental using IoT-based real-time wireless sensors. We measured the temperature, relative humidity (RH), and CO2 in the kitchen, living room, and bedrooms of each household over one year. In addition, in one of the houses, velocity and globe temperatures were measured for multiple summer and autumn seasons. Results of our present study indicated that outdoor temperature is an important influencing factor of indoor thermal environment and indoor RH is a good indicator of residents’ lifestyle. Our findings highlighted the need for temperature management in summer, RH management in winter, and kitchen thermal environment management during summer and tropical nights. This study suggested that IoT devices are a potential approach for evaluating personal exposure to indoor thermal environmental risks. In addition, long-term monitoring and analysis is an efficient approach for analyzing complex indoor thermal environments and is a viable method for application in healthcare.

scholarly journals The Italian TREETALKER NETWORK (ITT-Net): continuous large scale monitoring of tree functional traits and vulnerabilities to climate change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Castaldi ◽  
Serena Antonucci ◽  
Shahla Asgharina ◽  
Giovanna Battipaglia ◽  
Luca Belelli Marchesini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Monitoring

<p>The  <strong>Italian TREETALKER NETWORK (ITT-Net) </strong>aims to respond to one of the grand societal challenges: the impact of climate changes on forests ecosystem services and forest dieback. The comprehension of the link between these phenomena requires to complement the most classical approaches with a new monitoring paradigm based on large scale, single tree, high frequency and long-term monitoring tree physiology, which, at present, is limited by the still elevated costs of multi-sensor devices, their energy demand and maintenance not always suitable for monitoring in remote areas. The ITT-Net network will be a unique and unprecedented worldwide example of real time, large scale, high frequency and long-term monitoring of tree physiological parameters. By spring 2020, as part of a national funded project (PRIN) the network will have set 37 sites from the north-east Alps to Sicily where a new low cost, multisensor technology “the TreeTalker®” equipped to measure tree radial growth, sap flow, transmitted light spectral components related to foliage dieback and physiology and plant stability (developed by Nature 4.0), will monitor over 600 individual trees. A radio LoRa protocol for data transmission and access to cloud services will allow to transmit in real time high frequency data on the WEB cloud with a unique IoT identifier to a common database where big data analysis will be performed to explore the causal dependency of climate events and environmental disturbances with tree functionality and resilience.</p><p>With this new network, we aim to create a new knowledge, introducing a massive data observation and analysis, about the frequency, intensity and dynamical patterns of climate anomalies perturbation on plant physiological response dynamics in order to: 1) characterize the space of “normal or safe tree operation mode” during average climatic conditions; 2) identify the non-linear tree responses beyond the safe operation mode, induced by extreme events, and the tipping points; 3) test the possibility to use a high frequency continuous monitoring system to identify early warning signals of tree stress which might allow to follow tree dynamics under climate change in real time at a resolution and accuracy that cannot always be provided through forest inventories or remote sensing technologies.</p><p>To have an overview of the ITT Network you can visit www.globaltreetalker.org</p><p> </p>

Long-Term Monitoring of Cancer-Free Subjects Carrying Non-Lymphoma Associated bcl2/IgH Rearrangements (NLABR): Prolonged Persistence of Clonal Populations Potentially Related to Follicular Lymphoma (FL).

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1373-1373
Author(s):  
Marco Ladetto ◽  
Barbara Mantoan ◽  
Federica De Marco ◽  
Berardino Pollio ◽  
Daniela Drandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract Introduction: NLABRs are frequently observed in cancer free-subjects. We recently observed that NLABR-positive clones can persist up to 60 days (Ladetto et al, J Clin Oncol 2003). However the long-term kinetics and potential pre-neoplastic role of NLABR-carrying cells are unknown. To define the natural history of NLABR-positive clones, long term monitoring of cancer-free subjects carrying these lesions has been performed. Methods: 118 subjects undergoing periodical blood examinations for warfarin therapy were screened for the bcl-2/IgH translocation. PCR-positive subjects underwent subsequent monitoring at least once every three months. NLABR-positive clones were monitored using both nested and real time-PCR according to previously published approaches (Ladetto et al Exp Hematol 2001). Sequence homology of NLABRs has always been confirmed by direct sequencing of nested PCR products. Results: 15 NLABR-positive subjects were identified out of 118 (12.7%) subjects. NLABR-positive subjects were monitored for a median time of 13 months (mos) (range 3–30 mos) for a total number of 60 timepoints. In eight subjects (53%), NLABRs detected at study initiation were not detected again in follow-up samples. These eight subjects have been monitored for median period of 12 mos (range 3–28 mos). Follow-up samples in this group were usually PCR-negative, although transient PCR-positivity due to unrelated NLABRs were noticed in two samples. In seven subjects (47%), the same NLABR observed at study initiation was detected one or more times at follow-up. In four subjects, NLABRs detected at diagnosis were amplified in every available follow-up sample (three to seven samples were available for each subject). In three, NLABRs detected at diagnosis were amplified only in a fraction of follow-up samples while the remaining were PCR-negative. Overall, persistent NLABRs were followed on these subjects for a median time of 15 months (range 3–30). The median burden of persistent NLABRs assessed by real-time PCR was 33 rearrangements (rg)/106 diploid genomes (dg) (range <10–760), while the median burden of short-lived NLABRs was <10rg/106 dg (range <10–330). The number of NLABR-positive cells appeared to be rather stable in subjects with persistent NLABR-positive clones. In none of these subjects we could detect differences greater than 1 log among available follow-up samples. Subjects having mixed PCR-positive and PCR-negative results had a smaller tumor burden compared to those constantly PCR-positive. This is consistent with the presence of a small though persistent clonal population. Studies on selected populations showed that NLABR-positive cells were CD19-positive. Discussion: NLABR-positive clones are long-lived cell populations in approximately 50% of cases. Based on this finding it is reasonable to hypothesize the existence of a follicular lymphoma (FL)-related lymphoproliferation of undetermined significance. Since NLABRs occurs in more than than 10% of healthy subjects, this condition is expected to be highly prevalent in the general population (as observed in MGUS and CLUS) and of potential relevance for the pathogenesis of FL.

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