The activity of autumn meteor showers in 2006-2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (H16) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Anna Kartashova
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Stellar Magnitude ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Meteor Showers ◽  
Meteoroid Streams ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Single Station ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Estimation Of Risk

AbstractThe purpose of meteor observations in INASAN is the study of meteor showers, as the elements of the migrant substance of the Solar System, and estimation of risk of hazardous collisions of spacecrafts with the particles of streams. Therefore we need to analyze the meteor events with brightness of up to 8 m, which stay in meteoroid streams for a long time and can be a hazardous for the spacecraft. The results of our single station TV observations of autumn meteor showers for the period from 2006 to 2008 are presented. The high-sensitive hybrid camera (the system with coupled of the Image Intensifier) FAVOR with limiting magnitude for meteors about 9m. . .10m in the field of view 20 × 18 was used for observations. In 2006-2008 from October to November more than 3 thousand of meteors were detected, 65% from them have the brightness from 6m to 9m. The identification with autumn meteor showers (Orionids, Taurids, Draconids, Leonids) was carried out. In order to estimate the density of the influx of meteor matter to the Earth for these meteor showers the Index of meteor activity (IMA) was calculated. The IMA distribution for the period 2006 - 2008 is given. The distributions of autumn meteor showers (the meteors with brightness of up to 8 m) by stellar magnitude from 2006 to 2008 are also presented.

Meteor Showers: which ones are real and where do they come from?

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (H16) ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
Peter Jenniskens
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Meteor Shower ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Meteor Showers ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Meteoroid Streams ◽  
Zodiacal Cloud ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive

AbstractThe IAU Meteor Shower Working List contains 369 showers, of which only 64 are considered established (per February 28, 2012). In this invited review, we will give an overview of international efforts to validate the remaining showers. We report on the showers that were validated in this triennium and proposed to receive the predicate “established" at the present General Assembly. The meteoroid orbit surveys characterize the meteoroid streams in terms of orbital elements and their dispersions, which is ground truth for efforts to identify their parent comets, study the fragmentation history of the (mostly dormant) comet population in the inner solar system, and understand the origin of the zodiacal cloud.

Constraints of habitability for the young Earth in a highly eccentric orbit

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S345) ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
Elke Pilat-Lohinger ◽  
Kristina G. Kislyakova ◽  
Helmut Lammer ◽  
Colin P. Johnstone ◽  
David Bancelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Terrestrial Planet ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Thermal Loss ◽  
Eccentric Orbit ◽  
System Type ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Extreme Uv ◽  
Eccentric Motion

AbstractThousands of planets outside the Solar system have been discovered, with exoplanets in different environments. Since we cannot expect to find an exoplanetary system fully resembling our Solar System, we consider a Solar System type configuration where the Earth moves in an eccentric orbit. We focus on young Earth 1 billion years ago, when the Sun’s extreme UV (EUV) flux was about 5 times higher than the current radiation. In case of eccentric motion of Earth, strong variations of the EUV flux would influence the evolution of the planet’s atmosphere (EUV radiation of 50 times the current EUV flux would be possible). Taking into account a certain amount of Nitrogen in the atmosphere of such a young Earth, we study the non-thermal loss of N2 over a long time interval. We therefore investigate to what extent eccentric motion will influence the conditions of habitability of a terrestrial planet.

Atmospheric Electricity in the Solar System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Aplin ◽  
Georg Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Atmospheric Electricity ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Time

Electricity occurs in atmospheres across the Solar System planets and beyond, spanning spectacular lightning displays in clouds of water or dust, to more subtle effects of charge and electric fields. On Earth, lightning is likely to have existed for a long time, on the basis of evidence from fossilized lightning strikes in ancient rocks, but observations of planetary lightning are necessarily much more recent. The generation and observations of lightning and other atmospheric electrical processes, both from within-atmosphere measurements, and spacecraft remote sensing, can be readily studied using a comparative planetology approach, with the Earth as a model. All atmospheres contain charged molecules, electrons, and/or molecular clusters created by ionization from cosmic rays and other processes, which may affect an atmosphere’s energy balance both through aerosol and cloud formation and direct absorption of radiation. Several planets are anticipated to host a “global electric circuit” by analogy with the circuit occurring on the Earth, where thunderstorms drive the current of ions or electrons through weakly conductive parts of the atmosphere. This current flow may further modulate an atmosphere’s radiative properties through cloud and aerosol effects. Lightning could potentially have implications for life through its effects on atmospheric chemistry and particle transport. It has been observed on many of the Solar System planets (Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune), and it may also be present on Venus and Mars. On Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn, lightning is thought to be generated in deep water and ice clouds, but discharges can be generated in dust, as for terrestrial volcanic lightning, and on Mars. Other, less well-understood mechanisms causing discharges in non-water clouds also seem likely. The discovery of thousands of exoplanets has recently led to a range of further exotic possibilities for atmospheric electricity, though lightning detection beyond our Solar System remains a technical challenge to be solved.

Bennu and Ryugu: Dynamical modelling of ejected particles to the Earth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kováčová ◽  
Roman Nagy ◽  
Leonard Kornoš ◽  
Juraj Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Orbital Evolution ◽  
Meteor Showers ◽  
Meteoroid Streams ◽  
Sample Return ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Test Particles ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Dynamical Modelling

<p>Apollo-type asteroids Bennu and Ryugu are currently targets of sample-return missions. The goal of OSIRIS-REx mission (NASA) is to explore asteroid Bennu and Ryugu is being probed by JAXA’s Hayabusa2 mission. Observations of Bennu in January 2019 revealed ejecting material in the close proximity of the asteroid. Here we peresent our results of studying orbital evolution of potential meteoroid streams along the orbits of Bennu and Ryugu by integrating over 5000 test particles each for 1000 yr. We searched for their approaches to the Earth and we were also interested in evolution of their Earth MOIDs in order to estimate possible activity of potential meteor showers. Our results indicate possible observability from the Earth approximately for next 400 - 500 yr in both cases. Theoretical radiants for both asteroids and their potential meteor showers were also calculated.</p>

Tectonic Escalator

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Zalasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Original Order ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of

How does it work, this engine that produces the world’s strata, those storehouses of an almost infinite history? Our future explorers might be sorely puzzled, for the Earth’s motor is quite specific in its mechanism. There is nothing else like it in the solar system, and even reasonably close duplicates of it may be rare among planetary systems generally. A problem is immediately encountered in any attempt to construct a history of the Earth’s life and environments from the stratal archives. For the question will extend beyond simply explaining why the strata that formed on ancient sea floors happen to be present high up on land. Any explorer, in trying to construct a coherent history of the Earth, will find anything but coherence in those rock layers, once they try to put them back into their original order. For in many regions of the earth the strata are tilted, or are upside down, or are crumpled into huge folds, or have been sliced into segments in which the primary stratal layers are markedly off set from one another. Some layers show signs of having been recrystallized by heat and pressure, showing that they must have somehow been carried down to great depths below the Earth’s surface, and then carried back up again to lie exposed at the surface. The strata of neighbouring Mars, by contrast, have nothing like the richness of the Earth’s—but neither do they possess such formidable structural complications. These crazy Earthly stratal geometries, just as much as earthquakes or volcanoes, are indisputable signs of an active planet, in which the seemingly solid and stable crustal surface is, in reality, highly mobile. Our future explorers should take it for granted that strata are essentially made of sediment that was eroded from topographic highs (say, mountains) and was carried down to topographic lows (say, the floor of a lake or of a deep sea). This is straightforward. It has happened, say, on Mars. But on Mars it essentially happened as one cycle, a long time ago, where the highlands represent the eroded areas and the flatlands are an accumulation of the sediment derived from them.

scholarly journals The Wild Theory of Nicolaus Copernicus

ADALAH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Nicolaus Copernicus ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Church ◽  
Modern Astronomy

Heliocentrism is one of the controversial theory which was found by Nicolaus Copernicus. This theory described that the Sun is the center of the universe and it was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. This theory is contrary to the principles of the church and the contents of the Bible at that time. Some scientists oppose the formulation of Nicolaus Copernicus because it contradicts the principles of the church. Although he was in good standing with the Church. At this time, Copernicus was praised by many as the Father of Modern Astronomy. Indeed, his description of the universe was purified and improved by later scientists, such as Galileo, Kepler, and Newton. The controversy of the theory that was sparked by him made us aware of the fragility of scientific concepts that have been accepted for a long time. Through research, observation, and mathematics, Copernicus overturned a scientific and church concept that was rooted but was mistaken that the center of the solar system was the earth, an incorrect concept.Keywords: heliocentrism, the principles of the church, controversyAbstrakHeliosentrisme adalah salah satu teori kontroversial yang ditemukan oleh Nicolaus Copernicus. Teori ini menggambarkan bahwa matahari adalah pusat di alam semesta dan ia menentang geosentrisme, yang menempatkan bumi di tengah. Teori ini bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip gereja dan isi Alkitab pada waktu itu. Beberapa ilmuwan menentang perumusan Nicolaus Copernicus karena bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip gereja. Meskipun dia dalam posisi yang baik dengan gereja. Pada saat ini, Copernicus dipuji oleh banyak orang sebagai Bapak Astronomi Modern. Memang, uraiannya tentang alam semesta dimurnikan dan ditingkatkan oleh para ilmuwan kemudian, seperti Galileo, Kepler, dan Newton. Kontroversi teori yang dipicu olehnya membuat kita sadar akan kerapuhan konsep-konsep ilmiah yang telah diterima sejak lama. Melalui penelitian, pengamatan, dan matematika, Copernicus menjungkirbalikkan konsep ilmiah dan gereja yang berakar tetapi keliru bahwa pusat tata surya adalah bumi, sebuah konsep yang salah.Kata kunci: heliosentrisme, prinsip-prinsip gereja, kontroversi

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

The Origin of the Moon and its Relationship to the Origin of the Solar System

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold C. Urey
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

During the last 10 years, the writer has presented evidence indicating that the Moon was captured by the Earth and that the large collisions with its surface occurred within a surprisingly short period of time. These observations have been a continuous preoccupation during the past years and some explanation that seemed physically possible and reasonably probable has been sought.

scholarly journals Isotopic evidence for the formation of the Moon in a canonical giant impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune G. Nielsen ◽  
David V. Bekaert ◽  
Maureen Auro
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Giant Impact ◽  
Bulk Silicate Earth ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Isotopic Measurements ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

AbstractIsotopic measurements of lunar and terrestrial rocks have revealed that, unlike any other body in the solar system, the Moon is indistinguishable from the Earth for nearly every isotopic system. This observation, however, contradicts predictions by the standard model for the origin of the Moon, the canonical giant impact. Here we show that the vanadium isotopic composition of the Moon is offset from that of the bulk silicate Earth by 0.18 ± 0.04 parts per thousand towards the chondritic value. This offset most likely results from isotope fractionation on proto-Earth during the main stage of terrestrial core formation (pre-giant impact), followed by a canonical giant impact where ~80% of the Moon originates from the impactor of chondritic composition. Our data refute the possibility of post-giant impact equilibration between the Earth and Moon, and implies that the impactor and proto-Earth mainly accreted from a common isotopic reservoir in the inner solar system.

Planet Earth – our oasis in space

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
SIEGFRIED J. BAUER
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
The Earth

Planet Earth is unique in our solar system as an abode of life. In contrast to its planetary neighbours, the presence of liquid water, a benign atmospheric environment, a solid surface and an internal structure providing a protective magnetic field make it a suitable habitat for man. While natural forces have shaped the Earth over millennia, man through his technological prowess may become a threat to this oasis of life in the solar system.

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