network morphology
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Gao ◽  
Zexu Xue ◽  
Jiarui Yu ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Ling Zang

A novel synthesis method for fabricating large area, uniform bulk-heterojunction film with electron donor and acceptor materials homogeneously distributed each other forming a bicontinuous network morphology is reported. The acceptor...


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Siadat ◽  
Monica E Susilo ◽  
Jeffrey A Paten ◽  
Alexandra A Silverman ◽  
Charles A DiMarzio ◽  
...  

While de novo collagen fibril formation is well-studied, there are few investigations into the growth and remodeling of extant fibrils, where molecular collagen incorporation into and erosion from the fibril surface must delicately balance during fibril growth and remodeling. Observing molecule/fibril interactions is difficult, requiring the tracking of molecular dynamics while, at the same time, minimizing the effect of the observation on fibril structure and assembly. To address the observation-interference problem, exogenous collagen molecules are tagged with small fluorophores and the fibrillogenesis kinetics of labeled collagen molecules as well as the structure and network morphology of assembled fibrils are quantified for the first time. While excessive labeling significantly disturbs fibrillogenesis kinetics and network morphology of assembled fibrils, adding less than ~1.2 labels preserves them. Applications of the functional, labeled collagen probe are demonstrated in both cellular and acellular systems. The functional, labelled collagen associates strongly with native fibrils and when added to an in vitro model of corneal stromal development, is endocytosed rapidly by cells and is translocated into synthesized matrix networks within 24 hours.


Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Luoyi Huang ◽  
Guanglong Sheng ◽  
Su Li ◽  
Gang Tong ◽  
Siyao Wang ◽  
...  

The pore structure of shale gas reservoirs has strong heterogeneity, and the flow mechanism in multiscale media is complex. The fracture network of hydraulic fracturing is significantly affected by reservoir in situ stress, rock mechanical properties, and natural fracture distribution. At present, there is no efficient and accurate inversion method for fracture networks. Accurately describing fracture network morphology and flow capacity distribution of induced fracture is an important basis for production analysis, fracturing evaluation, and production plan. This article focuses on the hot issues of shale gas development, from three aspects: flow parameter characterization method of organic/inorganic matter, multiscale mass transfer simulation of shale gas reservoir, and inversion method of fracture network morphology and flow capacity, to introduce relevant research progress in detail. At the same time, the advantages and shortcomings of current related researches are compared and analyzed. Based on this, the key scientific problems existing on flow mechanisms and inversion method of fracture network in shale gas reservoirs are proposed, which can provide guidance for further research.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Hui ◽  
Sheng Guanglong ◽  
Huang Luoyi ◽  
Zhong Xun ◽  
Fu Jingang ◽  
...  

Abstract Accurately characterizing fracture network morphology is necessary for flow simulation and fracturing evaluation. The complex natural fractures and reservoir heterogeneity in unconventional reservoirs make the induced fracture network resulting from hydraulic fracturing more difficult to describe. Existing fracture propagation simulation and fracture network inversion methods cannot accurately match actual fracture network morphology. Considering the lightning breakdown similar as fracture propagation, a new efficient approach for inversion of fracture network morphology is proposed. Based on the dielectric breakdown model (DBM) for lightning breakdown simulation and similarity principle, an induced fracture propagation algorithm integrating reservoir in-situ stress, rock mechanical parameters, and stress shadow effect is proposed. The fractal index and random function are coupled to quantitatively characterize the probability distribution of induced fracture propagation path. At the same time, a matching rate function is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the fitting between fracture network morphology and the micro seismic data. Combined with automatic history matching method, the actual fracture network morphology can be inverted with the matching rate as objective function. The proposed approach is applied to fracture network simulation of mult-fractured horizontal wells of shale oil reservoir in China, and the fracture networks from inversion fit well with the micro seismic data. A simulation of 94 fractures in the 32 section of Well X2 shows that the well propagates more obvious branch fractures. The single-wing fracture network communicates approximately 200m horizontally and approximately 10m vertically. In single fracture flow simulation, it is necessary to consider the influence of complex fracture network morphology, but when simulating fluid flow for a single well or even a reservoir, only the main fracture needs to be considered. This paper proposes an induced fracture propagation algorithm that integrates reservoir in-situ stress, rock mechanical parameters, and stress shadowing effects. This algorithm greatly improves the calculation efficiency on the premise of ensuring the accuracy of induced fracture network morphology. The approach in this paper provides a theoretical basis for flow simulation of stimulated reservoirs and optimization of fracture networks.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Iwona Lasocka ◽  
Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska ◽  
Michał Skibniewski ◽  
Ewa Skibniewska ◽  
Karolina Gregorczyk-Zboroch ◽  
...  

This study investigates the effect of graphene scaffold on morphology, viability, cytoskeleton, focal contacts, mitochondrial network morphology and activity in BALB/3T3 fibroblasts and provides new data on biocompatibility of the “graphene-family nanomaterials”. We used graphene monolayer applied onto glass cover slide by electrochemical delamination method and regular glass cover slide, as a reference. The morphology of fibroblasts growing on graphene was unaltered, and the cell viability was 95% compared to control cells on non-coated glass slide. There was no significant difference in the cell size (spreading) between both groups studied. Graphene platform significantly increased BALB/3T3 cell mitochondrial activity (WST-8 test) compared to glass substrate. To demonstrate the variability in focal contacts pattern, the effect of graphene on vinculin was examined, which revealed a significant increase in focal contact size comparing to control-glass slide. There was no disruption in mitochondrial network morphology, which was branched and well connected in relation to the control group. Evaluation of the JC-1 red/green fluorescence intensity ratio revealed similar levels of mitochondrial membrane potential in cells growing on graphene-coated and uncoated slides. These results indicate that graphene monolayer scaffold is cytocompatible with connective tissue cells examined and could be beneficial for tissue engineering therapy.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lander Verstraete ◽  
Steven De Feyter

Lateral confinement at the nanoscale impacts the kinetics and thermodynamics of on-surface self-assembly, enabling fundamental insights in the assembly process as well as control over network morphology and reaction products.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Show-An Chen ◽  
Dang-Trung Nguyen ◽  
Sharma Sunil ◽  
Pavel V. Komarov ◽  
Viktor A Ivanov ◽  
...  

Hybrid Quantum Dot Solar Cell (HQDSC) based on solution-processed blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with PbS quantum dot (QD) is a potential candidate toward practical use for its low material cost...


Author(s):  
Jianxiao Wang ◽  
Chenyu Han ◽  
Fuzhen Bi ◽  
Da Huang ◽  
Yuanwei Wu ◽  
...  

The flexibility and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) have becoming a hotspot research for their practical applicaitons. Molecular arrangement and network morphology of active layer are important factors affecting...


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