Hairy buttercup and cutleaf evening-primrose control using halauxifen-methyl based programs in Mississippi and Oklahoma winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
J. Connor Ferguson ◽  
Misha R. Manuchehri ◽  
Justin S. Calhoun ◽  
Justin T. Childers ◽  
Luke H. Merritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Annual Weeds

Hairy buttercup and cutleaf evening-primrose are winter annual weeds that have become more problematic for winter wheat growers in the Southern Great Plains and the Mid-Southern United States in recent years. Little research exists to base recommendations for controlling hairy buttercup in wheat, and little research has been published on cutleaf evening-primrose control in recent years. With growing concerns of increased herbicide resistance among winter annual weeds, incorporating new herbicide sites of action has become necessary. The objective of this study was to assess halauxifen-methyl as a novel herbicide to control these two problematic winter annual broadleaf weeds in winter wheat in Mississippi and Oklahoma. Studies were conducted across four site-years in Mississippi and one site-year in Oklahoma comparing fifteen herbicide programs with and without halauxifen-methyl. Hairy buttercup and cutleaf evening-primrose control was the greatest when a synthetic auxin was combined with an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicide. Treatments including halauxifen-methyl resulted in the greatest control of hairy buttercup, whereas a synthetic auxin herbicide plus chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron resulted in the greatest control of cutleaf evening-primrose. Halauxifen-methyl is an effective addition for control of winter annual broadleaf weeds like hairy buttercup and cutleaf evening-primrose in winter wheat.

Herbicide diagnostics reveal multiple patterns of synthetic auxin resistance in kochia (Bassia scoparia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Charles M. Geddes ◽  
Mallory L. Owen ◽  
Teandra E. Ostendorf ◽  
Julia Y. Leeson ◽  
Shaun M. Sharpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Auxin Resistance ◽  
Sites Of Action

Abstract Herbicide-resistant (HR) kochia is a growing problem in the Great Plains region of Canada and the United States (U.S.). Resistance to up to four herbicide sites of action, including photosystem II inhibitors, acetolactate synthase inhibitors, synthetic auxins, and the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitor glyphosate have been reported in many areas of this region. Despite being present in the U.S. since 1993/1994, auxinic-HR kochia is a recent and growing phenomenon in Canada. This study was designed to characterize (a) the level of resistance and (b) patterns of cross-resistance to dicamba and fluroxypyr in 12 putative auxinic-HR kochia populations from western Canada. The incidence of dicamba-resistant individuals ranged among populations from 0% to 85%, while fluroxypyr-resistant individuals ranged from 0% to 45%. In whole-plant dose-response bioassays, the populations exhibited up to 6.5-fold resistance to dicamba and up to 51.5-fold resistance to fluroxypyr based on visible injury 28 days after application. Based on plant survival estimates, the populations exhibited up to 3.7-fold resistance to dicamba and up to 72.5-fold resistance to fluroxypyr. Multiple patterns of synthetic auxin resistance were observed, where one population from Cypress County, Alberta was resistant to dicamba but not fluroxypyr, while another from Rocky View County, Alberta was resistant to fluroxypyr but not dicamba based on single-dose population screening and dose-response bioassays. These results suggest that multiple mechanisms may confer resistance to dicamba and/or fluroxypyr in Canadian kochia populations. Further research is warranted to determine these mechanisms. Farmers are urged to adopt proactive non-chemical weed management tools in an effort to preserve efficacy of the remaining herbicide options available for control of HR kochia.

Buckwheat Residue Effects on Emergence and Growth of Weeds in Winter-Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping Systems

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virender Kumar ◽  
Daniel C. Brainard ◽  
Robin R. Bellinder ◽  
Russell R. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds

Field and pot studies were conducted in Central New York to determine the potential weed-management benefits of a buckwheat cover crop grown before winter wheat. Specific objectives were to determine buckwheat residue effects on (1) emergence and growth of winter annual weeds; (2) wheat establishment and yield; and (3) emergence of summer annual weeds in the spring following overwinter seed burial. In a field study, buckwheat was sown at two timings (July or August), mowed, and either incorporated or left on the soil surface. Winter wheat was drilled into buckwheat residue in September and weed and crop growth were monitored. In a complementary pot study, four winter annual weeds were sown in soil removed from buckwheat and bare-soil plots at 0 or 15 d after incorporation and monitored for emergence and early growth. To assess buckwheat residue effects on spring emergence from overwintering seeds, seeds of three weed species were buried in buckwheat residue and bare-soil plots in the fall, exhumed in April, and evaluated for emergence. To investigate the mechanism for possible effects of buckwheat residue on overwintering seeds, two levels each of seed treatment (none or fungicide) and fertilization (none or 170 kg ha−1) were applied before burial. Buckwheat residue had no negative effect on wheat yields but suppressed emergence (22 to 72%) and growth (0 to 95%) of winter annual weeds, although effects were often small and inconsistent. Buckwheat residue had no effect on the emergence of buried weed seeds in spring. However, fungicide treatment enhanced the emergence of Powell amaranth seeds by 12.5 to 25.5% and of barnyardgrass seeds by 0 to 12%. Our results suggest that buckwheat residue can contribute to weed management in wheat cropping systems, but that further studies investigating the mechanistic basis for the inconsistent selective effects of buckwheat residue on weeds are needed before buckwheat use can be optimized.

Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum), Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) and Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Control in Fallow

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F. Wiese ◽  
Clay D. Salisbury ◽  
Brent W. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Annual Weeds

Jointed goatgrass, downy brome, and horseweed are increasingly troublesome winter annual weeds during fallow periods in conservation-tillage systems in the southern Great Plains. These experiments determined the optimum weed size, vigor, and minimum herbicide rate required for 95% or better control of these weeds on fallow land. Jointed goatgrass and downy brome were controlled best when plants were 10 cm or less tall and growing vigorously at time of treatment. Horseweed was controlled best when plants were 30 cm tall and growing vigorously. Based on local retail and application costs and assuming optimum conditions for control, the two most economical herbicide treatments that controlled each weed 95% or better were: jointed goatgrass, clethodim at 250 g ai/ha and glyphosate + 2,4-D at 249 + 479 g ae/ha; downy brome, quizalofop at 18 g ai/ha and glyphosate + 2,4-D at 582 + 950 g ae/ha; and horseweed, 2,4-D at 560 g ae/ha and metsulfuron at 5 g ai/ha.

Carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes of multi-purpose winter wheat production systems in the U.S. Southern Great Plains

2021 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 108631
Author(s):  
Pradeep Wagle ◽  
Prasanna H. Gowda ◽  
Brian K. Northup ◽  
James P.S. Neel ◽  
Patrick J. Starks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
The U.S

Fall and Spring Preplant Herbicide Applications Influence Spring Emergence of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
No Till ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Spring Emergence ◽  
Residual Control

Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) is a common weed in no-till crop production systems. It is problematic because of the frequent occurrence of biotypes resistant to glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides and its ability to complete its life cycle as a winter or summer annual weed. Tactics to control horseweed while controlling other winter annual weeds routinely fail; herbicide application timing and spring emergence patterns of horseweed may be responsible. The objectives of this experiment were to (1) determine the influence of fall and spring herbicides with and without soil residual horseweed activity on spring-emerging glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed density and (2) evaluate the efficacy and persistence of saflufenacil on GR horseweed. Field studies were conducted in southern Indiana and Illinois from fall 2006 to summer 2007 and repeated in 2007 to 2008. Six preplant herbicide treatments were applied at four application timings: early fall, late fall, early spring, and late spring. Horseweed plants were counted every 2 wk following the first spring application until the first week of July. Horseweed almost exclusively emerged in the spring at both locations. Spring horseweed emergence was higher when 2,4-D + glyphosate was fall-applied and controlled other winter annual weeds. With fall-applied 2,4-D + glyphosate, over 90% of the peak horseweed density was observed before April 25. In contrast, only 25% of the peak horseweed density was observed in the untreated check by April 25. Starting from the initiation of horseweed emergence in late March, chlorimuron + tribenuron applied early fall or early spring, and spring-applied saflufenacil at 100 g ai/ha provided greater than 90% horseweed control for 12 wk. Early spring–applied saflufenacil at 50 g ai/ha provided 8 wk of greater than 90% residual control, and early spring–applied simazine provided 6 wk of greater than 90% control. When applied in late spring, saflufenacil was the only herbicide treatment that reduced horseweed densities by greater than 90% compared to 2,4-D + glyphosate. We concluded from this research that fall applications of nonresidual herbicides can increase the rate and density of spring emerging horseweed. In addition, spring-applied saflufenacil provides no-till producers with a new preplant herbicide for foliar and residual control of glyphosate- and ALS-resistant horseweed.

Weeds and Alfalfa Hay Quality

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Cords
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds

Established stands of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ‘Lahontan’) at six field locations were treated with soil-active herbicides during the dormant period for the control of winter annual weeds. Weeds and alfalfa were hand separated at the first harvest. This forage, which varied widely in weed content, was analyzed for protein. The percentage of protein correlated negatively with weed content in all cases. Analyses of covariance revealed that the direct effect of the herbicides on protein content was either small or absent and that the primary cause of the negative correlations was weed content.

Influence of Winter Annual Weed Removal Timings on Soybean Cyst Nematode Population Density and Plant Biomass

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie A. Mock ◽  
J. Earl Creech ◽  
Virginia R. Ferris ◽  
Steven G. Hallett ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Weed Removal

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is one of the most yield limiting pathogens in U.S. soybean production. Henbit and purple deadnettle are winter annual weeds shown to facilitate SCN reproduction after crop harvest in the eastern Corn Belt. These weeds, along with volunteer soybean that germinates in autumn after harvest, are common to postharvest soybean production fields and provide an opportunity for SCN reproduction and population increase outside of the typical soybean production season. The objective of this experiment was to determine if autumn removal of these weeds and volunteer soybean can influence the winter weed seedbank, plant biomass, and SCN population densities. Microplots were established with or without Lamium spp. and volunteer soybean, and four winter weed removal timings (none, October, December, and May). Dry weights of autumn Lamium spp. were reduced 50% in October when grown in competition with volunteer soybean. SCN juveniles were found in henbit roots at higher densities in October (42 per gram of root) than December (5 per gram of root) and were also found in the roots of volunteer soybean (14 per gram of root) in October. SCN egg population densities were 50% lower in August after the summer fallow period. The results of this experiment suggest that autumn removal of winter annual weeds and volunteer soybean did not reduce SCN populations.

Agronomic and Economic Effects of Two Enhanced-Efficiency Urea Fertilizer Technologies on Southern Great Plains Winter Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 1097-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis B. Adams ◽  
Santanu B. Thapa ◽  
Yubing Fan ◽  
Seong Park
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Southern Great Plains

scholarly journals Cereal Rye Cover Crop Suppresses Winter Annual Weeds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Werle ◽  
Charles Burr ◽  
Humberto Blanco-Canqui
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds
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