scholarly journals Toward better estimates of the real-time individual amino acid requirements of growing-finishing pigs showing deviations from their typical feeding patterns

animal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. s371-s381
Author(s):  
L. Hauschild ◽  
A.R. Kristensen ◽  
I. Andretta ◽  
A. Remus ◽  
L.S. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Individual Amino Acid ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
The Real ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Evaluation of Three One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR Assays in Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Go-Eun Shin ◽  
Ji-Young Park ◽  
Kyoung-Ki Lee ◽  
Mi-Kyeong Ko ◽  
Bok-Kyung Ku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Real ◽  
One Step ◽  
Pcr Assays

Abstract Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused huge economic losses in the global swine industry. Frequent genetic variations in this virus cause difficulties in controlling and accurately diagnosing PRRSV. Methods In this study, we investigated the genetic characteristics of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 circulating in Korea from January 2018 to September 2021 and evaluated three one-step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. Results A total of 129 lung samples were collected, consisting of 47 samples for PRRSV-1, 62 samples for PRRSV-2, and 20 PRRSV-negative samples. Nucleotide sequence analysis of open reading frames (ORFs) 5, ORF6, and ORF7 genes from PRRSV samples showed that PRRSV-1 belonged to subgroup A (43/47, 91.49%) and subgroup C (4/47, 8.51%), whereas PRRSV-2 was classified as lineage 1 (25/62, 40.32%), Korean lineage (Kor) C (13/62, 20.97%), Kor B (10/62, 16.13%), lineage 5 (9/62, 14.52%), and Kor A (5/62, 8.06%). Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the neutralizing epitope and T cell epitope of PRRSV-1, and the decoy epitope region and hypervariable regions of PRRSV-2 had evolved under positive selection pressure. In particular, the key amino acid substitutions were found at positions 102 and 104 of glycoprotein 5 (GP5) in some PRRSV-2, and at positions 10 and 70 of membrane protein (M) in most PRRSV-2. In addition, one-step real-time RT-PCR assays, comprising two commercial tests and one test recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), were evaluated. Conclusion The results revealed that two of the real-time RT-PCR assays had high sensitivities and specificities, whereas the real-time RT-PCR assay of the OIE had low sensitivity due to mismatches between nucleotides of Korean PRRSVs and forward primers. In this study, we genetically characterized recent PRRSV occurrences and evaluated three one-step real-time RT-PCR assays used in Korea.

Binding Analysis of a Novel Peptide to Plasmodium falciparum Knob-Associated Histidine Rich Protein (KAHRP)

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Preston ◽  
L. Zeng ◽  
C. G. Takoudis ◽  
X. Li ◽  
A. Chishti
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Binding Interaction ◽  
The Real

Knob-associated histidine rich protein (KAHRP) is secreted by Plasmodium falciparum in infected red blood cells. This protein is required for the production of surface protrusions called knobs, which have been shown to be crucial for the adherence of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (Pf-IRBC) to the endothelia of small blood vessels. KP-AP, a 10-amino acid (AA) peptide (FITRANDTSK), binds specifically with KAHRP in preliminary studies. KP-AP is expected to disrupt knob formation and prohibit adherence of Pf-IRBC to blood vessels and greatly reduce the pathogenicity of the parasite. This paper describes an investigation into the binding interaction between biotinylated KP-AP (Biotin-AP) and a segment of KAHRP. ELISA and the real-time bio-interaction optical sensor, BIAcore are the methods of detection. The specific binding was confirmed with ELISA and the KD value was estimated to be 1.2 μM. Binding was not detected with BIAcore, most likely due to the reduced flexibility of Biotin-AP while immobilized on the sensor chip.

Individual amino acid requirements in humans: an update

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajavel Elango ◽  
Ronald O Ball ◽  
Paul B Pencharz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Individual Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

Protein and amino acid digestion characteristics of two forms of preserved lucerne forage fed to mature horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Stowers ◽  
L.A. Waldron ◽  
D.G. Thomas ◽  
I.D. Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Individual Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

SummaryA trial was conducted, using 12 mature thoroughbred horses in a cross-over design, to compare the protein and amino acid digestibility of dry lucerne chaff (LC) against a controlled fermented lucerne (CFL) product (HNF Fiber®; Fiber Fresh Feeds Ltd, Reporoa, New Zealand). Crude protein levels were higher in CFL compared to LC, and when individual amino acids were analysed, the majority (88%) of these were also higher. Crude protein digestibility was significantly (18%) higher in CFL diets (P < 0.001) compared to LC. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were seen in individual amino acid digestibility in favour of the CFL diet for lysine (24%) and methionine (30%), as well as threonine, histidine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, proline, serine and aspartamine. Although amino acid requirements in horses are still poorly defined, the higher availability of amino acids in CFL compared to LC should be taken into account when formulating horse diets including these feedstuffs.

scholarly journals Amino acid requirements in relation to health status in growing and finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M.C. van der Peet-Schwering ◽  
◽  
S.J. Koopmans ◽  
A.J.M. Jansman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements
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