scholarly journals Sex differences in early-life programming of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in humans suggest increased vulnerability in females: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Carpenter ◽  
S. M. Grecian ◽  
R. M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal

Fetal glucocorticoid overexposure is a key mechanism linking early development with later-life disease. In humans, low birth weight associates with increased fasting cortisol, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, and with cardiovascular risk and cognitive decline. As there are sex differences in these adult diseases, we hypothesized that there may be sex differences in programming of the HPA axis in response to prenatal stressors. We conducted a systematic review following Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. We searched Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science from inception to 31 October 2016. We included studies related to sex differences, prenatal exposures and HPA axis. We excluded studies investigating specific disease states. The 23 included studies investigated the consequences of low birth weight, preterm birth and maternal stressors of asthma, psychosocial stress and glucocorticoid medications on HPA axis outcomes of placental glucocorticoid biology and offspring HPA axis function in early life and later life. Female offspring exposed to stressors had increased HPA axis reactivity compared with males. Furthermore, the female placenta increased its permeability to maternal glucocorticoids following maternal stress with changes in the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes in response to maternal glucocorticoid exposure or asthma. Among males there was some evidence of altered diurnal cortisol secretion. We conclude that although there is some evidence of male vulnerability leading to altered diurnal cortisol secretion, the female HPA axis is more vulnerable to programming, particularly in terms of its reactivity; this suggests a mechanism underlying sex differences in later-life diseases.

Premature birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age and chronic non-communicable diseases in adult life: A systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 105154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Luiza Santos Soares de Mendonça ◽  
Mateus de Lima Macêna ◽  
Nassib Bezerra Bueno ◽  
Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira ◽  
Carolina Santos Mello
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Impact of prenatal exercise on neonatal and childhood outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (21) ◽  
pp. 1386-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margie H Davenport ◽  
Victoria L Meah ◽  
Stephanie-May Ruchat ◽  
Gregory A Davies ◽  
Rachel J Skow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prenatal Exercise ◽  
Frequency Intensity

ObjectiveWe aimed to identify the relationship between maternal prenatal exercise and birth complications, and neonatal and childhood morphometric, metabolic and developmental outcomes.DesignSystematic review with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.Data sourcesOnline databases were searched up to 6 January 2017.Study eligibility criteriaStudies of all designs were eligible (except case studies and reviews) if published in English, Spanish or French, and contained information on the relevant population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), intervention (subjective/objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone (‘exercise-only’) or in combination with other intervention components (eg, dietary; ‘exercise+cointervention’)), comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume, type or trimester of exercise) and outcomes (preterm birth, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, low birth weight (<2500 g), high birth weight (>4000 g), small for gestational age, large for gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, neonatal hypoglycaemia, metabolic acidosis (cord blood pH, base excess), hyperbilirubinaemia, Apgar scores, neonatal intensive care unit admittance, shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injury, neonatal body composition (per cent body fat, body weight, body mass index (BMI), ponderal index), childhood obesity (per cent body fat, body weight, BMI) and developmental milestones (including cognitive, psychosocial, motor skills)).ResultsA total of 135 studies (n=166 094) were included. There was ‘high’ quality evidence from exercise-only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showing a 39% reduction in the odds of having a baby >4000 g (macrosomia: 15 RCTs, n=3670; OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.92) in women who exercised compared with women who did not exercise, without affecting the odds of growth-restricted, preterm or low birth weight babies. Prenatal exercise was not associated with the other neonatal or infant outcomes that were examined.ConclusionsPrenatal exercise is safe and beneficial for the fetus. Maternal exercise was associated with reduced odds of macrosomia (abnormally large babies) and was not associated with neonatal complications or adverse childhood outcomes.

Is Low Birth Weight an Antecedent of CKD in Later Life? A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. White ◽  
Vlado Perkovic ◽  
Alan Cass ◽  
Choon Lan Chang ◽  
Neil R. Poulter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Later Life

scholarly journals Probiotics Reduce Mortality and Morbidity in Preterm, Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Morgan ◽  
Geoffrey A. Preidis ◽  
Purna C. Kashyap ◽  
Adam V. Weizman ◽  
Behnam Sadeghirad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

scholarly journals Cognitive and motor outcomes in children born low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from South Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Prakash Upadhyay ◽  
Gitismita Naik ◽  
Tarun Shankar Choudhary ◽  
Ranadip Chowdhury ◽  
Sunita Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Motor Outcomes

Early-Life Risk Factors for Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in Later Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Jie Wang ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Jie-Qiong Li ◽  
Xi-Peng Cao ◽  
Lan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Prevalence of Low Birth Weight Infants in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maryam Sabbaghchi ◽  
Rostam Jalali ◽  
Masoud Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Difference

Background. Low birth weight is a significant index for survival, intrauterine growth, and mortality in infants. Thus, this study is aimed at determining the prevalence of low birth weight in Iranian infants through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. This study was performed by meta-analysis from January 2000 to December 2019. The studies relevant to the topic have been obtained through search in databases of Scopus, ScienceDirect, SID, Magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Medline (PubMed), and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity of the studies has been assessed by the I 2 index, and data analysis was done using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results. By investigating 14 articles and 93924 infants, the total prevalence of low birth weight in infants in Iran was achieved at 8.5% (95% CI: 7.3-9.9%) according to the meta-analysis; the most prevalence of low birth weight was in infants in Hamedan at 19.1% (95% CI: 21.2-17.2%) in 2007, and the lowest prevalence of low birth weight was in infants in Tonekabon at 4.2% (95% CI: 3.4-5.2%) in 2005, and also, by increasing the sample size, the prevalence of low birth weight increases, by which the difference is statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Due to the high prevalence of low birth weight in infants in Iran, health policy-makers must take effective attempts in order to reduce it in infants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document