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Neurological diseases bring great mental and physical torture to the patients, and have long-term and sustained
negative effects on families and society. The attention to neurological diseases is increasing, and the improvement of the
material level is accompanied by an increase in the demand for mental level. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a
low-affinity neurotrophin receptor and involved in diverse and pleiotropic effects in the developmental and adult central
nervous system (CNS). Since neurological diseases are usually accompanied by the regression of memory, the pathogenesis
of p75NTR also activates and inhibits other signaling pathways, which has a serious impact on the learning and memory of
patients. The results of studies shown that p75NTR is associated with LTP/LTD-induced synaptic enhancement and
inhibition, suggest that p75NTR may be involved in the progression of synaptic plasticity. And its pro-apoptotic effect is
associated with activation of proBDNF and inhibition of proNGF, and TrkA/p75NTR imbalance leads to pro-survival or
pro-apoptotic phenomena. It can be inferred that p75NTR mediates apoptosis in the hippocampus and amygdale, which may
affect learning and memory behavior. This article mainly discusses the relationship between p75NTR and learning memory
and associated mechanisms, which may provide some new ideas for the treatment of neurological diseases.