scholarly journals Calcium Oxalate Crystallization: Influence of pH, Energy Input, and Supersaturation Ratio on the Synthesis of Artificial Kidney Stones

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Werner ◽  
Shalmali Bapat ◽  
Michael Schobesberger ◽  
Doris Segets ◽  
Sebastian P. Schwaminger
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Artificial Kidney ◽  
Supersaturation Ratio ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystallization ◽  
Influence Of Ph

Calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics studied by oxalate-induced turbidity in fresh human urine and artificial urine

2000 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. KAVANAGH ◽  
L. JONES ◽  
P. N. RAO
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Growth Rate Constant ◽  
Supersaturation Ratio ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystallization ◽  
Oxalate Concentration ◽  
Artificial Urine

We have studied the kinetics of oxalate-induced turbidity in fresh human urine and artificial urine. Assays are performed in 96-well plates, which allows many oxalate concentrations to be studied, repeatedly, in a short time. The metastable limit is defined in terms of the lowest oxalate concentration that gives a rate of change of attenuance significantly greater than the control. Interpretation of rates above this limit is based on ln/ln plots of initial rates against added oxalate concentration. This approach has a good theoretical basis, is well supported by our results and gives a turbidity rate index that is related to the product of the growth rate constant and a factor relating to the number and characteristics of the heteronuclei responsible for initiation of crystallization. This interpretation is posited upon the assumptions that second-order crystallization kinetics occur in unseeded urine when supersaturation exceeds the metastable limit and that aggregation during the initial phase of crystallization does not significantly contribute to changes in turbidity. Metastable limits of urine from healthy volunteers corresponded to a calcium oxalate supersaturation ratio of approx. 10. The turbidity rate index was higher in human urine than in artificial urine. The metastable limit, based on either oxalate concentration or supersaturation, for induction of calcium oxalate crystallization in normal human urine is higher than is likely to be found in normal subjects in vivo. The shape of the relationship between the metastable limit (based on oxalate concentration) and calcium concentration emphasizes the benefit of achieving a low urine calcium concentration. Comparison of the turbidity rate indices for human and artificial urine suggests that the role of nucleation promoters is more dominant than that of growth inhibitors.

Optimization of growth conditions for oxalate decarboxylase production from Pseudomonas sp. OXDC12 and in vitro inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization by oxalate decarboxylase

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Gupta ◽  
Shamsher S. Kanwar
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Oxalate Decarboxylase ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystallization ◽  
Rsm Optimization

Background: Kidney stones have become a common disease worldwide and their incidence and recurrence rates have drastically increased over the past few decades. Oxalate decarboxylase (OxDC) enzyme which catalyzes the disproportionation reaction of oxalate monoanions into formate and CO2 could exhibit significant potential in the treatment of hyperoxaluria. Objective: The present work describes isolation and screening of new OxDC producing bacterial strain from oxalate rich soils and one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) statistical approaches were used to optimize the production media to obtain an improved intracellular OxDC production. Methods and Results: An OxDC producing bacterial strain isolated from spinach soil sample(s) was identified to be Pseudomonas sp. OXDC12 by 16S rRNA sequencing. The OFAT approach was used to determine the effect of supplementation of carbon, nitrogen and other physical conditions like pH, temperature etc. on intracellular OxDC production by Pseudomonas sp. OXDC12. The three factors screened by Plackett Burman design (PBD) were further used by central composite design (CCD) approach of RSM to determine their interactive effects on OxDC production. The anti-urolithiatic activity of the enzyme OxDC was determined by carrying out in vitro calcium oxalate crystallization in presence and absence of OxDC. The factorial values selected by 23 CCD for OxDC were temperature 30ºC, manganese ion concentration 5 mmol l-1 and innoculum size 3.25% (v/v). The highest predicted value of OxDC was 5.7 U ml-1 while the actual value obtained was 6.7 U ml-1 which was 79.1% and 2.92 fold greater than the initial activity of OxDC produced by Pseudomonas sp. OXDC12. As depicted by the light micrographs, OxDC displayed a significant reduction in the crystallization and formation of calcium oxalate stones as compared to the control under in vitro conditions. Conclusion: OFAT and RSM statistical optimization approaches led to improved OxDC production with a final activity of 6.7 U ml-1 and a 2.92 fold increase in the enzyme activity. The study suggests that OFAT and RSM optimization approaches significantly enhanced OxDC production from Pseudomonas sp. OXDC12. The enzyme may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for hyperoxaluria or kidney stones as it significantly inhibited the formation of calcium oxalate crystals under in vitro conditions.

Phytotherapy and Herbal Medicines for Kidney Stones

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Esteban Emiliani ◽  
Adrian Jara ◽  
Andres Koey Kanashiro
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Uric Acid Stones

Background: Kidney stones are one of the oldest known and common diseases in the urinary tract with a prevalence that varies from 1% to 20%. Many phytotherapic and herbal medicines for kidney stones have been described for their treatment and prevention. Objective: The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of several phytotherapic and herbal medicines published including clinical and animal studies. Results: Phytotherapy may influence the risk of recurrence in calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. The most solid evidence suggest that Phyllanthus niruri is one of the most studied components that appear to interfere with the calcium oxalate crystallization, reduced hyperoxaluria and hiperuricosuria and increased shock wave lithotripsy efficacy due to reduced crystallization without significant adverse effects, also Theobromine have shown to reduce the crystallization of uric acid in patients and appears to be a promising supplement to treat such stones. Conclusion: Many phytoterapic and herbal agents have been studies to treat and present urolithiasis, most of them only with studies of small number of patients or in animal models. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effect of these agents in kidney stones.

Urine osmolality predicts calcium-oxalate crystallization risk in patients with recurrent urolithiasis

Urolithiasis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros A. Kavouras ◽  
Hyun-Gyu Suh ◽  
Marion Vallet ◽  
Michel Daudon ◽  
Andy Mauromoustakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystallization ◽  
Crystallization Risk

Calcium oxalate kidney stones, where is the organic matter?: A synchrotron based infrared microspectroscopy study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris H. Valido ◽  
Montserrat Resina‐Gallego ◽  
Ibraheem Yousef ◽  
Maria Pilar Luque‐Gálvez ◽  
Manuel Valiente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Infrared Microspectroscopy

scholarly journals Calcium oxalate crystallization in urine: Role of urate and glycosaminoglycans

1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phulwinder K. Grover ◽  
Rosemary L. Ryall ◽  
Villis R. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystallization

Expression of proteins that inhibit calcium oxalate crystallization in vitro in the urine of normal and stone-forming individuals

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Hedgepeth ◽  
Lizhu Yang ◽  
Martin I. Resnick ◽  
Susan Ruth Marengo
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystallization

Discriminating the formation origin of calcium oxalate monohydrate in kidney stones via synchrotron microdiffraction

The Analyst ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris H.Valido ◽  
Victor Fuentes-Cebrian ◽  
Roberto Boada ◽  
Oriol Vallcorba ◽  
Montserrat Resina-Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

Nephrolithiasis is a multifactor disease that produces nephrolites in the kidney. Calcium oxalate hydrates (dihydrated, COD, or monohydrated, COM) stones are the most common ones with more than sixty percent...

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