Short-Term Intake of Hesperetin-7-O-Glucoside Affects Fecal Microbiota and Host Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wu ◽  
Zunji Shi ◽  
Hehua Lei ◽  
Gui Chen ◽  
Peihong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Homeostasis ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Short-term effects of green tea chronotherapy on the metabolic homeostasis of mice on different diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Amorim ◽  
I.P. Daher ◽  
F.P.D. Arcangelo ◽  
M.F. Bellini ◽  
W.A. Orcini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Metabolic Homeostasis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effects

scholarly journals Enhanced hepatic respiratory capacity and altered lipid metabolism support metabolic homeostasis during short-term hypoxic stress

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. O’Brien ◽  
Ben D. McNally ◽  
Alice P. Sowton ◽  
Antonio Murgia ◽  
James Armitage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Complex Iii ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Homeostasis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Diseases

Abstract Background Tissue hypoxia is a key feature of several endemic hepatic diseases, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and organ failure. Hypoxia imposes a severe metabolic challenge on the liver, potentially disrupting its capacity to carry out essential functions including fuel storage and the integration of lipid metabolism at the whole-body level. Mitochondrial respiratory function is understood to be critical in mediating the hepatic hypoxic response, yet the time-dependent nature of this response and the role of the respiratory chain in this remain unclear. Results Here, we report that hepatic respiratory capacity is enhanced following short-term exposure to hypoxia (2 days, 10% O2) and is associated with increased abundance of the respiratory chain supercomplex III2+IV and increased cardiolipin levels. Suppression of this enhanced respiratory capacity, achieved via mild inhibition of mitochondrial complex III, disrupted metabolic homeostasis. Hypoxic exposure for 2 days led to accumulation of plasma and hepatic long chain acyl-carnitines. This was observed alongside depletion of hepatic triacylglycerol species with total chain lengths of 39-53 carbons, containing palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic acids, which are associated with de novo lipogenesis. The changes to hepatic respiratory capacity and lipid metabolism following 2 days hypoxic exposure were transient, becoming resolved after 14 days in line with systemic acclimation to hypoxia and elevated circulating haemoglobin concentrations. Conclusions The liver maintains metabolic homeostasis in response to shorter term hypoxic exposure through transient enhancement of respiratory chain capacity and alterations to lipid metabolism. These findings may have implications in understanding and treating hepatic pathologies associated with hypoxia.

Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota Following Changes in Training Volume Among Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrad Timothy Hampton-Marcell ◽  
Tifani W. Eshoo ◽  
Marc D. Cook ◽  
Jack A. Gilbert ◽  
Craig A. Horswill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microbial Composition

AbstractExercise can influence gut microbial community structure and diversity; however, the temporal dynamics of this association have rarely been explored. Here we characterized fecal microbiota in response to short term changes in training volume. Fecal samples, body composition, and training logs were collected from Division I NCAA collegiate swimmers during peak training through their in-season taper in 2016 (n=9) and 2017 (n=7), capturing a systematic reduction in training volume near the conclusion of their athletic season. Fecal microbiota were characterized using 16S rRNA V4 amplicon sequencing and multivariate statistical analysis, Spearman rank correlations, and random forest models. Peak training volume, measured as swimming distance, decreased significantly during the study period from 32.6±4.8 km/wk to 11.3±8.1 km/wk (ANOVA, p<0.05); however, body composition showed no significant changes. Coinciding with the decrease in training volume, the microbial community structure showed a significant decrease in overall microbial diversity, a decrease in microbial community structural similarity, and a decrease in the proportion of the bacterial genera Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus. Together these data demonstrate a significant association between short-term changes in training volume and microbial composition and structure in the gut; future research will establish whether these changes are associated with energy balance or nutrient intake.

scholarly journals Long-term dysbiosis promotes insulin resistance during obesity despite rapid diet-induced changes in the gut microbiome of mice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Foley ◽  
Emmanuel Denou ◽  
Brittany M. Duggan ◽  
Rebecca Chan ◽  
Jennifer C. Stearns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractThe intestinal microbiota and insulin sensitivity are rapidly altered in response to a high fat diet (HFD). It is unclear if gut dysbiosis precedes insulin resistance or vice versa. The initial triggers of diet-induced insulin resistance can differ from mechanisms underlying chronic dysglycemia during prolonged obesity. It is not clear if intestinal dysbiosis contributes to insulin resistance during short-term or long-term HFD-feeding. We found that diet-induced changes in the composition of the fecal microbiome preceded changes in glucose and insulin tolerance at both the onset and removal of a HFD in mice. Dysbiosis occurred after 1-3 days of HFD-feeding, whereas insulin and glucose intolerance manifested by 3-4 days. Antibiotic treatment did not alter glucose tolerance during this short-term HFD period. Conversely, antibiotics improved glucose tolerance in mice with protracted obesity caused by long-term HFD feeding for over 2 months. We also found that microbiota transmissible glucose intolerance only occurred after prolonged diet-induced dysbiosis. Germ-free mice had impaired glucose tolerance when reconstituted with the microbiota from long-term, but not short-term HFD-fed animals. Our results are consistent with intestinal microbiota contributing to chronic insulin resistance and dysglycemia during prolonged obesity, despite rapid diet-induced changes in the taxonomic composition of the fecal microbiota.

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Alcohol-Associated Acute on Chronic Liver Failure: An Open-label Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anima Sharma ◽  
Akash Roy ◽  
Madhumita Premkumar ◽  
Ajay Duseja ◽  
Sunil Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Severity Scores

Abstract Background: Severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) presenting as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) carries a high short-term mortality. Alteration of gut microbiota is a crucial component implicated in its pathogenesis, whose modulation has been suggested as a potential therapeutic tool. We evaluated the safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and its efficacy in improving short-term survival and clinical severity scores in patients with SAH-ACLF.Methods: Thirty-three patients [13 in the FMT arm;20 in the standard of care arm (SOC] with SAH-ACLF were included in this open-label study. A single FMT session was administered as a freshly prepared stool suspension from pre-identified healthy family member stool donors through a nasojejunal tube. Patients were followed up on days seven, twenty-eight, and ninety. Results: Survival at twenty-eight and ninety days was significantly better in the FMT arm (100% versus 60%, P=0.01; 53.84% versus 25%, P=0.02). Hepatic encephalopathy resolved in 100% versus 57.14% (FMT versus SOC, P=0.11) patients, while ascites resolved in 100% versus 40% survivors (P=0.04). Major adverse event rates, including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and gastrointestinal bleeding, were similar in both groups (P=0.77; P=0.70). Median IL1beta decreased by21.39% (IQR -73.67-7.63) in the FMT group, whereas it increased in the SOC by 27.44% (IQR -0.88-128.11) (P=0.01). Percentage changes in bilirubin and ALT between baseline and day seven emerged as predictors of ninety-day mortality.Conclusion: FMT is safe, improves short-term and medium-term survival, and leads to improvement in clinical severity scores in patients with SAH-ACLF.

scholarly journals Short-Term Overfeeding with Dairy Cream Does Not Modify Gut Permeability, the Fecal Microbiota, or Glucose Metabolism in Young Healthy Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Ott ◽  
Thomas Skurk ◽  
llias Lagkouvardos ◽  
Sandra Fischer ◽  
Janine Büttner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Men

Role of fecal microbiota transplantation in severe alcoholic hepatitis: assessment of impact on prognosis and short-term outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. S179
Author(s):  
Radha Dhiman ◽  
Anima Sharma ◽  
Akash Roy ◽  
Madhumita Premkumar ◽  
Sunil Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Hepatitis ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis

scholarly journals Abundance and short‐term temporal variability of fecal microbiota in healthy dogs

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose F. Garcia‐Mazcorro ◽  
Scot E. Dowd ◽  
Jeffrey Poulsen ◽  
Jörg M. Steiner ◽  
Jan S. Suchodolski
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Dogs

scholarly journals Fructose-Induced Intestinal Microbiota Shift Following Two Types of Short-Term High-Fructose Dietary Phases

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3444
Author(s):  
Julia Beisner ◽  
Anita Gonzalez-Granda ◽  
Maryam Basrai ◽  
Antje Damms-Machado ◽  
Stephan C. Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
High Fructose

High consumption of fructose and high-fructose corn syrup is related to the development of obesity-associated metabolic diseases, which have become the most relevant diet-induced diseases. However, the influences of a high-fructose diet on gut microbiota are still largely unknown. We therefore examined the effect of short-term high-fructose consumption on the human intestinal microbiota. Twelve healthy adult women were enrolled in a pilot intervention study. All study participants consecutively followed four different diets, first a low fructose diet (< 10 g/day fructose), then a fruit-rich diet (100 g/day fructose) followed by a low fructose diet (10 g/day fructose) and at last a high-fructose syrup (HFS) supplemented diet (100 g/day fructose). Fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. A high-fructose fruit diet significantly shifted the human gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, in which beneficial butyrate producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, Anareostipes and Erysipelatoclostridium were elevated, and decreasing the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes including the genus Parabacteroides. An HFS diet induced substantial differences in microbiota composition compared to the fruit-rich diet leading to a lower Firmicutes and a higher Bacteroidetes abundance as well as reduced abundance of the genus Ruminococcus. Compared to a low-fructose diet we observed a decrease of Faecalibacterium and Erysipelatoclostridium after the HFS diet. Abundance of Bacteroidetes positively correlated with plasma cholesterol and LDL level, whereas abundance of Firmicutes was negatively correlated. Different formulations of high-fructose diets induce distinct alterations in gut microbiota composition. High-fructose intake by HFS causes a reduction of beneficial butyrate producing bacteria and a gut microbiota profile that may affect unfavorably host lipid metabolism whereas high consumption of fructose from fruit seems to modulate the composition of the gut microbiota in a beneficial way supporting digestive health and counteracting harmful effects of excessive fructose.

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