Divalent cation diffusion in Mg2SiO4spinel (ringwoodite), β phase (wadsleyite), and olivine: Implications for the electrical conductivity of the mantle

2000 ◽  
Vol 105 (B1) ◽  
pp. 513-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Farber ◽  
Quentin Williams ◽  
Frederick J. Ryerson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Cation Diffusion ◽  
Β Phase

scholarly journals Divalent cation diffusion in calcium fluorapatite

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (23) ◽  
pp. 7459-7465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor E. Jay ◽  
Phillip M. Mallinson ◽  
Shirley K. Fong ◽  
Brian L. Metcalfe ◽  
Robin W. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Cation Diffusion

Characterization and Electrical Conductivity of Electron Beam Irradiated Metal Phthalocyanine Complexes

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ashok R Lamani H S Jayanna
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Localized States ◽  
Thermal Excitation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Semiconductor Behavior ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Straight Lines

Variation of DC electrical conductivity with temperature from 273-473 K of electron beam irradiated Tetra-nitro zinc, and Cu-Pcs,   were carried out. It   shows semiconductor behavior and resistivity varies from 0.043×10 5 Ω -cm to 64.61×10 5 Ω -cm for all complexes. Variation of conductivity with temperature shows two straight lines of different slopes the first line (LT), resembles the α– phase, (Ea 1 ) = 0.226 eV while the second line at 362 K resembles the β - phase (Ea 2 ) = 0.460 eV (for Cu- Pcs). The β -phase shows higher activation energy than the α -phase, and the X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the crystals are monoclinic. The conductivity is explained on the basis of Davis and Mott model. The conduction mechanism at lower temperature is explained in terms of hoping through a band of localized states and at higher temperatures in terms of thermal excitation of carriers to the band edge.

Monovalent versus Divalent Cation Diffusion in Thiospinel Ti2S4

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2253-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bonnick ◽  
Xiaoqi Sun ◽  
Ka-Cheong Lau ◽  
Chen Liao ◽  
Linda F. Nazar
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Cation Diffusion

Polycalixresorcinarenes as Solid Polyelectrolytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
Elena Ostapova ◽  
Heinrich Altshuler
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
The Self ◽  
Polymer Phase ◽  
Cation Diffusion ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Singly Charged ◽  
Doubly Charged

The electrical conductivity of network polytetraphenylcalix [resorcinarene (I) and sulfonated polytetraphenylcalix [resorcinarene (II) in the form of Н+, Na+ , Li+, Ag+, Ba2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ cations was measured. It was found that the specific conductivity of the polymers in the form of doubly-charged metal cations was 0.2-0.4 S/m. It increased to 1-1.5 S/m when the polymer was in the form of singly-charged metal cations. The specific conductivity of the H-form polymer II became as high as 20 S/m. The self-diffusion coefficients and activation energies of metal cation diffusion in the polymer phase were calculated over the temperature range 298333 K.

Phase diagram, electrical conductivity, and cation diffusion of the system lithium sulphate - zinc sulphate

1983 ◽  
Vol 9-10 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A LUNDEN ◽  
A BENGTZELIUS ◽  
R KABER ◽  
L NILSSON ◽  
K SCHROEDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Cation Diffusion ◽  
Lithium Sulphate

Role of Reverse Divalent Cation Diffusion in Forward Osmosis Biofouling

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (22) ◽  
pp. 13222-13229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Xie ◽  
Edo Bar-Zeev ◽  
Sara M. Hashmi ◽  
Long D. Nghiem ◽  
Menachem Elimelech
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cation Diffusion

scholarly journals Electrical conductivity of the ionic conductor tetragonal (Bi2O3)1-x(Eu2O3)x

Cerâmica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (342) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yilmaz ◽  
O. Turkoglu ◽  
M. Ari ◽  
I. Belenli
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ionic Conductor ◽  
Probe Technique ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Concentration Dependences

Electrical conductivity of tetragonal β-phase (Bi2O3)1-x(Eu2O3)x (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.10 %mol) ceramic systems were investigated. The temperature and doping concentration dependences of the electrical conductivity were studied by four-point probe technique. The electrical conductivity increases with the increasing doping concentration and temperature. The highest value of the electrical conductivity is 0.013 Ω-1cm-1 (x = 0.05, 750 ºC) for the β-phase at 670 ºC and 0.57 Ω-1cm-1 (x=0.05, 800 ºC) in binary systems at 690 ºC. The phase transition which manifests itself by the jump in the conductivity curves was seen and verified by differential thermal analysis measurements. The activation energies of the samples were found to be about 0.71-1.57 eV.

Removing Substrate Background in TEM Microanalysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
John C. Russ ◽  
Nicholas C. Barbi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Organic Film ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Background Signal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Continuum

The rapid growth of interest in attaching energy-dispersive x-ray analysis systems to transmission electron microscopes has centered largely on microanalysis of biological specimens. These are frequently either embedded in plastic or supported by an organic film, which is of great importance as regards stability under the beam since it provides thermal and electrical conductivity from the specimen to the grid.Unfortunately, the supporting medium also produces continuum x-radiation or Bremsstrahlung, which is added to the x-ray spectrum from the sample. It is not difficult to separate the characteristic peaks from the elements in the specimen from the total continuum background, but sometimes it is also necessary to separate the continuum due to the sample from that due to the support. For instance, it is possible to compute relative elemental concentrations in the sample, without standards, based on the relative net characteristic elemental intensities without regard to background; but to calculate absolute concentration, it is necessary to use the background signal itself as a measure of the total excited specimen mass.

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