Cross-Linking Methacrylated Porcine Pericardium by Radical Polymerization Confers Enhanced Extracellular Matrix Stability, Reduced Calcification, and Mitigated Immune Response to Bioprosthetic Heart Valves

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1822-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhe Jin ◽  
Gaoyang Guo ◽  
Wanyu Jin ◽  
Yang Lei ◽  
Yunbing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Matrix Stability ◽  
Porcine Pericardium

Dialdehyde pectin-crosslinked and hirudin-loaded decellularized porcine pericardium with improved matrix stability, enhanced anti-calcification and anticoagulant for bioprosthetic heart valves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyue Hu ◽  
Xu Peng ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Xiaoshuang Yu ◽  
Can Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Valve Diseases ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Matrix Stability ◽  
Transcatheter Valve ◽  
Valve Diseases ◽  
Porcine Pericardium

To conveniently and effectively cure heart valve diseases or defects, combining with transcatheter valve technology, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) originated from the decellularized porcine pericardium (D-PP) have been broadly used...

Neomycin enhances extracellular matrix stability of glutaraldehyde crosslinked bioprosthetic heart valves

2011 ◽  
Vol 99B (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent M. Friebe ◽  
Brandon Mikulis ◽  
Sourav Kole ◽  
Christy S. Ruffing ◽  
Michael S. Sacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Matrix Stability

scholarly journals In Situ “Humanization” of Porcine Bioprostheses: Demonstration of Tendon Bioprostheses Conversion into Human ACL and Possible Implications for Heart Valve Bioprostheses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Uri Galili ◽  
Kevin R. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Porcine Tissue ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

This review describes the first studies on successful conversion of porcine soft-tissue bioprostheses into viable permanently functional tissue in humans. This process includes gradual degradation of the porcine tissue, with concomitant neo-vascularization and reconstruction of the implanted bioprosthesis with human cells and extracellular matrix. Such a reconstruction process is referred to in this review as “humanization”. Humanization was achieved with porcine bone-patellar-tendon-bone (BTB), replacing torn anterior-cruciate-ligament (ACL) in patients. In addition to its possible use in orthopedic surgery, it is suggested that this humanization method should be studied as a possible mechanism for converting implanted porcine bioprosthetic heart-valves (BHV) into viable tissue valves in young patients. Presently, these patients are only implanted with mechanical heart-valves, which require constant anticoagulation therapy. The processing of porcine bioprostheses, which enables humanization, includes elimination of α-gal epitopes and partial (incomplete) crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Studies on implantation of porcine BTB bioprostheses indicated that enzymatic elimination of α-gal epitopes prevents subsequent accelerated destruction of implanted tissues by the natural anti-Gal antibody, whereas the partial crosslinking by glutaraldehyde molecules results in their function as “speed bumps” that slow the infiltration of macrophages. Anti-non gal antibodies produced against porcine antigens in implanted bioprostheses recruit macrophages, which infiltrate at a pace that enables slow degradation of the porcine tissue, neo-vascularization, and infiltration of fibroblasts. These fibroblasts align with the porcine collagen-fibers scaffold, secrete their collagen-fibers and other extracellular-matrix (ECM) components, and gradually replace porcine tissues degraded by macrophages with autologous functional viable tissue. Porcine BTB implanted in patients completes humanization into autologous ACL within ~2 years. The similarities in cells and ECM comprising heart-valves and tendons, raises the possibility that porcine BHV undergoing a similar processing, may also undergo humanization, resulting in formation of an autologous, viable, permanently functional, non-calcifying heart-valves.

A Biomechanical and Microstructural Analysis of Bovine and Porcine Pericardium for Use in Bioprosthetic Heart Valves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Campion ◽  
Kylie Hershberger ◽  
Alix Whelan ◽  
Jack Conroy ◽  
Caitriona Lally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Porcine Pericardium

Riboflavin photo‐cross‐linking method for improving elastin stability and reducing calcification in bioprosthetic heart valves

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. e12481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lei ◽  
Gaoyang Guo ◽  
Wanyu Jin ◽  
Mengwei Liu ◽  
Yunbing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves

scholarly journals Effect of Extracellular Matrix Membrane on Bone Formation in a Rabbit Tibial Defect Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wook Hwang ◽  
Sungtae Kim ◽  
Se Won Kim ◽  
Jong Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Barrier Membrane ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Rabbit Tibia ◽  
Porcine Pericardium ◽  
Degradation Time

Absorbable extracellular matrix (ECM) membrane has recently been used as a barrier membrane (BM) in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). Absorbable BMs are mostly based on collagen, which is more biocompatible than synthetic materials. However, implanted absorbable BMs can be rapidly degraded by enzymesin vivo. In a previous study, to delay degradation time, collagen fibers were treated with cross-linking agents. These compounds prevented the enzymatic degradation of BMs. However, cross-linked BMs can exhibit delayed tissue integration. In addition, the remaining cross-linker could induce inflammation. Here, we attempted to overcome these problems using a natural ECM membrane. The membrane consisted of freshly harvested porcine pericardium that was stripped from cells and immunoreagents by a cleaning process. Acellular porcine pericardium (APP) showed a bilayer structure with a smooth upper surface and a significantly coarser bottom layer. APP is an ECM with a thin layer (0.18–0.35 mm) but with excellent mechanical properties. Tensile strength of APP was14.15±2.24 MPa. Inin vivoexperiments, APP was transplanted into rabbit tibia. The biocompatible material was retained for up to 3 months without the need for cross-linking. Therefore, we conclude that APP could support osteogenesis as a BM for up to 3 months.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural pathology of bioprosthetic heart valves with infectious endocarditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
R. A. Mukhamadiyarov ◽  
I. V. Milto ◽  
A. G. Kutikhin
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Sputter Coating ◽  
Backscattered Scanning Electron Microscopy

Aim. To study the ultrastructure of mitral bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) which failed due to infective endocarditis.Materials and Methods. Here we examined 7 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether-treated xenopericardial BHVs excised during repeated BHV replacement because of prosthetic endocarditis. After being fixed in formalin and postfixed in osmium tetroxide, BHVs were dehydrated and stained in uranyl acetate with the subsequent embedding into epoxy resin, grinding, polishing, and lead citrate counterstaining. Upon the sputter coating with carbon, we visualised the BHV microanatomy by means of backscattered scanning electron microscopy at 15 kV voltage.Results. The extracellular matrix underwent degradation and disintegration resulting in loosening, fragmentation, and reduction in the electron density of collagen and elastin fibers. We observed a number of recipient cells (macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, neutrophils, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells) within the BHVs. The highest number of cells was localized on the valve surfaces. The localization of the recipient cells on the ventricular and atrial surfaces was different. The central part of the valves was abundantly populated by macrophages.Conclusion. Prosthetic endocarditis is accompanied by the migration of recipient cells into the BHV structure, which is the consequence of surface and extracellular matrix disintegration.

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