scholarly journals Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhiaa A Taha ◽  
Ellen K Wasan ◽  
Kishor M Wasan ◽  
Pavel Gershkovich
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lowering Activity

Consumption of plant sterols/ stanols has long been demonstrated to reduce plasma cholesterol levels. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the lipid-lowering activity and anti-atherogenic effects of natural and semi-synthetic plant sterols/ stanols based on evidence from cell-culture studies, animal studies and clinical trials. Additionally, this review highlights certain molecular mechanisms by which plant sterols/ stanols lower plasma cholesterol levels with a special emphasis on factors that affect the cholesterol-lowering activity of plant sterols/stanols. The crystalline nature and the poor oil solubility of these natural products could be important factors that limit their cholesterol-lowering efficiency. Several attempts have been made to improve the cholesterol-lowering activity by enhancing the bioavailability of crystalline sterols and stanols. Approaches involved reduction of the crystal size and/or esterification with fatty acids from vegetable or fish oils. However, the most promising approach in this context is the chemical modification of plant sterols /stanols into water soluble disodium ascorbyl phytostanyl phosphates analogue by esterification with ascorbic acid. This novel semi-synthetic stanol derivative has improved efficacy over natural plant sterols/ stanols and can provide additional benefits by combining the cholesterol-lowering properties of plant stanols with the antioxidant potential of ascorbic acid. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

Evaluation of Glucose and Lipid Lowering Activity of Arganimide A in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Eddouks ◽  
Farid Khallouki ◽  
Robert W. Owen ◽  
Morad Hebi ◽  
Remy Burcelin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Lowering Activity

Aims: Arganimide A (4,4-dihydroxy-3,3-imino-di-benzoic acid) is a compound belonging to a family of aminophenolics found in fruit of Argania spinosa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the glucose and lipid lowering activity of Arganimide A (ARG A). Methods: The effect of a single dose and daily oral administration of Arganimide A (ARG A) on blood glucose levels and plasma lipid profile was tested in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. Results: Single oral administration of ARG A reduced blood glucose levels from 26.50±0.61 mmol/L to 14.27±0.73 mmol/L (p<0.0001) six hours after administration in STZ diabetic rats. Furthermore, blood glucose levels were decreased from 5.35±0.30 mmol/L to 3.57±0.17 mmol/L (p<0.0001) and from 26.50±0.61 mmol/L to 3.67±0.29 mmol/L (p<0.0001) in normal and STZ diabetic rats, respectively, after seven days of treatment. Moreover, no significant changes in body weight in normal and STZ rats were shown. According to the lipid profile, the plasma triglycerides levels were decreased significantly in diabetic rats after seven days of ARG treatment (p<0.05). Moreover, seven days of ARG A treatment decreased significantly the plasma cholesterol concentrations (p<0.001). Conclusion: ARG A possesses glucose and lipid-lowering activity in diabetic rats and this natural compound may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.

scholarly journals Inhibition of intestinal biotin absorption by chronic alcohol feeding: cellular and molecular mechanisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (3) ◽  
pp. G494-G501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep B. Subramanya ◽  
Veedamali S. Subramanian ◽  
Jeyan S. Kumar ◽  
Robert Hoiness ◽  
Hamid M. Said
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Chronic Alcohol

The water-soluble vitamin biotin is essential for normal cellular functions and its deficiency leads to a variety of clinical abnormalities. Mammals obtain biotin from exogenous sources via intestinal absorption, a process mediated by the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT). Chronic alcohol use in humans is associated with a significant reduction in plasma biotin levels, and animal studies have shown inhibition in intestinal biotin absorption by chronic alcohol feeding. Little, however, is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibition in intestinal biotin transport by chronic alcohol use. These mechanisms were investigated in this study by using rats and transgenic mice carrying the human full-length SLC5A6 5′-regulatory region chronically fed alcohol liquid diets; human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells chronically exposed to alcohol were also used as models. The results showed chronic alcohol feeding of rats to lead to a significant inhibition in carrier-mediated biotin transport events across jejunal brush border and basolateral membrane domains. This inhibition was associated with a significant reduction in level of expression of the SMVT protein, mRNA, and heterogenous nuclear RNA. Chronic alcohol feeding also inhibited carrier-mediated biotin uptake in rat colon. Studies with transgenic mice confirmed the above findings and further showed chronic alcohol feeding significantly inhibited the activity of SLC5A6 5′-regulatory region. Finally, chronic exposure of Caco-2 cells to alcohol led to a significant decrease in the activity of both promoters P1 and P2 of the human SLC5A6 gene. These studies identify for the first time the cellular and molecular parameters of the intestinal biotin absorptive processes that are affected by chronic alcohol feeding.

scholarly journals Silver Hull Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a Part of Nature that Offers Best Health and Honour

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-52
Author(s):  
Sumanta Mondal ◽  
Kausik Bhar ◽  
Suvendu Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Ganapaty Seru ◽  
Md. Ashfaquddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

The gluten-free pseudocereal Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (Silver hull buckwheat) belongs to the Polygonaceae family, which has a long history of both edible and medicinal use. It's a highly nutritious food ingredient that's been shown to have a variety of health benefits. Plasma cholesterol levels are lowered, neuroprotection is given, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic effects are provided, and hypertension conditions are improved thanks to Silver hull buckwheat. It has also been stated to have prebiotic and antioxidant properties. The aim of this review was to include an up-to-date and detailed study of F. esculentum. Furthermore, the potential for future research was addressed. Flavonoids, phenolics, fagopyritols, triterpenoids, hormones, and fatty acids are among the various compounds derived from F. esculentum. The main active ingredients were believed to be flavonoids and phenolic compounds. All of the information presented leads us to believe that Silver hull buckwheat has a strong medicinal potential. However, further research is needed to better understand its bioactive constituents, their structural functions, and molecular mechanisms underlying.

scholarly journals Globin Digest Improves Visceral Adiposity Through UCP1 Upregulation in Diet-Induced Obese Zebrafish and Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqing Zang ◽  
Yasuhito Shimada ◽  
Hiroko Nakayama ◽  
Izumi Matsuoka ◽  
Youngil Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Ucp1 Expression ◽  
Mouse Obesity ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Globin digest (GD), a bioactive oligopeptide derived from porcine hemoglobin proteins, has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on improving postprandial hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and liver injury. We previously reported the lipid-lowering effects of GD using a zebrafish obesogenic test. Here, we sought to evaluate the effect of GD on visceral adiposity and the underlying molecular mechanisms using zebrafish and mouse obesity models. GD ameliorated dyslipidemia and suppressed the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in adult obese zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing of GD-treated adult zebrafish revealed that GD upregulated UCP1-related pathways. Further, we performed mouse experiments and found that GD intake (2 mg/g body weight/day) was associated with lowered plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, decreased VAT accumulation, and improved adipocyte hypertrophy with the upregulation of Ucp1 expression in white adipose tissue at both the mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, these results indicate that GD improves visceral adiposity by upregulating UCP1 expression, providing a novel perspective on combating obesity.

Effect of frequency of dosing of plant sterols on plasma cholesterol levels and synthesis rate

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhad Sameer AbuMweis ◽  
Peter Jones ◽  
Alice H Lichtenstein
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

scholarly journals Management of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David T W Lui ◽  
Alan C H Lee ◽  
Kathryn C B Tan
Keyword(s):  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Pubmed Database

Abstract Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic disorder associated with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Early diagnosis and effective treatment can significantly improve prognosis. Recent advances in the field of lipid metabolism have shed light on the molecular defects in FH and new therapeutic options have emerged. A search of PubMed database up to March 2020 was performed for this review using the following keywords: “familial hypercholesterolemia,” “diagnosis,” “management,” “guideline,” “consensus,” “genetics,” “screening,” “lipid lowering agents.” The prevalence rate of heterozygous FH is approximately 1 in 200 to 250 and FH is underdiagnosed and undertreated in many parts of the world. Diagnostic criteria have been developed to aid the clinical diagnosis of FH. Genetic testing is now available but not widely used. Cascade screening is recommended to identify affected family members, and the benefits of early interventions are clear. Treatment strategy and target is currently based on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels as the prognosis of FH largely depends on the magnitude of LDL cholesterol-lowering that can be achieved by lipid-lowering therapies. Statins with or without ezetimibe are the mainstay of treatment and are cost-effective. Addition of newer medications like PCSK9 inhibitors is able to further lower LDL cholesterol levels substantially, but the cost is high. Lipoprotein apheresis is indicated in homozygous FH or severe heterozygous FH patients with inadequate response to cholesterol-lowering therapies. In conclusion, FH is a common, treatable genetic disorder, and although our understanding of this disease has improved, many challenges still remain for its optimal management.

Isoflavones enhance the plasma cholesterol-lowering activity of 7S protein in hypercholesterolemic hamsters

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7378-7386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Liu ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Lin Lei ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Lowering Activity

Effect of isoflavones and soybean 7S protein on plasma cholesterol.

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