Artificial Neural Network Model For Wind Mill

Utilization of wind energy sources provides advantages in terms of being environmentally friendly, and it can be energy source is realible. The analysis of wind mill control using Neural Network model for Uncertain Variables or abbreviated as the VTP model is expected to provide a solution in solving the windmill control case. And the Neural Network model for Uncertain Variables uses probability techniques, degree of membership, logical OR function, linear programming and euclidean distance to reduce the learning process In this research, wind mill control uses variable air pressure and duration of sunshine to determine whether the wind mill is moving or not. Finally, this research tries to analyze windmill control, which in the future is expected to produce a smart wind mill control system. And the Neural Network model for Uncertain Variables can be used to control windmills with the different of input data

Autogenous grinding mill process control practices

This paper considers pre-requisite conditions for developing grinding mill control systems and describes the main problems of control and existing constraints. The author selected a set of grinding equipment that consists of autogenous grinding mills and ball mills. The paper considers the selected mill types as control objects. It is shown that there exists a good correlation between the mill charge and its acoustic and vibration noise. The paper examines the relationship between the level of vibroacoustic noise and the mill motor power draw and defines what can be considered an extreme dependence, as well as the conditions in which a stable operation of the automatic system can be maintained excluding the mill overload mode. The paper specifies what hardware and software means would be necessary to implement such system and describes the mill charge analyzer VAZM-1M developed by Soyuztsvetmetavtomatika that was selected for this application. The author looks at certain downsides typical of the conventional control scheme when the head mill feed rate changes as the mill motor power draw changes without allowing for changing physical and mechanical properties of the ore material. The author also considers the capability of the VAZM-1M analyzer in terms of mill load estimation accuracy. This laid the basis for developing mill protection and optimization algorithms for the AG and Ball Mill comminution circuit. The paper features a block diagram of the control algorithm and its brief description. The algorithm consists of blocks, which are responsible for the following actions: they receive key process parameters from the process control system database, check them for validity, perform initial processing and filtering; after that they analyze the trends of the measured parameters and analyze if an overload condition is probable. As decided by the mill operator, the ore flow rate can be adjusted. The paper describes a case study of running an AG mill control system on the basis of the above described algorithm and using the VAZM-1M analyzer. It is noted that this algorithm can be implemented both as an adviser for the operator and for automatic control of the mill when running in overload mode.

Automatic control of jet grinding on the basis of acoustic monitoring of mill operating zones

Purpose. Increasing the jet mill productivity by use of automatic control of the grinding chamber filling level based on the acoustic monitoring results of the jet grinding process. Methodology. Simulation is performed in MATLAB. Acoustic signals of the mill operating zones are used to determine the grinding process parameters. Findings. A simulation model of the automatic jet mill control system is created, which takes into account the inertia of material flows in the grinding chamber and classifier, as well as the main disturbing influences on the process of forming the mill output flow. To analyze the control process, there are three main parts the information component (regulator and technical means of automation), a set of mathematical models that describe the physical processes in the grinding chamber and in the classifier. A study on the automatic control process of the grinding chamber filling is made under the condition of determining the controlled value indirectly through spectral analysis of the acoustic signal in the mill. The insignificant influence of perturbations on the controlled quantity due to very slow filling of the chamber with material in comparison with the period of stream fluctuations at a chamber entrance owing to perturbation action is shown. Originality. For the first time the possibility has been proved of using a relay regulator in control of the grinding chamber filling, determined indirectly through spectral analysis of the acoustic signal in a jet mill. The efficiency of the mill operation at automatic control of the grinding chamber filling according to the relay law is investigated. Practical value. It is shown that with the transition from automated to automatic control of the grinding chamber filling, the mill productivity increases by 1015%. The obtained results are used to build a system of automatic jet mill control.

Практический метод исследования водородных связей в бумаге

The knowledge of principles of hydrogen bonding build-up during stock preparation is useful additional information for better control of refined pulp. Nevertheless, there is no wide accepted, accurate and quick method to investigate these interactions regarding pulp refining. The principal objective of this paper was to describe the rapid method of non-destructive analysis of handsheets by FTIR spectroscopy in the region of absorption frequencies of hydroxyl groups and interpretation of the results obtained. The proposed method is based on deconvolution of handsheets FTIR spectrum into four Gaussian bands. The calculated energy of hydrogen bonding was ranged from 2 to 25 kJ/mol. The bond energy was classified on weak, medium and strong ones corresponding to inter- or interfibre subtypes. The minimum requirement for handsheets being analyzed by proposed method was found as infrared transmission ranged between 0.10 and 0.50 in the range of 37003000 cm1. Although during investigation of the handsheets, normally more than 95 of incident light radiation was scattered and reflected, it did not restrict in obtaining clear and structured absorption spectra. In the case when the sheet transmission was 0.50 or 0.1 the share of strong hydrogen bonds was different, but it demonstrates the difference in the paper structure. This method might be recommended for pulp and paper stock quality mill control. Знание принципов образования водородной связи при подготовке бумажной массы является полезной информацией для лучшего управления размолотой целлюлозы. Тем не менее не существует широко признанного, точного и быстрого метода для изучения этих взаимодействий по отношению к размолу целлюлозы. Основная цель представленного исследования заключается в описании быстрого неразрушающего метода анализа лабораторных образцов посредством ИК-Фурье-спектроскопии в области поглощения водородных групп и интерпретации полученных результатов. Предложенный метод основывается на деконволюции ИК-Фурье-спектров в четыре Гауссовы контура. Расчетная энергия водородных связей получилась в диапазоне от 2 до 25 кДж/моль. Энергия связи была классифицирована на слабые, средние и сильные связи, что соответствует меж- и внутрифибриллярным подвидам связи. Было определено, что минимальное требование к анализируемым лабораторным образцам для данного метода, это ИК-пропускание в диапазоне 37003000 cm1 от 0,1 до 0,5. Хотя во время анализа лабораторных образцов обычно более 95 подающего света рассеивается или отражается, это не ограничило в получении чистого и структурированного спектра поглощения. В случае, когда пропускание составило более 0,5 или менее 0,1 было обнаружено разное количество сильной связи, что показывает разницу в структуре бумаги. Предложенный метод может быть рекомендован для производственного контроля целлюлозы и массоподготовительных процессов при производстве бумаги.

Grape hyacinth [Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill] control in a wheat-soybean rotation

Grape hyacinth is a perennial bulbous species in the Liliaceae. It is commonly grown as an ornamental plant, but it can spread into agricultural fields and become weedy, potentially interfering with harvest and fall-planted crops. There has been limited research on controlling grape hyacinth in cropping systems. Fall and spring applied field-research studies were conducted to determine grape hyacinth control with herbicides labeled for use in wheat or winter fallow before planting soybean. Among fall-applied herbicides, paraquat resulted in the greatest initial grape hyacinth control (90% to 100%). Grape hyacinth control, 16 months after application (MAA), was variable, but the top-performing treatments were glyphosate and metsulfuron plus paraquat, resulting in 65% and 50% control, respectively. After spring applications, grape hyacinth control in November (7 MAA) was variable, but top-performing treatments were glyphosate and metsulfuron, which resulted in at least 26% control. Spring-applied paraquat, carfentrazone, metsulfuron, and sulfosulfuron resulted in 73%, 68%, 69%, and 60% reductions in grape hyacinth bulb counts, compared with the nontreated control 7 MAA, and were the top-performing treatments. Despite product-label prohibitions on rotation to soybeans, no soybean yield reductions were observed from any treatment in either study. Single applications of certain herbicides in the fall or spring can result in good control (>80%) of grape hyacinth initially, but long-term control is poor, and additional research is required.

Phytohormone profiling reveals fungal signatures and strong manipulation of infection cycle in the Gymnosporangium juniper-virginianae dual-host plant system

The aim of this work was to examine the function of phytohormones in the pathogenesis of cedar-apple rust, a fungal disease caused by Gymnosporangium juniper-virginianae Schwein. on Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) and crabapple trees (Malus spp. Mill.). Control cedar branchlets, gall tissues, fungal telial horns, as well as healthy and infected apple leaves were collected throughout fungal and plant development and used for profiling endogenous cytokinins (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) by high performance liquid chromatography – electrospray ionization – tandem mass spectrometry. Phytohormone composition implicates cytokinin involvement in the development of rust infection. Moreover, increased levels of total CKs, as well as the unique profiles of sporulating galls on cedar trees, telial horns, and infected apple leaves, dominated by cis-Zeatin type CK, suggest that the fungus can synthesize hormones to facilitate the infection process. Distribution of ABA in the fungal and plant tissues indicates an important function of this stress hormone in regulating rapid changes in osmotic pressure during teliospore production by the galls. This study of the cedar-apple rust disease cycle is the first elucidation of phytohormones profiling between a pathogenic fungus and the attacked plant in a dual-host infection system.