Membrane-Current Collector-Based Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization System: A Novel Stack Configuration for Scale-Up Desalination

Although much work has been done to optimize individual components of electrolyzers and fuel cells, very little has been done to simulate and optimize the entire system. A thorough paper review has been conducted to increase the accuracy of the PEM electrolyzer model and simulation discussed in this study. Data on optimal thicknesses and electrical properties of various electrolyzer elements was collected from various sources and collated. The simulation was then implemented to optimize the current collector rib dimensions for maximum performance and efficiency over a variety of temperatures. This paper shows higher temperatures significantly improve the efficiency of the cell while also increasing the optimal rib width dimensions. The increased efficiency is most likely due to the excess heat contributing towards the threshold energy required for the electrolysis while the varying resistances of the proton exchange membrane, with respect to temperature, can explain the increased rib width.

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Cementation of Cd Ions on Zinc Using a Rotating Fixed Bed Impeller Basket Reactor

Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research ◽

10.9734/ajacr/2021/v9i430222 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 41-50

Author(s):

Yousra Hamdy Farid

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Rotation Speed ◽

Initial Period ◽

Scale Up ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

High Rate ◽

Waste Solution ◽

System A ◽

Ring Diameter

Cementation or metal displacement reaction is one of the most effective techniques for removing toxic metals from industrial waste solutions. Aims: The main purpose of this work is to study the rate of cementation of cadmium by using a rotating bed of Zn Raschig rings packed in a perforated impeller basket for the investigation of the removal of Cd 2+ from waste solution. Study Design: The reactor was tested for Cd2+ concentration removed, the diameter of Zinc Raschig rings, and the rotational speed of the basket. Methodology: The results indicate that there are two rates of cementation for Cd-Zn system, a high rate at the beginning, followed by a lower rate after the initial period. The results also show that percentage removal of Cd2+ ions from solution increases by increasing the speed of basket rotation, and as the diameter of Zn Raschig ring packed in the basket reactor, increases the removal of Cd2+ decreases. The cadmium deposits on zinc as powder. Results: The removal of Cd2+ is optimum for ring diameter of 0.5 cm, initial concentration of 100 ppm, and basket rotation speed of 500 rpm. The experimental data fit the following equation: Sh=0.041 Sc0.33Re0.40. This equation can be used for the design scale-up and operation of reactors used to remove Cd2+ from wastewater by cementation. Conclusion: Rates of cementation were expressed in terms of the rate of mass transfer, the mass transfer coefficient increases as the rotational speed of the basket increases.

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Interconnected metal oxide CNT fibre hybrid networks for current collector-free asymmetric capacitive deionization

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c8ta01128a ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (23) ◽

pp. 10898-10908 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Cleis Santos ◽

Julio J. Lado ◽

Enrique García-Quismondo ◽

Inés V. Rodríguez ◽

Daniel Hospital-Benito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Metal Oxide ◽

Current Collector ◽

Low Energy ◽

Hybrid Networks ◽

Capacitive Deionization ◽

Fibre Network ◽

Low Energy Consumption ◽

Network Morphology

A novel current collector-free electrode for capacitive deionization to treat brackish water, with low energy consumption and exceptional desalination properties directly linked to the nanoparticle metal oxide/carbon nanotube fibre network morphology.

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Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) scale-up using a membrane stack configuration

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2019.115186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 168 ◽

pp. 115186 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Jinxing Ma ◽

Junjun Ma ◽

Changyong Zhang ◽

Jingke Song ◽

Wenjia Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scale Up ◽

Capacitive Deionization

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Continuous Electrodeionization: Production of High-Purity Water without Regeneration Chemicals

The Electrochemical Society Interface ◽

10.1149/2.f06983if ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 26-29

Author(s):

Felice DiMascio ◽

Jonathan Wood ◽

James M. Fenton

Keyword(s):

Ion Transport ◽

Transport Properties ◽

High Purity ◽

Scale Up ◽

Electrical Potential ◽

Ionic Transport ◽

Capacitive Deionization ◽

Active Media ◽

Primary Scale

Electrochemical deionization (EDI), also called electrodeionization, is a process that removes ionizable species from liquids using ionically active media and an electrical potential to influence ionic transport. Electrodeionization processes can be batch or continuous. Continuous Electrodeionization (CEDI) is an electrodeionization process where the ion transport properties of the active media are the primary scale-up parameters. There are also batch electrodeionization processes, such as capacitive deionization, where the ion capacity properties of the active media are the primary sizing parameters.

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ADVANCING PALLIATIVE CARE IN THE UGANDA HEALTH SYSTEM: AN EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY BRIEF

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462314000750 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 621-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Harriet Nabudere ◽

Ekwaro Obuku ◽

Mohammed Lamorde

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

Health System ◽

Discharge Planning ◽

Scale Up ◽

National Health System ◽

Care Services ◽

System A ◽

Home Based ◽

Government Documents ◽

Acute Care Services

Objectives: This paper describes the development and findings for a policy brief on “Advancing the Integration of Palliative Care into the National Health System” and the subsequent use of this report.Methods: Key stakeholders involved with palliative care helped identify the problem and potential policy solutions to scale up these services within the health system. A working group of national stakeholder representatives and external reviewers commented on and contributed to successive drafts of the report. Research describing the problem, policy options and implementation considerations was identified by reviewing government documents, routinely collected data, electronic literature searches, contact with key informants, and reviewing the reference lists of relevant documents that were retrieved.Results: The palliative burden is not only high but increasing due to the rise in population and life expectancy. A few options for holistic, supportive care include: Home-based care increases chances of a peaceful death for the terminally ill surrounded by their loved ones; supporting informal caregivers improves their quality of life and discharge planning reduces unscheduled admissions and has the potential to free up capacity for acute care services. A combination of strategies is needed to effectively implement the proposed options as discussed further in this article.Conclusions: The policy brief report was used as a background document for two stakeholder dialogues whose main outcome was that a comprehensive national palliative care policy should be instituted to include all the options, which need to be integrated within the public health system. A draft policy is now in process.

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