scholarly journals Hunting for Stellar Coronal Mass Ejections

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (S328) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Heidi Korhonen ◽  
Krisztián Vida ◽  
Martin Leitzinger ◽  
Petra Odert ◽  
Orsolya Eszter Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Open Clusters ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Optical Telescope ◽  
Balmer Lines

AbstractCoronal mass ejections (CMEs) are explosive events that occur basically daily on the Sun. It is thought that these events play a crucial role in the angular momentum and mass loss of late-type stars, and also shape the environment in which planets form and live. Stellar CMEs can be detected in optical spectra in the Balmer lines, especially in Hα, as blue-shifted extra emission/absorption. To increase the detection probability one can monitor young open clusters, in which the stars are due to their youth still rapid rotators, and thus magnetically active and likely to exhibit a large number of CMEs. Using ESO facilities and the Nordic Optical Telescope we have obtained time series of multi-object spectroscopic observations of late-type stars in six open clusters with ages ranging from 15 Myrs to 300 Myrs. Additionally, we have studied archival data of numerous active stars. These observations will allow us to obtain information on the occurrence rate of CMEs in late-type stars with different ages and spectral types. Here we report on the preliminary outcome of our studies.

scholarly journals Solar-like oscillations in η Boo

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 337-338
Author(s):  
H. Kjeldsen ◽  
T. Bedding
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Equivalent Width ◽  
Window Function ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Optical Telescope ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Balmer Lines ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Low Dispersion

We have observed evidence for p-mode oscillations in the G0 IV star η Boo (V = 2.68). This represents the first clear evidence of solar-like oscillations in a star other than the Sun. We used a new technique in which we measure fluctuations in the temperature of the star via their effect on the equivalent width of the Balmer lines. The observations were obtained over six nights with the 2.5 m Nordic Optical Telescope on La Palma and consist of 13000 low-dispersion spectra. The upper part of Fig. 1 shows the power spectrum of the equivalent-width measurements (the inset shows the window function).

scholarly journals The east-west asymmetry in Coronal Mass Ejections: evidence for active longitudes

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 3139-3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skirgiello
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Solar Rotation ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Orbital Revolution ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
East West

Abstract. Various manifestations of solar activity are not uniformly distributed with heliographic longitude. By using east-west asymmetry in the occurrence rate of CMEs (coronal mass ejections), the longitudinal dependence in SOHO LASCO 1996-2004 data has been studied in this work. The solar rotation periodicity has been found, indicating the presence of active longitudes, whose phase is reversed twice during the studied period. It is more prominent in the Southern Hemisphere. The east-west asymmetry is also present when calculated for longer time periods. Sometimes (particularly during low solar activity), there is an alternation of the eastern and western domination every six months. Taking into account the orbital revolution of the Earth about the Sun, this indicates the existence of enhanced activity, fixed in space (not undergoing Carrington rotation). Moreover, there is about a 3.7% overall excess of western events, lasting for the entire reported time, suggesting some bias in the observations. A hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is proposed.

scholarly journals Radio Emission from the Sun and Stars: New Insights into Energetic Phenomena

2004 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
T. S. Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Radio Emission ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Radio Observations ◽  
Dwarf Stars ◽  
Magnetic Energy Release

Energetic phenomena on the Sun and late-type stars pose a number of fascinating puzzles. These include coronal heating, flares, and coronal mass ejections, all believed to be manifestations of magnetic energy release. Radio radiation is a sensitive tracer of energetic phenomena on both the Sun and stars. Radio observations of the Sun over the past decade have produced new insights into the physics of magnetic energy release in flares and coronal mass ejections. Radio observations of late-type stars have exploited sensitive imaging and spectroscopic techniques to further constrain the nature of the relevant emission mechanisms. A surprise has been the recent discovery of radio emission from brown dwarf stars, implying the existence of substantial magnetic fields and a means of dissipating magnetic energy, neither of which are understood.

A Search for Dyson Spheres around Late-Type Stars in the Solar Neighborhood II

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 707-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jugaku ◽  
Shiro Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Solar Type

AbstractWe continued our search for partial (incomplete) Dyson spheres associated with 50 solar-type stars (spectral classes F, G, and K) within 25 pc of the Sun. No candidate objects were found.

Solar Filaments as Tracers of Subsurface Processes

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
D. M. Rust
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Coronal Plasma ◽  
Magnetic Helicity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Solar Filaments

AbstractSolar filaments are discussed in terms of two contrasting paradigms. The standard paradigm is that filaments are formed by condensation of coronal plasma into magnetic fields that are twisted or dimpled as a consequence of motions of the fields’ sources in the photosphere. According to a new paradigm, filaments form in rising, twisted flux ropes and are a necessary intermediate stage in the transfer to interplanetary space of dynamo-generated magnetic flux. It is argued that the accumulation of magnetic helicity in filaments and their coronal surroundings leads to filament eruptions and coronal mass ejections. These ejections relieve the Sun of the flux generated by the dynamo and make way for the flux of the next cycle.

UlyssesObservations of the Magnetic Connectivity between Coronal Mass Ejections and the Sun

2004 ◽  
Vol 608 (2) ◽  
pp. 1100-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Riley ◽  
J. T. Gosling ◽  
N. U. Crooker
Keyword(s):  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
The Sun

scholarly journals Refining the true parameters of the open cluster NGC 4852

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S266) ◽  
pp. 539-539
Author(s):  
Gladys Solivella ◽  
Edgard Giorg ◽  
Rubén Vázquez ◽  
Giovanni Carraro
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Open Cluster ◽  
Open Clusters ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Hot Stars ◽  
Cluster Area ◽  
Young Object ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Be Star ◽  
Compact Cluster

AbstractNGC 4852 is a moderately compact cluster centered at α2000 = 13 : 00 : 09; δ = −59 : 36 : 48, located near the center of an Hα superring. This cluster forms part of an extended region including young stellar aggregates inside a circle with a radius of 3 degrees, where many show an abundance of emission line stars. In the field of this cluster, two stars of known type exist: Wray 15–1039 (emission-line object) and CD −58:4845 (emission-line star). We do not yet know whether the Be phase is transient or whether it is just what randomly happens in some hot stars. It appears that Be star may be found even in clusters as old as 70 Myr with a high occurrence rate in clusters of 25–27 Myr old. A recent photometric survey in NGC 4852 down to V = 22 – 23 mag established that NGC 4852 is about 200 – 250 Myr old, located at 1.1 kpc from the Sun and with a mean E(B − V) = 0.45 mag. Since the presence of potential Be-type stars in the cluster area suggests it may be a very young object instead of moderately old, we decided to carry out spectroscopy for 33 selected stars and CCD UBVI photometry for the bright objects in the cluster area. This way, we attempt to clarify their evolutionary state and include them in the framework of emission-line stars and open clusters. From our analysis, we agree with the cluster distance and reddening determined by earlier studies, but we derive that the age of NGC 4852 is younger than 40 Myr.

scholarly journals Radial-velocity search and statistical studies for short-period planets in the Pleiades open cluster

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Takarada ◽  
Bun’ei Sato ◽  
Masashi Omiya ◽  
Yasunori Hori ◽  
Michiko S Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Open Cluster ◽  
Open Clusters ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Echelle Spectrograph ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Stringent Constraint ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Statistical Studies

Abstract We report on a radial-velocity search for short-period planets in the Pleiades open cluster. We observed 30 Pleiades member stars at the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory with the High Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph. To evaluate and mitigate the effects of stellar activity on radial-velocity (RV) measurements, we computed four activity indicators (full width at half maximum, Vspan, Wspan, and SHα). Among our sample, no short-period planet candidates were detected. Stellar intrinsic RV jitter was estimated to be 52 m s−1, 128 m s−1, and 173 m s−1 for stars with $v$ sin i of 10 km s−1, 15 km s−1, and 20 km s−1, respectively. We determined the planet occurrence rate from our survey and set the upper limit to 11.4% for planets with masses 1–13 MJUP and period 1–10 d. To set a more stringent constraint on the planet occurrence rate, we combined the result of our survey with those of other surveys targeting open clusters with ages in the range 30–300 Myr. As a result, the planet occurrence rate in young open clusters was found to be less than 7.4%, 2.9%, and 1.9% for planets with an orbital period of 3 d and masses of 1–5, 5–13, and 13–80 MJUP, respectively.

Data Fusion of Total Solar Irradiance Composite Time Series Using 40 years of Satellite Measurements: First Results 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Montillet ◽  
Wolfgang Finsterle ◽  
Werner Schmutz ◽  
Margit Haberreiter ◽  
Rok Sikonja
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Climate Reconstructions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Difference

<p><span>Since the late 70’s, successive satellite missions have been monitoring the sun’s activity, recording total solar irradiance observations. These measurements are important to estimate the Earth’s energy imbalance, </span><span>i.e. the difference of energy absorbed and emitted by our planet. Climate modelers need the solar forcing time series in their models in order to study the influence of the Sun on the Earth’s climate. With this amount of TSI data, solar irradiance reconstruction models  can be better validated which can also improve studies looking at past climate reconstructions (e.g., Maunder minimum). V</span><span>arious algorithms have been proposed in the last decade to merge the various TSI measurements over the 40 years of recording period. We have developed a new statistical algorithm based on data fusion.  The stochastic noise processes of the measurements are modeled via a dual kernel including white and coloured noise.  We show our first results and compare it with previous releases (PMOD,ACRIM, ... ). </span></p>

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