Meteor Showers: which ones are real and where do they come from?

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (H16) ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
Peter Jenniskens
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Meteor Shower ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Meteor Showers ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Meteoroid Streams ◽  
Zodiacal Cloud ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive

AbstractThe IAU Meteor Shower Working List contains 369 showers, of which only 64 are considered established (per February 28, 2012). In this invited review, we will give an overview of international efforts to validate the remaining showers. We report on the showers that were validated in this triennium and proposed to receive the predicate “established" at the present General Assembly. The meteoroid orbit surveys characterize the meteoroid streams in terms of orbital elements and their dispersions, which is ground truth for efforts to identify their parent comets, study the fragmentation history of the (mostly dormant) comet population in the inner solar system, and understand the origin of the zodiacal cloud.

scholarly journals DIVISION F COMMISSION 22: METEORS, METEORITES, AND INTERPLANETARY DUST

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (T29A) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jenniskens ◽  
Jiří Borovička ◽  
Jun-ichi Watanabe ◽  
Tadeusz Jopek ◽  
Shinsuke Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Meteor Showers ◽  
Meteoroid Streams ◽  
Zodiacal Cloud ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Amateur Astronomer ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Solid Bodies

Commission 22 (Meteors, Meteorites and Interplanetary Dust) was established at the first IAU General Assembly held in Rome in 1922, with William Frederick Denning as its first President. Denning was an accountant by profession, but as an amateur astronomer he contributed extensively to meteor science. Commission 22 thus established a pattern that has continued to this day that non-professional astronomers were welcomed and valued and could play a significant role in its affairs. The field of meteors, meteorites and interplanetary dust has played a disproportional role in the astronomical perception of the general public through the majestic displays of our annual meteor showers. Those in the field deployed many techniques uncommon in other fields of astronomy, studying the “vermin of space”, the small solid bodies that pervade interplanetary space and impact Earth's atmosphere, the surface of the Moon, and that of our satellites in orbit. Over time, the field has tackled a wide array of problems, from predicting the encounter with meteoroid streams, to the origin of our meteorites and the nature of the zodiacal cloud. Commission 22 has played an important role in organizing the field through dedicated meetings, a data centre, and working groups that developed professional-amateur relationships and that organized the nomenclature of meteor showers. The contribution of Commission 22 to the field is perhaps most readily seen in the work of the presidents that followed in the footsteps of Denning.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Motion of Periodic Comet Giacobini-Zinner and the Origin of the Draconid Meteor Showers of 1926, 1933 and 1946

1972 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Meteor Shower ◽  
Meteor Showers ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Periodic Comet

Orbital elements of P/Giacobini-Zinner have been obtained from 577 observations at the eight apparitions 1900 to 1965 by linking apparitions in pairs. By this technique we established that the comet has a nongravitational secular deceleration amounting, on the average, to 0.081 day/(period)2. As a result of the comet's approach to Jupiter in 1969, a return of the Draconid meteor shower is possible on 1972 October 8d15h45m UT. The 1946 meteor shower was due to meteoroids ejected forward along the orbit of the comet in 1940 with velocities of 14 m s- 1. The meteor showers of 1933 and 1926 were apparently produced by meteoroids ejected in 1900 with velocities of 15.0 m s- 1 forward and 14.5 m s- 1 backward, respectively.

scholarly journals Distribution of the Mean Motions of Planets and Satellites and the Development of the Solar System

1974 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
H. Jehle
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Gas Laws ◽  
History Of ◽  
Planets And Satellites ◽  
The Mean

In this paper the point of view is taken that the distribution of orbital elements in the solar system should be discussed first on a purely gravitational basis, i.e. on the basis of a set of particles entirely under gravitational interaction, before hydromagnetic and other effects are taken in consideration too. One might indeed assume that there has been a time in the history of the solar system from when on hydromagnetic and gas laws ceased to play an important role in comparison to gravity. In the epoch since that time the solar system might have developed from a set of a large number of smaller particles into the present solar system by way of transitions which these particles made to preferential orbital elements, and by accretion. Means had been found to handle the development of this set of particles under gravitational interaction, by defining the set appropriately in terms of a statistical distribution. In considering the problem of the evolution of the solar system, such a gravitational approach, which was encouraged by Einstein, seems the reasonable first step.

The activity of autumn meteor showers in 2006-2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (H16) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Anna Kartashova
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Stellar Magnitude ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Meteor Showers ◽  
Meteoroid Streams ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Single Station ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Estimation Of Risk

AbstractThe purpose of meteor observations in INASAN is the study of meteor showers, as the elements of the migrant substance of the Solar System, and estimation of risk of hazardous collisions of spacecrafts with the particles of streams. Therefore we need to analyze the meteor events with brightness of up to 8 m, which stay in meteoroid streams for a long time and can be a hazardous for the spacecraft. The results of our single station TV observations of autumn meteor showers for the period from 2006 to 2008 are presented. The high-sensitive hybrid camera (the system with coupled of the Image Intensifier) FAVOR with limiting magnitude for meteors about 9m. . .10m in the field of view 20 × 18 was used for observations. In 2006-2008 from October to November more than 3 thousand of meteors were detected, 65% from them have the brightness from 6m to 9m. The identification with autumn meteor showers (Orionids, Taurids, Draconids, Leonids) was carried out. In order to estimate the density of the influx of meteor matter to the Earth for these meteor showers the Index of meteor activity (IMA) was calculated. The IMA distribution for the period 2006 - 2008 is given. The distributions of autumn meteor showers (the meteors with brightness of up to 8 m) by stellar magnitude from 2006 to 2008 are also presented.

scholarly journals Is the near-Earth asteroid 2000 PG3 an extinct comet?

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (S236) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Pulat B. Babadzhanov ◽  
Iwan P. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cometary Nucleus ◽  
Meteor Shower ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Meteor Showers ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Gravitational Action ◽  
Earth Asteroid ◽  
Secular Variations

AbstractThe existence of an observed meteor shower associated with some Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) is one of the few useful criteria that can be used to indicate that such an object could be a candidate for being regarded as an extinct or dormant cometary nucleus. In order to identify possible new NEA-meteor showers associations, the secular variations of the orbital elements of the NEA 2000 PG3, with comet-like albedo (0.02), and moving on a comet-like orbit, was investigated under the gravitational action of the Sun and six planets (Mercury to Saturn) over one cycle of variation of the argument of perihelion. The theoretical geocentric radiants and velocities of four possible meteor showers associated with this object are determined. Using published data, the theoretically predicted showers were identified with the night-time September Northern and Southern δ-Piscids fireball showers and several fireballs, and with the day-time meteor associations γ-Arietids and α-Piscids. The character of the orbit and low albedo of 2000 PG3, and the existence of observed meteor showers associated with 2000 PG3 provide evidence supporting the conjecture that this object may be of cometary nature.

scholarly journals COMMISSION 22: METEORS, METEORITES AND INTERPLANETARY DUST

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (T27A) ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Pavel Spurný ◽  
Jun-ichi Watanabe ◽  
Ingrid Mann ◽  
Jiří Borovička ◽  
William J. Baggaley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Planetary System ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Interplanetary Dust Particles ◽  
Meteoroid Streams ◽  
Zodiacal Cloud ◽  
International Astronomical

Commission 22 is part of Division III on Planetary System Sciences of the International Astronomical Union. Members of Commission 22 are professional scientists studying bodies in the Solar System smaller than asteroids and comets, and their interactions with planets. The main subjects of interest are meteors, meteoroids, meteoroid streams, interplanetary dust particles, and also zodiacal cloud, meteor trains, meteorites, tektites, etc.

scholarly journals Modeling the past and future activity of the Halleyids meteor showers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auriane Egal ◽  
Peter Brown ◽  
Paul Wiegert ◽  
Margaret Campbell-Brown ◽  
Jürgen Rendtel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Meteor Shower ◽  
Meteor Showers ◽  
Meteoroid Streams ◽  
Mean Motion Resonances ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mean Motion ◽  
Activity Duration ◽  
Future Activity

<p>We present a new numerical model of the Eta-Aquariid and Orionid meteor shower. Through the modelling of millions meteoroids released from comet 1P/Halley, we simulate the characteristics of each Eta-Aquariid and Orionid apparition between 1985 and 2050. The modelled showers activity duration, shape, maximum zenithal hourly rates (ZHR) values, and mass distributions are compared with several decades of meteor observations in the optical and radar range. Our simulations suggest that the age of the Eta-Aquariids shortly exceeds 5000 years, while the Orionids are composed of older material. Several Eta-Aquariid outbursts are expected in the future, in particular around 2023-2024 and 2045-2046. The evolution of 1P/Halley's meteoroid streams is strongly influenced by mean motion resonances with Jupiter, that might be responsible of a ~12 year cycle in the Orionids activity variations.</p>

Stellar Evolution

1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
M. Schwarzschild
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
Space Craft ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
Individual Stars ◽  
The Past ◽  
Evolution Of Galaxies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fast Flow

It is perhaps one of the most important characteristics of the past decade in astronomy that the evolution of some major classes of astronomical objects has become accessible to detailed research. The theory of the evolution of individual stars has developed into a substantial body of quantitative investigations. The evolution of galaxies, particularly of our own, has clearly become a subject for serious research. Even the history of the solar system, this close-by intriguing puzzle, may soon make the transition from being a subject of speculation to being a subject of detailed study in view of the fast flow of new data obtained with new techniques, including space-craft.

Analytical Electron Microscopy of Extraterrestrial Ice Analogs

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 594-595
Author(s):  
D.F. Blake ◽  
LJ. Allamandola ◽  
G. Palmer ◽  
A. Pohorille
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Interstellar Ice ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interstellar Material ◽  
Astrophysical Ices ◽  
Interstellar Molecular Clouds

The natural history of the biogenic elements H, C, N, O, P and S in the cosmos is of great interest because it is these elements which comprise all life. Material ejected from stars (or pre-existing in the interstellar medium) is thought to condense into diffuse bodies of gravitationally bound gas and dust called cold interstellar molecular clouds. Current theories predict that within these clouds, at temperatures of 10-100° K, gases (primarily H2O, but including CO, CO2, CH3OH, NH3, and others) condense onto submicron silicate grains to form icy grain mantles. This interstellar ice represents the earliest and most primitive association of the biogenic elements. Within these multicomponent icy mantles, pre-biotic organic compounds are formed during exposure to UV radiation. It is thought that icy planetesimals (such as comets) within our solar system contain some pristine interstellar material, including ices, and may have (during the early bombardment of the solar system, ∼4 Ga) carried this material to Earth.Despite the widespread occurrence of astrophysical ices and their importance to pre-biotic organic evolution, few experimental data exist which address the relevant phase equilibria and possible structural states. A knowledge of the petrology of astrophysical ice analogs will allow scientists to more confidently interpret astronomical IR observations. Furthermore, the development and refinement of procedures for analyzing ices and other materials at cryogenic temperatures is critical to the study of materials returned from the proposed Rosetta comet nucleus and Mars sample return missions.

From Dust to Life

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Chambers ◽  
Jacqueline Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Extrasolar Planets ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
History Of Astronomy ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Emergence Of Life

The birth and evolution of our solar system is a tantalizing mystery that may one day provide answers to the question of human origins. This book tells the remarkable story of how the celestial objects that make up the solar system arose from common beginnings billions of years ago, and how scientists and philosophers have sought to unravel this mystery down through the centuries, piecing together the clues that enabled them to deduce the solar system's layout, its age, and the most likely way it formed. Drawing on the history of astronomy and the latest findings in astrophysics and the planetary sciences, the book offers the most up-to-date and authoritative treatment of the subject available. It examines how the evolving universe set the stage for the appearance of our Sun, and how the nebulous cloud of gas and dust that accompanied the young Sun eventually became the planets, comets, moons, and asteroids that exist today. It explores how each of the planets acquired its unique characteristics, why some are rocky and others gaseous, and why one planet in particular—our Earth—provided an almost perfect haven for the emergence of life. The book takes readers to the very frontiers of modern research, engaging with the latest controversies and debates. It reveals how ongoing discoveries of far-distant extrasolar planets and planetary systems are transforming our understanding of our own solar system's astonishing history and its possible fate.

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