Is sequential feeding of whole wheat more efficient than ground wheat in laying hens?

Growing rations were fed to turkey males, over a 12-week period, in four different forms, namely mash, pelleted all-mash, pelleted concentrate mixed with whole wheat, and pelleted and crumbled concentrate plus ground wheat. The formulations were altered at 4-week intervals to conform to the nutrient requirements of the growing turkey.Differences occurred between age periods but the final summary showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference in gain or feed:gain ratio between the pelleted concentrate-whole wheat ration and the crumbled concentrate-ground wheat ration. The mash form of the ration was significantly lower in both gain and feed:gain ratio than the pelleted form of the ration, whereas the whole wheat and ground wheat rations were intermediate between them. The data do not support the hypothesis that ground wheat should provide more available energy than whole wheat.

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Influence of whole wheat feeding on the development of gastrointestinal tract and performance of broiler chickens

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar05098 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

V. Ravindran ◽

Y. B. Wu ◽

D. G. Thomas ◽

P. C. H. Morel

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Relative Size ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Gain Ratio ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

And Performance ◽

Ground Wheat

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the relative growth of digestive organs of broilers as influenced by whole wheat feeding and age of birds. The secondary aim was to examine the effects of whole wheat feeding on broiler performance over a 5-week feeding period. Diets containing ground wheat and whole wheat (100 and 200 g/kg whole wheat replacing ground wheat during 1–21 days and 22–35 days, respectively) were placed in 4 replicate pens (46 birds/pen) each. Throughout the 5-week trial, the birds offered feed containing wheat as whole grain grew slower (P < 0.05) and consumed less (P < 0.05) feed than those offered feed containing ground wheat. Feed-to-gain ratio was not influenced (P > 0.05) by the form of wheat during the first 2 weeks, but was significantly lowered (P < 0.05) by whole wheat feeding from 3 weeks onwards. Over the 5-week period, the feed-to-gain ratio of birds fed the whole-wheat diet was 7 points better (P < 0.05) than of those fed the ground wheat diet. Improved feed efficiency from Week 3 onwards coincided with significant increases (P < 0.05) in the relative weights of the gizzard in birds fed the whole-wheat diet. Whole-wheat inclusion had no effect (P > 0.05) on the relative weights of crop, proventriculus, and pancreas or on the relative weight and length of the small intestine. The relative weights of storage sections of the gastrointestinal tract (crop, proventriculus, and gizzard) steadily declined during the 5-week period. The relative weights of pancreas and liver increased to Day 14 and decreased thereafter. The relative weights of intestinal segments were maximal during Weeks 1 and 2 of life, and declined rapidly with age. In general, the growth of different segments of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) followed a similar pattern. The intestinal mass, measured as g tissue/cm tissue, steadily increased over the trial period, indicating that, although the relative size of the intestine declines with age, this decline is compensated by increased intestinal mass to support the nutrient supply function to the demand tissues.

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THE EGG-PRODUCING CAPACITY OF POPULATIONS OF TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM DUV. AS AFFECTED BY INTENSIVE CANNIBALISTIC EGG-CONSUMPTION

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr38d-019 ◽

1938 ◽

Vol 16d (10) ◽

pp. 300-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

John Stanley

Keyword(s):

Wheat Flour ◽

Egg Production ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Tribolium Confusum ◽

Growth Substances ◽

Whole Wheat Flour ◽

Egg Consumption ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Ground Wheat

Experiments are described in which adults of Tribolium confusum Duv. are maintained at 27 °C., and 75% relative humidity in four different flour media: (a) ordinary whole wheat flour sifted through 76-mesh bolting cloth, (b) similar flour with from 30 to 135 Tribolium eggs per gm., (c) sifted whole wheat flour plus 3% of finely ground wheat germ and (d) flour plus germ plus eggs.It is shown that when large numbers of eggs are eaten, there is a serious decline in egg production unless wheat germ in excess is also present. This is believed to be due to a scarcity of certain accessory growth substances found in wheat germ but not to the same extent in eggs. When ground wheat germ is present, the beetles seem to do somewhat better in the presence of eggs, possibly because of a better water supply, obtained from the eggs.

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Influence of partial replacement of ground wheat with whole wheat and exogenous enzyme supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and energy utilization in young broilers

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1111/jpn.12472 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (5) ◽

pp. 929-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. R. Abdollahi ◽

V. Ravindran ◽

A. M. Amerah

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Exogenous Enzyme ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

Enzyme Supplementation ◽

Ground Wheat

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The Effect of Light Scattering on NIR Reflectance and Transmittance Spectra of Wheat

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

10.1255/jnirs.36 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 93-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Manley ◽

A.E.J. McGill ◽

B.G. Osborne

Keyword(s):

Light Scattering ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Transmittance Spectra ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

Line Measurement ◽

Multiplicative Effect ◽

On Line ◽

Ground Wheat ◽

Insight Into ◽

Effect Of Light

An NIR hardness score based on the reflectance of ground wheat is available (AACC Method 39–70A). However, it is desirable to derive an analogous score applicable to whole wheat so that an on-line measurement of hardness could be used in wheat blending. The intention was to use an algorithm based on the multiplicative effect of scatter on NIR spectra and so an experiment was carried out to determine whether or not the effect of scatter on reflectance and transmittance spectra of whole grain is multiplicative. As no evidence was found to support this model, a different approach will be needed. However, these studies have brought a new insight into the effect of scatter on the NIR spectra of whole grain.

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Influence of the method of whole wheat inclusion on performance and caecal microbiota profile of broiler chickens

Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1017/jan.2019.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Yashpal Singh ◽

Abdul Latiff Molan ◽

Velmurugu Ravindran

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Gas Production ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

Hybridisation Analysis ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Ground Wheat ◽

Caecal Microbiota ◽

Campylobacter Spp

SummaryA study was conducted to investigate the effect of method of whole wheat inclusion on performance and caecal microbiota profile of broiler chickens. Fluorescencein situhybridisation analysis was used to characterise the microbiota by using genus-specific probes. Three treatments, namely, ground wheat (GW) or 200 g/kg whole wheat (WW) replacing GW before or after pelleting were evaluated. A total of 144, one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were allocated to 18 cages (eight broilers per cage) based on body weight and six cages were randomly assigned to each treatment. The diets were offeredad libitumfrom day 11 to 35 post-hatch. The WW fed birds, regardless of the method of inclusion, resulted in poorer weight gain (P < 0.05) and reduced feed intake (P < 0.001), but a similar feed per gain (P > 0.05) compared to those fed the GW diet. The WW diet, regardless to the method of inclusion, had no effect (P > 0.05) on the populations ofLactobacillusandBacteroides spp.compared with the GW diet. TheBifidobacterium spp.population was higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed the GW diet compared with WW feeding, regardless of the method of inclusion. A reduction (P < 0.05) in the numbers of pathogenicClostridiumandCampylobacter spp.were observed in caecal samples from birds fed WW diets, regardless of method of inclusion, compared with those fed the GW diet, which was attributed to increased gizzard activity. Birds fed WW diets, regardless to the method of inclusion, showed a reduction in gizzard pH (P < 0.05), microbial gas production (P < 0.05), and an increase in gizzard weight (P < 0.05) relative to the GW treatment. The results indicated that the gizzard has an important function as a barrier organ, one that prevents pathogenic bacteria from entering the distal digestive tract.

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