Is Low Birth Weight an Antecedent of CKD in Later Life? A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

Fetal glucocorticoid overexposure is a key mechanism linking early development with later-life disease. In humans, low birth weight associates with increased fasting cortisol, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, and with cardiovascular risk and cognitive decline. As there are sex differences in these adult diseases, we hypothesized that there may be sex differences in programming of the HPA axis in response to prenatal stressors. We conducted a systematic review following Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. We searched Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science from inception to 31 October 2016. We included studies related to sex differences, prenatal exposures and HPA axis. We excluded studies investigating specific disease states. The 23 included studies investigated the consequences of low birth weight, preterm birth and maternal stressors of asthma, psychosocial stress and glucocorticoid medications on HPA axis outcomes of placental glucocorticoid biology and offspring HPA axis function in early life and later life. Female offspring exposed to stressors had increased HPA axis reactivity compared with males. Furthermore, the female placenta increased its permeability to maternal glucocorticoids following maternal stress with changes in the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes in response to maternal glucocorticoid exposure or asthma. Among males there was some evidence of altered diurnal cortisol secretion. We conclude that although there is some evidence of male vulnerability leading to altered diurnal cortisol secretion, the female HPA axis is more vulnerable to programming, particularly in terms of its reactivity; this suggests a mechanism underlying sex differences in later-life diseases.

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Premature birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age and chronic non-communicable diseases in adult life: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

pp. 105154 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elaine Luiza Santos Soares de Mendonça ◽

Mateus de Lima Macêna ◽

Nassib Bezerra Bueno ◽

Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira ◽

Carolina Santos Mello

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Premature Birth ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adult Life ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

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Is there any benefit to starting total parenteral nutrition early in very low birth weight infants? A systematic review

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665111003442 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (OCE5) ◽

Author(s):

H. E. Moyses ◽

M. J. Johnson ◽

V. Cornelius ◽

A. A. Leaf

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Parenteral Nutrition ◽

Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants

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Impact of prenatal exercise on neonatal and childhood outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2018-099836 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (21) ◽

pp. 1386-1396 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Margie H Davenport ◽

Victoria L Meah ◽

Stephanie-May Ruchat ◽

Gregory A Davies ◽

Rachel J Skow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Weight ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Fat Body ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prenatal Exercise ◽

Frequency Intensity

ObjectiveWe aimed to identify the relationship between maternal prenatal exercise and birth complications, and neonatal and childhood morphometric, metabolic and developmental outcomes.DesignSystematic review with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.Data sourcesOnline databases were searched up to 6 January 2017.Study eligibility criteriaStudies of all designs were eligible (except case studies and reviews) if published in English, Spanish or French, and contained information on the relevant population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), intervention (subjective/objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone (‘exercise-only’) or in combination with other intervention components (eg, dietary; ‘exercise+cointervention’)), comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume, type or trimester of exercise) and outcomes (preterm birth, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, low birth weight (<2500 g), high birth weight (>4000 g), small for gestational age, large for gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, neonatal hypoglycaemia, metabolic acidosis (cord blood pH, base excess), hyperbilirubinaemia, Apgar scores, neonatal intensive care unit admittance, shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injury, neonatal body composition (per cent body fat, body weight, body mass index (BMI), ponderal index), childhood obesity (per cent body fat, body weight, BMI) and developmental milestones (including cognitive, psychosocial, motor skills)).ResultsA total of 135 studies (n=166 094) were included. There was ‘high’ quality evidence from exercise-only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showing a 39% reduction in the odds of having a baby >4000 g (macrosomia: 15 RCTs, n=3670; OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.92) in women who exercised compared with women who did not exercise, without affecting the odds of growth-restricted, preterm or low birth weight babies. Prenatal exercise was not associated with the other neonatal or infant outcomes that were examined.ConclusionsPrenatal exercise is safe and beneficial for the fetus. Maternal exercise was associated with reduced odds of macrosomia (abnormally large babies) and was not associated with neonatal complications or adverse childhood outcomes.

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Maternal Thyroid Disease and Neonatal Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.4236/ojog.2017.77079 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 07 (07) ◽

pp. 778-789

Author(s):

Gin Chiu ◽

Xiaotian Zhang ◽

Enfa Zhao ◽

Baomin Liu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Maternal Thyroid

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Impact of Low Birth Weight on Early Vascular Aging and Cardiometabolic Phenotypes in Later Life Among Cameroonian Adults

International Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-20-3463 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 30-41

Author(s):

Daniel Lemogoum ◽

Philippe van de Borne ◽

Michel P. Hermans ◽

Danielle Christiane Kedy Mangamba ◽

Aurel Sikamo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Later Life ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Vascular Aging ◽

Oscillometric Device ◽

Altered Glucose ◽

Male Sex ◽

The Difference

Background Evidence suggests that low birth weight (LBW) is associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk in adulthood, including increased arterial stiffness, a marker of early vascular aging (EVA) assessable by pulse wave velocity (PWV), obesity and glucose homeostasis abnormalities. The present study aimed to explore the late impact of LBW on PWV and cardiometabolic phenotypes among young adult Cameroonians. Methods The study evaluated 120 subjects (mean age: 26 ± 5 years; 54% male sex) at the Cameroon Heart Institute, Douala, Cameroon, between January and June 2018. Birth weight (BW) and gestational age, sociodemographic, anthropometrics and fasting capillary blood glucose were recorded in all participants. Blood pressure (BP) and PWV were measured using an automatic oscillometric device (Mobil-O-Graph®). Multiple-adjusted linear regression was used to determine predictive factors for PWV. For assessment of potential impact of BW on EVA, PWV was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Results 28 participants (23.3%) of the study sample had LBW (<3000g). There was no gender difference between LBW or normal birth weight patients (NBW; controls). Age- and MAP-adjusted PWV (aPWV) were higher in women with LBW compared to NBW (5.6 m/s and 5.3 m/s respectively, P = 0.038). In men, aPWV was similar in LBW and NBW. In this study population, aPWV was higher (on average +15 cm/s) in LBW than in controls, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.083). Multivariate regression analysis showed age, male sex, BMI and MAP were independent determinants of PWV, but not LBW. Compared to NBW controls, the prevalence of overweight/obesity, impaired glucose homeostasis and diabetes was higher in LBW: 42.9% vs 37%; 10.7% vs 3.3%, and 3.6 % vs 1.1%, respectively. Moreover, compared with controls, LBW individuals who were overweight/obese in adulthood had a much higher mean fasting capillary glucose (1.54 ±0.17 g/l vs 0.87 ±0.11 g/l in NBW, p=0.003). Conclusion This study suggests that although LBW is associated with increased aortic stiffness in young adulthood, mainly in women, the association was predominantly driven by aging, MAP, BMI and male sex. In adulthood, LBW subjects exhibited higher obesity indices and altered glucose homeostasis.

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