Plasma Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Lard Functionalized with Mushroom Extracts Is Independent of Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 Protein and ABC Sterol Transporter Gene Expression in Hypercholesterolemic Mice

Consumption of plant sterols/ stanols has long been demonstrated to reduce plasma cholesterol levels. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the lipid-lowering activity and anti-atherogenic effects of natural and semi-synthetic plant sterols/ stanols based on evidence from cell-culture studies, animal studies and clinical trials. Additionally, this review highlights certain molecular mechanisms by which plant sterols/ stanols lower plasma cholesterol levels with a special emphasis on factors that affect the cholesterol-lowering activity of plant sterols/stanols. The crystalline nature and the poor oil solubility of these natural products could be important factors that limit their cholesterol-lowering efficiency. Several attempts have been made to improve the cholesterol-lowering activity by enhancing the bioavailability of crystalline sterols and stanols. Approaches involved reduction of the crystal size and/or esterification with fatty acids from vegetable or fish oils. However, the most promising approach in this context is the chemical modification of plant sterols /stanols into water soluble disodium ascorbyl phytostanyl phosphates analogue by esterification with ascorbic acid. This novel semi-synthetic stanol derivative has improved efficacy over natural plant sterols/ stanols and can provide additional benefits by combining the cholesterol-lowering properties of plant stanols with the antioxidant potential of ascorbic acid. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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Plasma Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Soybean Germ Phytosterols

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11112784 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2784 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hanyue Zhu ◽

Jingnan Chen ◽

Zouyan He ◽

Wangjun Hao ◽

Jianhui Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Absorption ◽

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Cholesterol Diet ◽

Cholesterol Lowering ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Sterol Excretion ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Lowering Activity

Soybean germ phytosterols (SGP) largely exist in soybean germ oil. Our previous study demonstrated that soybean germ oil was effective in reducing plasma cholesterol. However, it remains unknown if its phytosterols are the active ingredients responsible for the plasma cholesterol-lowering activity. The present study aimed to test the effect of SGP on plasma cholesterol and to investigate its associated underlying mechanisms using hamsters as animal model. Male hamsters (n = 40) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8/group) and fed one of the five diets: a non-cholesterol diet (NCD), a high cholesterol diet (HCD), a HCD diet containing 0.5% cholestyramine (PC), and two HCD diets containing 0.1% (LP) and 0.2% (HP) SGP, respectively, for six weeks. Results showed that SPG reduced plasma cholesterol level in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it dose-dependently increased the excretion of both fecal neutral and acidic sterols. SGP was also effective in displacing cholesterol from micelles. It was concluded that SGP possessed hypocholesterolemic activity, likely by inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the intestine and promoting fecal sterol excretion.

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Plasma cholesterol-lowering activity of dietary dihydrocholesterol in hypercholesterolemia hamsters

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.046 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 242 (1) ◽

pp. 77-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Xiaobo Wang ◽

Lei Guan ◽

Youyou Zhao ◽

Lin Lei ◽

Yuwei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Lowering ◽

Lowering Activity

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The effect of cholesterol‐lowering agents on hepatic and plasma cholesterol in Niemann‐Pick disease type C

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.43.1_part_1.61 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 43 (1 Part 1) ◽

pp. 61-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

M. C. Patterson ◽

A. M. Di Bisceglie ◽

J. J. Higgins ◽

R. B. Abel ◽

R. Schiffmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Disease Type ◽

Cholesterol Lowering ◽

Niemann Pick Disease ◽

Type C ◽

Niemann Pick ◽

Pick Disease

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Several relative biological activities of d(–) and l(+) triiodothyronine

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1961.201.4.732 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 201 (4) ◽

pp. 732-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Cyrus M. Greenberg ◽

Carol A. Bocher ◽

James F. Kerwin ◽

Samuel M. Greenberg ◽

T. H. Lin

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Ethyl Linoleate ◽

Rat Plasma ◽

Male Rats ◽

Liver Cholesterol ◽

Plasma Total Cholesterol ◽

Intact Male ◽

Cholesterol Lowering ◽

Lowering Activity

d(–) 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine administered subcutaneously to intact male rats for 10 days was found to be 0.25 as calorigenic as l(+) 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. A dose of 15 µg/kg elevated the oxygen consumption of thyroidectomized rats to a level comparable to that obtained for the intact controls. When administered subcutaneously to thiouracil-treated rats d(–) 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine exhibited 0.08 the antigoitrogenic activity of l(+) 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. A parallel regression analysis of the results obtained from plasma total cholesterol-lowering tests using cholesterol-fed rats or ethyl linoleate-fed mice indicates the need for considering the experimental design when interpreting cholesterol-lowering activity. d(–) 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine was found to be 0.5 as active as its l(+) isomer in the rat plasma cholesterol-lowering test, while only 0.095 as active in the mouse procedure. Neither agent altered the liver cholesterol of treated mice.

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