An Account of the Plan, Objects and Progress of the International Association for obtaining a Uniform Decimal System of Measures, Weights and Coins (Concluded from p. 162)

1859 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Samuel Brown
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
International Association ◽  
International Congress ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Decimal System ◽  
Weights And Measures ◽  
Uniform System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject

The recommendations were—“That a work should be published, in which should be given the history, and an analytical and comparative table, of the different systems of weights, measures, and coins of the different nations of the earth, to be translated and published, under the supervision of the branch societies, in all the languages of the nations represented in the Association. 2. That, to ensure the accuracy of such a work, the branch societies should furnish information as to the monies, weights, and measures prevalent in each country, with their values in terms of the Metrical System. 3. That each branch society should use every means, especially by aid of the press, to enlighten public opinion on the subject, and to prepare for the meeting of an official International Congress for discussion thereon. 4. That, in the meantime, the branch societies should make every effort to procure that, in all statistical tables and documents, public and private, the different quantities and values should be accompanied by their reduction into the monies, weights, and measures of the Metrical System, so that all nations may have a common medium of comparison. And 5. That unity in the fineness of the coin, unity in the standard of value, and unity in weights and measures of all kinds, should be pursued, in order to facilitate the adoption of a uniform system.”

scholarly journals Géomorphologie : géographie globale – géographie totale – associations internationales

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 199-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis-Edmond Hamelin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
International Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Geographical Union ◽  
International Geographical ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

The great advances that geomorphology has made in recent years make necessary a critical re-examination of the relationships between this science and the field of geography. Is geomorphology truly geographical ? And if not, how can it become so ? Geomorphology has its roots in geology and was, of course, not designed to meet the specific needs of geographers. Under the leadership of W. M. Davis, geographers eventually adopted the study of geomorphology but did Utile to adapt it to particular purposes of their discipline. Most geographers can never aspire to true excellence in geomorphology because of their generally inadequate training in the physical sciences. We have found that most geographers tend to fall into one of four groups : 1. Those who consider themselves to be geomorphologists (about one-fourth of all geographers) ; 2. Those who just try to be informed in geomorphology ; 3. Those who ignore the existence of geomorphology ; 4. The « complete » geographer who practices a « functional » geomorphology. It also appears that the majority of geographers do not consider land-man relations to be their principal field of interest. The definition that we as geographers give to geography tends to sanction the kind of geography that we are capable of doing. For example, the classical géographie globale, which is characterized by an explanatory description of a complex of physical and human eclectic elements, does not normally require either a « complete » or a genetic geomorphology ; also, complex techniques of geomorphological investigation are not essential. Of greater importance is a geomorphology'-which is functional to geography and which will help us to understand better man's distribution and activities on the surface of the earth. This partial or « functional » geomorphology has achieved its greatest development in France (as an integral part of géographie globale) and is practised by a large number of geographers. Géographie totale, an expression which refers more to the subject matter of this geography than to its methodology, is an ensemble of specialized yet inter-related disciplines (one of which is geomorphology). This pluralistic geography daims many more adherents than does géographie globale. Géographie totale allows us to study all aspects of what is now called geomorphology (but which may eventually be termed « cosmomorphology  »). This new geomorphology is based on geophysical laws and is strictly quantitative. It is an integral part of the physical sciences but this does not mean that it is automatically divorced from man. Scientists of both the United States and the U. S. S. R. are actively engaged in this new geomorphology. We believe that it would be mutually advantageous for both the « functional » and the « complete » geomorphologists to group themselves into a new international association. To achieve this end we urge that the structures of the international Geographical Union be modified or that an « International Association of Geomorphology » be founded.

Censorship, Propaganda and Public Opinion: The case of the Katyn Graves, 1943

1989 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
P. M. H. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

THE SUBJECT of this paper is not the sombre story of the mass graves at Katyn, filled with the corpses of murdered Polish officers; nor will it deal directly with the question of who killed those officers. I approach these events in the course of research on the relationship between public opinion and foreign policy in Britain during the Second World War, and on the closely related matters of censorship and propaganda as practised by the British government in that period. The diplomatic crisis produced by the affair of the Katyn graves was one in which publicity was freely used as an instrument of policy—indeed sometimes policy and publicity were indistinguishable. Those who controlled British censorship and propaganda, and attempted to guide public opinion, were faced with acute and wideranging problems. It is the object of this paper to analyse those problems, to see how the government tried to cope with them, and to trace the reactions of the press and public opinion, as a case study in the extent and limitations of government influence in such matters.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
John M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject

The introduction highlights the paradox that confronts modern US presidents, in that they enjoy considerable power in the realm of foreign policy but also face many potential constraints, such as partisanship and powerful lobby groups. It observes that though there are many books on the subject, there are few studies of how individual presidents have dealt with this aspect of statecraft. The introduction explains that Roosevelt presents an ideal case study for this subject and offers a preview of the book’s principal arguments. It also explains the book’s methodology, which entails a series of case studies, placing particular emphasis on public opinion and the role of the press, and describes original aspects of the book such as Roosevelt’s use of public diplomacy. The introduction also offers a preview of the book’s structure and the content of each chapter.

Between Scholar and Jurist: The Controversy over the Research of Jewish Law Using Comparative Methods at the Early Time of the Field

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amihai Radzyner
Keyword(s):  
Early Time ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Press ◽  
External Sources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
English Law ◽  
Human Intellect ◽  
State Of Israel

The “[Torah] scholar” and the “scientist” thus part waysThe Torah scholar and the Jurist both supplement each other's workAt the beginning of the 1950s (or thereabouts) Rabbi Yitzhak (Isaac) ha-Levi Herzog, Ashkenazi Rabbi of the State of Israel and a researcher of Jewish law, delivered a lecture to a group of lawyers. He opened with the following comments: Before beginning my lecture, I would like to correct an error in its title, and I would ask that the correction also be published in the press. The subject I chose to lecture on was “Knowledge and Will in Contract and Property in Mishpat ha-Torah.” The words “In comparison with English law” were added subsequently, without my knowledge. In my introduction to the second volume of my English work on Mishpat ha-Torah, I have already condemned a conspicuous proclivity in large portions of the modern literature on Mishpat ‘Ivri, to invariably search for comparisons and analogies from external sources. In essence, from an internal, spiritual perspective, such a comparison—God forbid—is inconceivable, for as the heavens are higher than the earth, so the Divine Torah granted from heaven is higher than any kind of jurisprudential system produced by human intellect and spirit. At the most, it is useful for explanatory purposes, enlisting human intellect to invoke external concepts in explaining certain concepts of Mishpat ha-Torah for those who are not conversant with classical Jewish sources, but are familiar with other legal systems. Therefore, my lecture is not devoted to comparison but rather to explanation, in other words explaining with the assistance of concepts and definitions taken from English law.

On Weights and Measures

1863 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 337-348
Author(s):  
Leoni Levi
Keyword(s):  
Single Step ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Decimal System ◽  
Weights And Measures ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Indian Mutiny ◽  
As If

Public attention has for some time past been earnestly directed to the introduction of the decimal system in our weights, measures, and coins. The nation is generally convinced, that the adoption of such a system would prove of immense benefit—that it would afford great facilities for calculations of all kinds, that it would shorten the work of education, that it would economise labour, and that it would diminish the chances of error. The Society of Arts, and other scientific societies, have investigated the subject in all its phases and bearings, and we have been expecting the speedy adoption of some practical plan which would be certain to confer so great a boon. Unfortunately, the Russian war, the Indian mutiny, and other political events, have rendered it necessary to put aside the consideration of many social reforms, and this, among the rest, shared the same fate. We have bestowed, also, far too much attention to the pound and mil scheme, as if upon it rested the entire question of decimalisation, and thus years have passed without a single step of a definite character being taken.

Public Opinion and the 1908 Eucharistic Congress

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Horwood
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
International Congress ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The summer of 1908 was a summer of congresses in London. The decennial Pan-Anglican Congress assembled in July, the History of Religions Congress met in September, the Trades Union Congress held its annual meeting shortly thereafter, and the International Congress on Moral Education took place in October. None of these received as much newspaper attention as the Roman Catholic International Eucharistic Congress, which convened in England for the first time, from Wednesday 9 to Sunday 13, September. Many column inches were devoted to the preparations and proceedings; photographs were printed; and hundreds of readers’ letters were published afterwards. In reportage the newspapers differed slightly; in opinion, more so. Most of the proceedings were not controversial at all, consisting of liturgies, lectures on various aspects of Catholic belief concerning the Eucharist, and evening meetings in the Albert Hall. What excited the press and sections of the public was the proposed closing spectacular: a procession of the Blessed Sacrament through the streets around Westminster Cathedral.

Art. XI.—On a Treatise on Weights and Measures, by Eliyá, Archbishop of Niṣibin

1877 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-313
Author(s):  
M. H. Sauvaire
Keyword(s):  
Weights And Measures ◽  
Asiatic Society ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Royal Asiatic Society

The following letter, addressed to me by M. Henry Sauvaire, late of the French Consulate at Alexandria, at present Secrétaire-Interprète, Chargé du Vice-Consulat de France à Casablanca, Rabat et Mazagan (Maroc), appeared to me to be of so interesting and curious a nature that I requested the writer to permit me to offer it, together with the accompanying translation, for publication to the Royal Asiatic Society. The subject is at present very obscure, and the light thrown upon it by M. Sauvaire's researches, soon I hope to be more fully set forth in the work he is now preparing for the press, will be cordially welcomed by Orientalists.

scholarly journals Brief Notes on Geodiversity and Geoheritage Perception by the Lay Public

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Lucie Kubalíková ◽  
Aleš Bajer ◽  
Marie Balková
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Geosite Assessment ◽  
Lay Public ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Geodiversity has an irreplaceable significance for both biodiversity and for human society as it has numerous functions and offers various benefits and services. These have been already recognized and assessed by using numerous approaches and methods (e.g., geosite assessment methods, geodiversity indexes, and evaluation of geodiversity functions within the concept of ecosystem services). Nearly all these procedures were elaborated by professionals in the Earth sciences or related domains. The assessment of geodiversity functions and services within nature conservation by the public was not the subject of detailed research yet (with an exception of geotourist assessment). This communication presents the results of a pilot research that is focused on the analysis and interpretation of the public opinion on geodiversity and geoconservation. The data were collected by using the semi-structured questionnaire, and based on them, the interpretation was done and comparison or confrontation with original hypotheses was undertaken.

scholarly journals Public educational initiatives in the sphere of culture of Eastern Siberia on the pages of Siberian newspapers in the last quarter of XIX – beginning of XX centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Elena Sevostyanova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sociocultural Environment ◽  
Educational Initiatives ◽  
The Press ◽  
Information Awareness

The object of this research is the reflection in Siberian press of the last quarter of XIX – beginning of XX centuries of civil educational initiatives in Eastern Siberia. In this time, local press created the image of Siberian reality, and actively formed public opinion on the new sociocultural phenomena. The subject of this research is the public educational initiatives in the sphere of culture of Eastern Siberia on the pages of Siberian newspapers in the last quarter of XIX – beginning of XX centuries. The goal consists in determination of substantive components that frame public opinion on the implementation of educational initiatives in the sphere of culture. The relevance of the selected topic is defined by the fact that periodical press contributed not only to information awareness, but also to mobilization of intelligentsia to resolve topical issues of education. Historiography is based on the newspaper materials, published and archival materials. Newspapers of liberal trend enjoyed most popularity, since they not only reflected the modernization processes in the sphere of culture, but also framed public opinion. The author outlines several themes that became thematic dominants based on the frequency of mentioning: the urgent need for Eastern Siberia (in the context of absence of Zemstvo) to show public and private initiative in the sphere of culture and its reliance on the number of educated people; characteristics of government policy; role of officialdom; discreteness of public initiatives and its factors; higher purpose of educational institutions; need for active innovative leader; need for systematic and coordinated work of various voluntary organizations in the sphere of culture. According to the press,  successful realization of civil sociocultural initiatives required the presence of several factors; each of them to a greater or lesser degree determined the consolidation of innovations in sociocultural environment and dynamics in the development of civil initiatives in the sphere of culture.

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