RS5 Produced More Butyric Acid through Regulating the Microbial Community of Human Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 3209-3218
Author(s):  
Renbing Qin ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Chen Chao ◽  
Jinglin Yu ◽  
Les Copeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Lactobacillus acidophilus Metabolizes Dietary Plant Glucosides and Externalizes Their Bioactive Phytochemicals

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia C. Theilmann ◽  
Yong Jun Goh ◽  
Kristian Fog Nielsen ◽  
Todd R. Klaenhammer ◽  
Rodolphe Barrangou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

ABSTRACT Therapeutically active glycosylated phytochemicals are ubiquitous in the human diet. The human gut microbiota (HGM) modulates the bioactivities of these compounds, which consequently affect host physiology and microbiota composition. Despite a significant impact on human health, the key players and the underpinning mechanisms of this interplay remain uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrate the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus on mono- and diglucosyl dietary plant glycosides (PGs) possessing small aromatic aglycones. Transcriptional analysis revealed the upregulation of host interaction genes and identified two loci that encode phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporters and phospho-β-glucosidases, which mediate the uptake and deglucosylation of these compounds, respectively. Inactivating these transport and hydrolysis genes abolished or severely reduced growth on PG, establishing the specificity of the loci to distinct groups of PGs. Following intracellular deglucosylation, the aglycones of PGs are externalized, rendering them available for absorption by the host or for further modification by other microbiota taxa. The PG utilization loci are conserved in L. acidophilus and closely related lactobacilli, in correlation with versatile growth on these compounds. Growth on the tested PG appeared more common among human gut lactobacilli than among counterparts from other ecologic niches. The PGs that supported the growth of L. acidophilus were utilized poorly or not at all by other common HGM strains, underscoring the metabolic specialization of L. acidophilus. These findings highlight the role of human gut L. acidophilus and select lactobacilli in the bioconversion of glycoconjugated phytochemicals, which is likely to have an important impact on the HGM and human host. IMPORTANCE Thousands of therapeutically active plant-derived compounds are widely present in berries, fruits, nuts, and beverages like tea and wine. The bioactivity and bioavailability of these compounds, which are typically glycosylated, are altered by microbial bioconversions in the human gut. Remarkably, little is known about the bioconversion of PGs by the gut microbial community, despite the significance of this metabolic facet to human health. Our work provides the first molecular insights into the metabolic routes of diet relevant and therapeutically active PGs by Lactobacillus acidophilus and related human gut lactobacilli. This taxonomic group is adept at metabolizing the glucoside moieties of select PG and externalizes their aglycones. The study highlights an important role of lactobacilli in the bioconversion of dietary PG and presents a framework from which to derive molecular insights into their metabolism by members of the human gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE Thousands of therapeutically active plant-derived compounds are widely present in berries, fruits, nuts, and beverages like tea and wine. The bioactivity and bioavailability of these compounds, which are typically glycosylated, are altered by microbial bioconversions in the human gut. Remarkably, little is known about the bioconversion of PGs by the gut microbial community, despite the significance of this metabolic facet to human health. Our work provides the first molecular insights into the metabolic routes of diet relevant and therapeutically active PGs by Lactobacillus acidophilus and related human gut lactobacilli. This taxonomic group is adept at metabolizing the glucoside moieties of select PG and externalizes their aglycones. The study highlights an important role of lactobacilli in the bioconversion of dietary PG and presents a framework from which to derive molecular insights into their metabolism by members of the human gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Aging progression of human gut microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Congmin Xu ◽  
Huaiqiu Zhu ◽  
Peng Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background Human gut microbiota are important for human health and have been regarded as a “forgotten organ”, whose variation is closely linked with various factors, such as host genetics, diet, pathological conditions and external environment. The diversity of human gut microbiota has been correlated with aging, which was characterized by different abundance of bacteria in various age groups. In the literature, most of the previous studies of age-related gut microbiota changes focused on individual species in the gut community with supervised methods. Here, we aimed to examine the underlying aging progression of the human gut microbial community from an unsupervised perspective. Results We obtained raw 16S rRNA sequencing data of subjects ranging from newborns to centenarians from a previous study, and summarized the data into a relative abundance matrix of genera in all the samples. Without using the age information of samples, we applied an unsupervised algorithm to recapitulate the underlying aging progression of microbial community from hosts in different age groups and identify genera associated to this progression. Literature review of these identified genera indicated that for individuals with advanced ages, some beneficial genera are lost while some genera related with inflammation and cancer increase. Conclusions The multivariate unsupervised analysis here revealed the existence of a continuous aging progression of human gut microbiota along with the host aging process. The identified genera associated to this aging process are meaningful for designing probiotics to maintain the gut microbiota to resemble a young age, which hopefully will lead to positive impact on human health, especially for individuals in advanced age groups.

scholarly journals Variation and transmission of the human gut microbiota across multiple familial generations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Valles-Colomer ◽  
Rodrigo Bacigalupe ◽  
Sara Vieira-Silva ◽  
Shinya Suzuki ◽  
Youssef Darzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

AbstractAlthough the composition and functional potential of the human gut microbiota evolve over the lifespan, kinship has been identified as a key covariate of microbial community diversification. However, to date, sharing of microbiota features within families has mostly been assessed between parents and their direct offspring. Here we investigate the potential transmission and persistence of familial microbiome patterns and microbial genotypes in a family cohort (n = 102) spanning 3 to 5 generations over the same female bloodline. We observe microbiome community composition associated with kinship, with seven low abundant genera displaying familial distribution patterns. While kinship and current cohabitation emerge as closely entangled variables, our explorative analyses of microbial genotype distribution and transmission estimates point at the latter as a key covariate of strain dissemination. Highest potential transmission rates are estimated between sisters and mother–daughter pairs, decreasing with increasing daughter’s age and being higher among cohabiting pairs than those living apart. Although rare, we detect potential transmission events spanning three and four generations, primarily involving species of the genera Alistipes and Bacteroides. Overall, while our analyses confirm the existence of family-bound microbiome community profiles, transmission or co-acquisition of bacterial strains appears to be strongly linked to cohabitation.

scholarly journals In vitro investigation of orange fleshed sweet potato prebiotic potential and its implication on human gut health

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Muchiri ◽  
Anne L. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Prebiotic Activity ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato ◽  
Total Bacteria

Background: Some food ingredients (prebiotics) have been shown to promote a healthy gut by selectively stimulating growth/activity of beneficial gastrointestinal microbes and metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA) while inhibiting pathogens. Orange fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam; OFSP) root tuber is a starchy tropical crop and highly nutritious in terms of pro-vitamin A (beta carotene), dietary fibre, and natural sugars, with negligible amount of fats and cholesterol.   Purpose of study: The aim of the study was to investigate using simulated human gut system whether OFSP may have prebiotic activity derived from their fibre, resistant starch, and/or the sugars.Methodology: In vitro pH controlled stirred batch culture fermentation system was used to compare the effect on human gut microbiota of four substrates: two varieties of OFSP (SPK 004 and Tainung), FOS and sucrose known for positive prebiotic and non-selective change respectively. The system was inoculated with faecal slurry from six different human healthy donors from different ethical backgrounds, age, and the effectual change recorded over 24 hours by monitoring bacterial counts (total bacteria, Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium) using qPCR molecular technique and SCFA profiles by gas chromatography.Results: The total bacteria count increased by (0.92-1.7 log10) and Bacteroides genus (1.03-1.8 log10) throughout the experimental period but with no significant differences (p<0.05) between the four substrates. However, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the beneficial Bifidobacterium (1.66-2.66 log10) between the 2 varieties of OFSP and the two controls (FOS and sucrose). The levels of SCFA increased, with acetate as the predominant acid and lactic acid being the least. The OFSP purees elicited high butyric acid levels, which were comparable to those of positive control FOS.Conclusions: The study demonstrated that OFSP purees may have prebiotic potential that can positively modulate gut microbiota by promoting growth of beneficial bacteria, bifidobacterium genus, and stimulating production of SCFA especially butyric acid which is the favourable in human gut health. However, further research using more probiotic and pathogenic microbes in addition to in vivo clinical studies and compositional analysis of OFSP is needed to confirm prebiotic activity. Key words: Orange fleshed sweet potato, prebiotic, human gut microbiota

scholarly journals Sharing a β-Glucan Meal: Transcriptomic Eavesdropping on a Bacteroides ovatus-Subdoligranulum variabile-Hungatella hathewayi Consortium

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Centanni ◽  
Ian M. Sims ◽  
Tracey J. Bell ◽  
Ambarish Biswas ◽  
Gerald W. Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacteroides Ovatus

ABSTRACT Whole-transcriptome analysis was used to investigate the molecular interplay between three bacterial species that are members of the human gut microbiota. Bacteroides ovatus, Subdoligranulum variabile, and Hungatella hathewayi formed associations in cocultures fed barley β-glucan, a constituent of dietary fiber. B. ovatus depolymerized β-glucan and released, but did not utilize, 3-O-β-cellobiosyl-d-glucose (DP3) and 3-O-β-cellotriosyl-d-glucose (DP4). These oligosaccharides provided growth substrates for S. variabile and H. hathewayi with a preference for DP4 in the case of the latter species. There was increased transcription of a B. ovatus mixed-linkage-β-glucan utilization locus, as well as carbohydrate transporters in S. variabile and H. hathewayi when in batch coculture. Increased transcription of the β-glucan utilization locus did not occur in continuous culture. Evidence for interactions relating to provision of cobalamin, alterations to signaling, and modulation of the “stringent response” (an adaptation to nutrient deprivation) were detected. Overall, we established a bacterial consortium based on barley β-glucan in vitro, which can be used to investigate aspects of the functional blueprint of the human gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE The microbial community, mostly composed of bacterial species, residing in the human gut degrades and ferments polysaccharides derived from plants (dietary fiber) that would not otherwise be digested. In this way, the collective metabolic actions of community members extract additional energy from the human diet. While the variety of bacteria present in the microbial community is well known, the formation of bacterial consortia, and the consequent interactions that result in the digestion of dietary polysaccharides, has not been studied extensively. The importance of our work was the establishment, under laboratory conditions, of a consortium of gut bacteria that formed around a dietary constituent commonly present in cereals. This enabled the metabolic interplay between the bacterial species to be studied. This kind of knowledge is required to construct an interactive, metabolic blueprint of the microbial community that inhabits the human gut.

In vitro study of the interaction between human gut microbiota and herbal extracts using willow bark extract as an example

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
EM Pferschy-Wenzig ◽  
K Koskinen ◽  
C Moissl-Eichinger ◽  
R Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Willow Bark

Metabolization of the herbal combination STW-5 by human gut microbiota in vitro

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Pferschy-Wenzig ◽  
A Roßmann ◽  
K Koskinen ◽  
H Abdel-Aziz ◽  
C Moissl-Eichinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

Substrate use prioritization by a coculture of five species of gut bacteria fed mixtures of arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, β-glucan, and pectin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Liu ◽  
AL Heath ◽  
B Galland ◽  
N Rehrer ◽  
L Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Plant Polysaccharides ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

© 2020 American Society for Microbiology. Dietary fiber provides growth substrates for bacterial species that belong to the colonic microbiota of humans. The microbiota degrades and ferments substrates, producing characteristic short-chain fatty acid profiles. Dietary fiber contains plant cell wall-associated polysaccharides (hemicelluloses and pectins) that are chemically diverse in composition and structure. Thus, depending on plant sources, dietary fiber daily presents the microbiota with mixtures of plant polysaccharides of various types and complexity. We studied the extent and preferential order in which mixtures of plant polysaccharides (arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, β-glucan, and pectin) were utilized by a coculture of five bacterial species (Bacteroides ovatus, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum, Megasphaera elsdenii, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Veillonella parvula). These species are members of the human gut microbiota and have the biochemical capacity, collectively, to degrade and ferment the polysaccharides and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). B. ovatus utilized glycans in the order β-glucan, pectin, xyloglucan, and arabinoxylan, whereas B. longum subsp. longum utilization was in the order arabinoxylan, arabinan, pectin, and β-glucan. Propionate, as a proportion of total SCFAs, was augmented when polysaccharide mixtures contained galactan, resulting in greater succinate production by B. ovatus and conversion of succinate to propionate by V. parvula. Overall, we derived a synthetic ecological community that carries out SCFA production by the common pathways used by bacterial species for this purpose. Systems like this might be used to predict changes to the emergent properties of the gut ecosystem when diet is altered, with the aim of beneficially affecting human physiology. This study addresses the question as to how bacterial species, characteristic of the human gut microbiota, collectively utilize mixtures of plant polysaccharides such as are found in dietary fiber. Five bacterial species with the capacity to degrade polymers and/or produce acidic fermentation products detectable in human feces were used in the experiments. The bacteria showed preferential use of certain polysaccharides over others for growth, and this influenced their fermentation output qualitatively. These kinds of studies are essential in developing concepts of how the gut microbial community shares habitat resources, directly and indirectly, when presented with mixtures of polysaccharides that are found in human diets. The concepts are required in planning dietary interventions that might correct imbalances in the functioning of the human microbiota so as to support measures to reduce metabolic conditions such as obesity.

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