Role of Reverse Divalent Cation Diffusion in Forward Osmosis Biofouling

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (22) ◽  
pp. 13222-13229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Xie ◽  
Edo Bar-Zeev ◽  
Sara M. Hashmi ◽  
Long D. Nghiem ◽  
Menachem Elimelech
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cation Diffusion

Novel insights into gel layer fouling in forward osmosis process based on thermodynamic analysis: role of reverse salt diffusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 105479
Author(s):  
Gaoshuang Zhang ◽  
Hanmin Zhang ◽  
Jiaheng Teng ◽  
Tianyu Gao ◽  
Xiaotong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Gel Layer ◽  
Salt Diffusion

scholarly journals Divalent cation diffusion in calcium fluorapatite

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (23) ◽  
pp. 7459-7465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor E. Jay ◽  
Phillip M. Mallinson ◽  
Shirley K. Fong ◽  
Brian L. Metcalfe ◽  
Robin W. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Cation Diffusion

Role of cation diffusion in the formation mechanism and properties of cobalt-doped n-type pyrite thin films

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (14) ◽  
pp. 4914-4924 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Díaz-Chao ◽  
J. R. Ares ◽  
I. J. Ferrer ◽  
C. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Cation Diffusion

Role of divalent cation (Ba) substitution in the Li+ ion conductor LiTi2(PO4)3: a molecular dynamics study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (26) ◽  
pp. 14471-14479
Author(s):  
Kartik Sau ◽  
Tamio Ikeshoji ◽  
Supriya Roy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Ion Conductor ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Ba Substitution

Influence of Ba2+ ordering on cationic diffusion: (a) three-dimensional low Li+ ion diffusion using randomly substituted Ba2+, and (b) two-dimensional layered type high Li+ ion diffusion using specifically ordered substitution of Ba2+.

Extracellular Calcium And Platelets

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Taylor ◽  
S Heptinstall
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Aggregation Process ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Intracellular Pool ◽  
Continuous Movement

To gain more information on the role of extracellular Ca in platelet behaviour, the movement of 45Ca between plasma and platelets has been studied. Ttoo experimental procedures have been used: platelets were either studied in plasma that contained near-physiological levels of divalent cations or were studied in divalent cation-depleted plasma.There was a continuous movement of Ca from plasma into platelets when the latter were suspended in plasma that contained near-physiological levels of divalent cations. The iptake was linear with time (2.0 to 2.5 ng ion Ca/109 platelets/60 mins) and was faster at 37°C than at 25°C. The amount of Ca taken up by the platelets increased as the extracellular Ca level was increased and was markedly inhibited by Mg. Sr did not affect the uptake. EGTA displaced only a small amount of the Ca that associated with the plater lets which indicated that Ca was taken up into an intracellular pool rather than sinply bound to the platelet surface. The relevance of this movement of Ca into the cells to platelet behaviour has not been established.Studies using platelets suspended in divalent cation- depleted plasma shewed that extracellular Ca was in equilibrium with Ca bound at or near the platelet surface. The binding of Ca was time-dependent but saturable (0.30 to 0.50 ng ion Ca/109 platelets/30 mins), and the majority was readily displaced by EGTA. The amount of Ca bound to the cells increased as the extracellular Ca level was increased but was little affected by an excess of either Mg or Sr. Mare Ca bound to platelets when they were incubated at 25°C than at 37°C. This was because platelets lost their ability to bind Ca when they were incubated at 37°C in divalent cation-depleted plasma. This phenomenon was time-dependent and irreversible and was paralleled by a loss in the ability of the platelets to aggregate. These Ca binding sites would seem to be relevant to the aggregation process.

Magnetic resonance studies of the role of the divalent cation in the mechanism of yeast aldolase

Biochemistry ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1191-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert S. Mildvan ◽  
Rodger D. Kobes ◽  
William J. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Studies

Divalent cation and lipid-protein interactions of biomembranes

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Y. Yang ◽  
Y. G. Huang ◽  
Y. P. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Activity Change ◽  
Lipid Protein Interactions

Divalent cations play an important role in the functions of biomembranes. This review deals with three topics: (1) Mg2+-mediated change in physical state of phospholipid induces conformation and activity change of reconstituted mitochondrial H+-ATPase, (2) a proper transmembrane Ca2+ gradient is essential for the higher enzymatic activity of adenylate cyclase, and (3) role of transmembrane Ca2+ gradient in the modulation of reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulm Ca2+-ATPase activity.

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