Nanobody-Based Bispecific Neutralizer for Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli

Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC) are an important cause of foodborne disease globally with many outbreaks linked to the consumption of contaminated foods such as leafy greens. Existing methods for STEC detection and isolation are time-consuming. Rapid methods may assist in preventing contaminated products from reaching consumers. This proof-of-concept study aimed to determine if a metabolomics approach could be used to detect STEC contamination in spinach. Using untargeted metabolic profiling, the bacterial pellets and supernatants arising from bacterial and inoculated spinach enrichments were investigated for the presence of unique metabolites that enabled categorization of three E. coli risk groups. A total of 109 and 471 metabolite features were identified in bacterial and inoculated spinach enrichments, respectively. Supervised OPLS-DA analysis demonstrated clear discrimination between bacterial enrichments containing different risk groups. Further analysis of the spinach enrichments determined that pathogen risk groups 1 and 2 could be easily discriminated from the other groups, though some clustering of risk groups 1 and 2 was observed, likely representing their genomic similarity. Biomarker discovery identified metabolites that were significantly associated with risk groups and may be appropriate targets for potential biosensor development. This study has confirmed that metabolomics can be used to identify the presence of pathogenic E. coli likely to be implicated in human disease.

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W1780 Ciprofloxacin in Rabbits Infected with a Shiga-Toxin (Stx)-Producing E. coli (Stec) Srain Leads to Worse Clinical Outcome and Increased Toxin Release

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(08)63334-x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 134 (4) ◽

pp. A-714

Author(s):

Antonio Serna ◽

Chengru Zhu ◽

Amelia J. Nugent ◽

Erin K. Okeefe ◽

Edgar Boedeker

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcome ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

E Coli

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Hemoconcentration and predictors in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli-hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS)

Pediatric Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s00467-021-05108-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Loos ◽

Jun Oh ◽

Laura van de Loo ◽

Markus J. Kemper ◽

Martin Blohm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Neurological Symptoms ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Good Prediction ◽

E Coli ◽

Complicated Course ◽

Uremic Syndrome

Abstract Background Hemoconcentration has been identified as a risk factor for a complicated course in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli-hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS). This single-center study assesses hemoconcentration and predictors at presentation in STEC-HUS treated from 2009–2017. Methods Data of 107 pediatric patients with STEC-HUS were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with mild HUS (mHUS, definition: max. serum creatinine < 1.5 mg/dL and no major neurological symptoms) were compared to patients with severe HUS (sHUS, definition: max. serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dL ± major neurological symptoms). Additionally, predictors of complicated HUS (dialysis ± major neurological symptoms) were analyzed. Results Sixteen of one hundred seven (15%) patients had mHUS. Admission of patients with sHUS occurred median 2 days earlier after the onset of symptoms than in patients with mHUS. On admission, patients with subsequent sHUS had significantly higher median hemoglobin (9.5 g/dL (3.6–15.7) vs. 8.5 g/dL (4.2–11.5), p = 0.016) than patients with mHUS. The product of hemoglobin (g/dL) and LDH (U/L) (cutoff value 13,302, sensitivity 78.0%, specificity of 87.5%) was a predictor of severe vs. mild HUS. Creatinine (AUC 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.93) and the previously published score hemoglobin (g/dL) + 2 × creatinine (mg/dL) showed a good prediction for development of complicated HUS (AUC 0.87, 95% CI 0.80–0.93). Conclusions At presentation, patients with subsequent severe STEC-HUS had a higher degree of hemoconcentration. This underlines that fluid loss or reduced fluid intake/administration may be a risk factor for severe HUS. The good predictive value of the score hemoglobin (g/dL) + 2 × creatinine (mg/dL) for complicated HUS could be validated in our cohort. Graphical abstract

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Renal complement deposition in a mouse model of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli infection

Molecular Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.132 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 286

Author(s):

J. Rebetz ◽

Z. Békássy ◽

D. Karpman

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

E Coli ◽

Complement Deposition

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Prevalence of non-O157 Shiga Toxin-producing E. Coli in Children and Calves in Al- Muthanna Province, Iraq

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.37940/ajvs.2021.14.2.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 78-90

Author(s):

Ahmed Jarad ◽

Kh. Al- Jeboori

Keyword(s):

Shiga Toxin ◽

Latex Agglutination ◽

Macconkey Agar ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Bacteriological Study ◽

E Coli ◽

Additional Information ◽

Single Colony ◽

Big Six ◽

Reliable Isolation

The present study focus on non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. Coli (STEC), included a bacteriological study was subjected to provide additional information for non-O157 STEC prevalence in children and calves. Isolation by using selective culturing media (CHROMagar STEC and CHROMagar O157) from 127 children suffering from diarrhea and 133 calves in Al- Muthanna province. Characterization depends on culturing positive colony on MacConkey agar and Levin’s Eosin Methylene blue agar, staining single colony from the growth by gram stain, biochemical tests; Indole, the Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate test, Oxidase, Catalase, Urease, Motility, Kligler Iron and Api-20E, were done to confirm a diagnosis of non-O157 STEC, The reliable isolation as non-O157 STEC serotyping by specific latex agglutination test for the target non-O157 STEC (big six) serogroup (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145). The current study showed the prevalence of non-O157 STEC was 20 of out 127 (15.73%) in samples collected from children and 27 / 133 (20.30%) in calves samples in conclusion the Non-O157 STEC is an important cause of diarrhea in children, and calves; finally, the calves play an important reservoir for Non-O157 STEC.

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Prevalence and molecular characterisation of shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in raw milk cheeses from Lazio region, Italy

Italian Journal of Food Safety ◽

10.4081/ijfs.2016.4566 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Selene Marozzi ◽

Paola De Santis ◽

Sarah Lovari ◽

Roberto Condoleo ◽

Stefano Bilei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Foodborne Diseases ◽

Control Plan ◽

Lazio Region ◽

Standard Methods ◽

E Coli ◽

Regional Control ◽

Unpasteurized Milk

In recent years, the incidence of foodborne diseases caused by shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has increased globally. For this reason, within the specific regional control plan for the detection of STEC in food products in Italy, the presence of STEC in unpasteurized milk cheeses was investigated. In total 203 samples obtained from March 2011 to December 2013 were analysed, with two standard methods (ISO 16654:2001 and ISO 13136:2012). Two strains of E. coli O157 were isolated (2/161, 1.2%) but did not carry any virulence-associated genes and 22 stx-positive samples (22/146, 15.1%) were detected in enrichment cultures, mostly from ovine cheeses. Only two strains isolated from different ovine cheeses carried stx gene and none of these was eae-positive. This study confirms the presence of stx-positive E. coli and suggests that this type of food cannot be excluded as a potential vehicle of STEC.

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Novel Hybrid of Typical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shiga-Toxin-Producing E. coli (tEPEC/STEC) Emerging From Pet Birds

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2018.02975 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rosely Martins Gioia-Di Chiacchio ◽

Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha ◽

Lilian Rose Marques de Sá ◽

Yamê Minieiro Davies ◽

Camila Bueno Pacheco Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli ◽

Pet Birds

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Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)—Secreted Serine Protease EspP Stimulates Electrogenic Ion Transport in Human Colonoid Monolayers

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins10090351 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 351 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Tse ◽

Julie In ◽

Jianyi Yin ◽

Mark Donowitz ◽

Michele Doucet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Transport ◽

Serine Protease ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Ussing Chamber ◽

Adult Stem Cell ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Watery Diarrhea ◽

E Coli ◽

Electrogenic Ion Transport

One of the characteristic manifestations of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection in humans, including EHEC and Enteroaggregative E. coli O104:H4, is watery diarrhea. However, neither Shiga toxin nor numerous components of the type-3 secretion system have been found to independently elicit fluid secretion. We used the adult stem-cell-derived human colonoid monolayers (HCM) to test whether EHEC-secreted extracellular serine protease P (EspP), a member of the serine protease family broadly expressed by diarrheagenic E. coli can act as an enterotoxin. We applied the Ussing chamber/voltage clamp technique to determine whether EspP stimulates electrogenic ion transport indicated by a change in short-circuit current (Isc). EspP stimulates Isc in HCM. The EspP-stimulated Isc does not require protease activity, is not cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated, but is partially Ca2+-dependent. EspP neutralization with a specific antibody reduces its potency in stimulating Isc. Serine Protease A, secreted by Enteroaggregative E. coli, also stimulates Isc in HCM, but this current is CFTR-dependent. In conclusion, EspP stimulates colonic CFTR-independent active ion transport and may be involved in the pathophysiology of EHEC diarrhea. Serine protease toxins from E. coli pathogens appear to serve as enterotoxins, potentially significantly contributing to watery diarrhea.

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