Grape hyacinth [Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill] control in a wheat-soybean rotation

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 578-585
Author(s):  
Shawn C. Beam ◽  
Mark J. VanGessel ◽  
Kurt M. Vollmer ◽  
Michael L. Flessner
Keyword(s):  
Applied Field ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Product Label ◽  
Grape Hyacinth ◽  
Mill Control ◽  
Winter Fallow

AbstractGrape hyacinth is a perennial bulbous species in the Liliaceae. It is commonly grown as an ornamental plant, but it can spread into agricultural fields and become weedy, potentially interfering with harvest and fall-planted crops. There has been limited research on controlling grape hyacinth in cropping systems. Fall and spring applied field-research studies were conducted to determine grape hyacinth control with herbicides labeled for use in wheat or winter fallow before planting soybean. Among fall-applied herbicides, paraquat resulted in the greatest initial grape hyacinth control (90% to 100%). Grape hyacinth control, 16 months after application (MAA), was variable, but the top-performing treatments were glyphosate and metsulfuron plus paraquat, resulting in 65% and 50% control, respectively. After spring applications, grape hyacinth control in November (7 MAA) was variable, but top-performing treatments were glyphosate and metsulfuron, which resulted in at least 26% control. Spring-applied paraquat, carfentrazone, metsulfuron, and sulfosulfuron resulted in 73%, 68%, 69%, and 60% reductions in grape hyacinth bulb counts, compared with the nontreated control 7 MAA, and were the top-performing treatments. Despite product-label prohibitions on rotation to soybeans, no soybean yield reductions were observed from any treatment in either study. Single applications of certain herbicides in the fall or spring can result in good control (>80%) of grape hyacinth initially, but long-term control is poor, and additional research is required.

scholarly journals Long-Term Green Manure Rotations Improve Soil Biochemical Properties, Yield Sustainability and Nutrient Balances in Acidic Paddy Soil under a Rice-Based Cropping System

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qaswar ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Waqas Ahmed ◽  
Dongchu Li ◽  
Shujun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Sustainability ◽  
Double Rice ◽  
Winter Fallow

Cultivation of green manure (GM) crops in intensive cropping systems is important for enhancing crop productivity through soil quality improvement. We investigated yield sustainability, nutrient stocks, nutrient balances and enzyme activities affected by different long-term (1982–2016) green manure rotations in acidic paddy soil in a double-rice cropping system. We selected four treatments from a long-term experiment, including (1) rice-rice-winter fallow as a control treatment (R-R-F), (2) rice-rice-milkvetch (R-R-M), (3) rice-rice-rapeseed (R-R-R), and (4) rice-rice-ryegrass (R-R-G). The results showed that different GM rotations increased grain yield and the sustainable yield index compared with those of the R-R-F treatment. Compared with those of R-R-F, the average grain yield of early rice in R-R-M, R-R-R, and R-R-G increased by 45%, 29%, and 27%, respectively and that of late rice increased by 46%, 28%, and 26%, respectively. Over the years, grain yield increased in all treatments except R-R-F. Green manure also improved the soil chemical properties (SOM and total and available N and P), except soil pH, compared to those of the control treatment. During the 1983–1990 cultivation period, the soil pH of the R-R-M treatment was lower than that of the R-R-F treatment. The addition of green manure did not mitigate the soil acidification caused by the use of inorganic fertilizers. The soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents and stocks of C, N and P increased over the years. Furthermore, GM significantly increased phosphatase and urease activities and decreased the apparent N and P balances compared with those in the winter fallow treatment. Variance partitioning analysis revealed that soil properties, cropping systems, and climatic factors significantly influenced annual grain yield. Aggregated boosted tree (ABT) analysis quantified the relative influences of the different soil properties on annual grain yield and showed that the relative influences of TN content, SOM, pH, and TP content on annual crop yield were 27.8%, 25.7%, 22.9%, and 20.7%, respectively. In conclusion, GM rotation is beneficial for sustaining high crop yields by improving soil biochemical properties and reducing N and P balances in acidic soil under double- rice cropping systems.

scholarly journals Residual effect of soil tillage on water erosion from a Typic Paleudalf under long-term no-tillage and cropping systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1689-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastrângello Enívar Lanzanova ◽  
Flávio Luiz Foletto Eltz ◽  
Rodrigo da Silveira Nicoloso ◽  
Elemar Antonino Cassol ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Winter Fallow

Soil erosion is one of the chief causes of agricultural land degradation. Practices of conservation agriculture, such as no-tillage and cover crops, are the key strategies of soil erosion control. In a long-term experiment on a Typic Paleudalf, we evaluated the temporal changes of soil loss and water runoff rates promoted by the transition from conventional to no-tillage systems in the treatments: bare soil (BS); grassland (GL); winter fallow (WF); intercrop maize and velvet bean (M+VB); intercrop maize and jack bean (M+JB); forage radish as winter cover crop (FR); and winter cover crop consortium ryegrass - common vetch (RG+CV). Intensive soil tillage induced higher soil losses and water runoff rates; these effects persisted for up to three years after the adoption of no-tillage. The planting of cover crops resulted in a faster decrease of soil and water loss rates in the first years after conversion from conventional to no-tillage than to winter fallow. The association of no-tillage with cover crops promoted progressive soil stabilization; after three years, soil losses were similar and water runoff was lower than from grassland soil. In the treatments of cropping systems with cover crops, soil losses were reduced by 99.7 and 66.7 %, compared to bare soil and winter fallow, while the water losses were reduced by 96.8 and 71.8 % in relation to the same treatments, respectively.

Influence of Long-term Cropping Systems on Soil Physical Properties Related to Soil Erodibility

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Rachman ◽  
S. H. Anderson ◽  
C. J. Gantzer ◽  
A. L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Erodibility

scholarly journals Changes in Bacterial and Fungal Soil Communities in Long-Term Organic Cropping Systems

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Jessica Cuartero ◽  
Onurcan Özbolat ◽  
Virginia Sánchez-Navarro ◽  
Marcos Egea-Cortines ◽  
Raúl Zornoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Organic Cultivation

Long-term organic farming aims to reduce synthetic fertilizer and pesticide use in order to sustainably produce and improve soil quality. To do this, there is a need for more information about the soil microbial community, which plays a key role in a sustainable agriculture. In this paper, we assessed the long-term effects of two organic and one conventional cropping systems on the soil microbial community structure using high-throughput sequencing analysis, as well as the link between these communities and the changes in the soil properties and crop yield. The results showed that the crop yield was similar among the three cropping systems. The microbial community changed according to cropping system. Organic cultivation with manure compost and compost tea (Org_C) showed a change in the bacterial community associated with an improved soil carbon and nutrient content. A linear discriminant analysis effect size showed different bacteria and fungi as key microorganisms for each of the three different cropping systems, for conventional systems (Conv), different microorganisms such as Nesterenkonia, Galbibacter, Gramella, Limnobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Pantoe, and Sporobolomyces were associated with pesticides, while for Org_C and organic cultivation with manure (Org_M), other types of microorganisms were associated with organic amendments with different functions, which, in some cases, reduce soil borne pathogens. However, further investigations such as functional approaches or network analyses are need to better understand the mechanisms behind this behavior.

Influence of Long-term Cropping Systems on Soil Physical Properties Related to Soil Erodibility

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Rachman ◽  
S. H. Anderson ◽  
C. J. Gantzer ◽  
A. L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Erodibility

Size and composition of weed seedbank in long-term organic and conventional low-input cropping systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Graziani ◽  
Andrea Onofri ◽  
Euro Pannacci ◽  
Francesco Tei ◽  
Marcello Guiducci
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Low Input

The Art of Bread Production in Sardinia: Cultural Aspects and Issues of Classification

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Армандо Мажиа
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bread Production ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis ◽  
Technology Of Production ◽  
Term Field

В настоящей статье автор, преимущественно на материалах собственных многолетних полевых исследований, рассматривает в контексте современности малоизученную традиционную практику хлебопроизводства в Сардинии. Анализ особенностей этого древнейшего сектора локальной культуры он предваряет освещением специфики истории региона и принципов расселения в нем, значительно повлиявших на множественность разнообразных «типажей» хлеба, как повседневных, так и праздничных, показывает специфику их иконографии и декорирования, отличия их рецептуры и технологии производства, их «привязок» к конкретным поводам, событиям, верованиям и ритуалам. Помимо этнографической части, в исследовании присутствуют теоретико-методологические аспекты: автор задается вопросом о несовершенстве существующих систем классификации сардинских хлебов, о нерешенности вопроса их таксономирования и, апеллируя к примеру эмпирического материала Сардинии, предлагает иные пути и подходы к систематизации в антропологическом исследовании в целом, а в частности, переход от «монотетической» классификации к ретикулярной, ризоматической систематизации Based mainly on the author’s long-term field research, this article examines the littlestudied traditional practice of bread production in Sardinia in the context of modernity. The analysis of this, the oldest sector of local culture, is preceded by a history of the region and the nature of its settlement which influenced the multiplicity of various types of bread, both everyday and festive. The article explains the specifics of bread’s iconography and decoration, differences in recipes and technology of production, and its links to specific occasions, events, beliefs and rituals. In addition to ethnographic analysis, the study examines theoretical and methodological issues. The author considers problems with existing classification systems of Sardinian bread, discusses the unresolved issue of their taxonomy, and questions the general approach to systematization in anthropological research, and in particular, the transition from “monotheistic” classification to reticular, rhizomatic systematization. Key words: Sardinia, Mediterranean, bread, cooking technologies, species diversity.

Potential Long-Term Benefits of No-Tillage and Organic Cropping Systems for Grain Production and Soil Improvement

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1297-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale ◽  
Charles B. Coffman ◽  
Ruth W. Mangum
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Grain Production
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