Genotoxicity of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Water-Soluble Oil Components in Cod (Gadus morhua)

The purpose of this study was to analyse the amino acid composition of otolith matrix protein, estimate the proportion of the water-soluble protein fraction, and analyse the effect of matrix composition on otolith visual appearance. Juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were reared under constant temperature and feeding conditions and sampled at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The amino acid composition was dominated by asparagine, glutamic acid, leucine, serine, and proline. A change in amino acid composition was observed with increasing temperature and time, caused by changing proportions of the water-soluble and -insoluble protein fractions. Feeding level had no effect. The relative content of water-soluble protein was linearly related to fish dry weight and temperature. Otolith opacity, defined as the percentage of incident light absorbed by an otolith section, did not differ significantly between experimental treatments. The soluble protein fraction had a positive, albeit insignificant, correlation with opacity. Using opacity and otolith volume, deposited total otolith protein content was estimated with an R2 of 0.91, where otolith volume alone explained 83% of the observed variation.

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Histopathological effects of crude oil on Atlantic cod following chronic exposure

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z84-298 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

pp. 2038-2043 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

R. A. Khan ◽

J. Kiceniuk

Keyword(s):

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Similar Concentration ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Flow Through ◽

Kidney Lesions ◽

Histopathological Effects

To assess the long-term effect on the tissues of marine fish, Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., were exposed to water-soluble fractions of Venezuelan and Hibernia crude oils at concentrations of 50–300 ppb for 12–13 weeks in a flow-through seawater system. Histopathological changes in oil-exposed fish included increased numbers of mucus-producing epithelial cells, capillary dilation, lamellar hyperplasia, and fusion of adjacent filaments in gills, microvesicular formation in hepatocytes, delayed spermatogenesis with intratubular multinucleated giant cells, and an increase of melanomacrophage centers in the spleen and kidney. Lesions were more prevalent and severe in fish exposed to Hibernia crude than to Venezuelan crude at a similar concentration.

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Dynamic adsorption of water soluble crude oil components at air bubbles

Chemical Engineering Science ◽

10.1016/j.ces.2013.06.057 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. 359-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mona Eftekhardadkhah ◽

Pieter Reynders ◽

Gisle Øye

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Dynamic Adsorption ◽

Air Bubbles ◽

Adsorption Of Water ◽

Oil Components

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Alterations in the Gut Microbiota of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) in Response to Water-Soluble Crude Oil Components and Its Mixture With a Chemical Dispersant

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2020.584953 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Eduardo González-Penagos ◽

Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño ◽

Daniel Cerqueda-García ◽

Monica Améndola-Pimenta ◽

Juan Antonio Pérez-Vega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Chemical Dispersant ◽

Oil Components ◽

Response To Water

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Determination of Protein Digestibility in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) with Internal and External Indicators

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f82-116 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 854-861 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

E. Lied ◽

K. Julshamn ◽

O. R. Braekkan

Keyword(s):

Gadus Morhua ◽

Distal Part ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Reference Substance ◽

Internal Reference ◽

Flame Atomic Absorption ◽

Calcium Iron

Chromium(III)-oxide added to feed was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the same Kjeldahl digest as protein (N × 6.25). The recovery was 98.0% compared with only 40.0% using nitric/perchloric acid digestion. Samples of apparent indigestible protein in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) could be collected from the middle and distal part of the intestine 24 h after feeding a diet based on fillets of saithe (Pollachius virens). The level of reference substance and the apparent digestibility of protein indicated that feces samples from the rectum representing the feed could not be obtained until 72 h after the first feeding. Water-insoluble protein from the intestine and rectum accounted for 35–47% and 27%, respectively, of the total dry matter protein. Postdefecation loss of water-soluble nitrogenous components would therefore cause overestimation of protein digestibility. Chromium(III)-oxide and titanium(IV)-oxide were equivalent as external indicators. With titanium(IV)-oxide as indicator substance, calcium, iron, and zinc present in the feed were examined as internal reference substances. The gastric ratios of protein over calcium or zinc were compared with the corresponding ratios in the distal part of the intestine. The apparent protein digestibility agreed with the corresponding estimates obtained by titanium(IV)-oxide. Estimates of protein digestibility from capelin (Mallotus villosus) predating cod caught at sea using the gastrointestinal levels of calcium and zinc as internal reference substances corresponded well with estimates from experiments with cod fed whole capelin with titanium(IV)-oxide as external reference substance. The estimates indicate that samples of feces should be taken from the distal part of the intestine excluding the rectum. Because of large differences between individuals, a sufficient number of fish should be included in digestibility studies.Key words: cod, protein digestibility, digestibility indicators, feces sampling

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Collagen Isolation from Arctic Marine Organisms and Their Industrial Processing Wastes

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v5i1.6073 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrey Baryshnikov ◽

Svetlana Derkach ◽

Nadezhda Shumskaya ◽

Kira Rysakova ◽

Ivan Lyzhov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gadus Morhua ◽

Marine Organism ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Insoluble Residue ◽

Collagen Hydrolysate ◽

Industrial Processing ◽

Soluble Collagen ◽

Collagen Hydrolysates

The results of the isolation of collagen hydrolysates from tissues of two Arctic marine organisms are presented. Extraction and use of marine organism collagen is a part of complex waste less processing of sea catches. Possible ways of preparing water-soluble collagen hydrolysates from different sources were studied. It is established that for preparing soluble collagen hydrolysate from skin of cod Gadus morhua acid hydrolysis in 0.3% acetic acid is suitable. Purification of solution by means of ultrafiltration gives a pure collagen hydrolysate with mass fraction of the main substance about 98%. Collagen of muscular skin bag of holothuria Molpadia borealis is almost insoluble in acid and alkali solutions. The major mass of collagen remains in an insoluble residue. The analysis of infrared spectrum transmission and chemical analysis of the general carbohydrates and collagen in different fractions showed that as a result of acid and alkaline processing of raw materials the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and some quantity of collagen are extracted, their main quantity was determined in alkaline extracts. For extraction of soluble collagen from insoluble residue it is required enzymatic by pepsin in acidic medium. Properties of holothurian collagen and fish collagen are different. The preparation of water-soluble collagen derivatives requires using enzymatic hydrolysis.

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Characteristic of baltic cod mince Gadus Morhua Callarias washed with electrochemical activated water with different concentration of active chlorine ions

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-117-123 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 117-123

Author(s):

M. P. Andreev ◽

V. A. Galdukevich

Keyword(s):

Gadus Morhua ◽

Pure Water ◽

Food Product ◽

Soluble Proteins ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Active Chlorine ◽

Rheological Characteristics ◽

Electrolyzed Water ◽

Before And After ◽

Chlorine Ions

The relevance of the above technological process makes it possible to reduce intensity of fish smell and taste, to improve color, to form a more dense structure and to increase shelf life of minced cod. For the first time minced cod was washed by Electrolyzed – water (EW-water) containing various concentrations of active chlorine, as well as free radicals. The influence of different concentration of active chlorine ions on physical and chemical characteristics of washed minced cod was determined. The optimum concentration of active chlorine ions was determined. The amount of removed water-soluble proteins depends on the type of water and the concentration of active chlorine in it. Pure and electrolyzed - water was characterized before and after washing minced cod. The rheological characteristics of minced cod washed by EW - water with different concentrations of active chlorine ions do not change significantly at a concentration in the range from 25 to 150 mg/l. With a concentration of active chlorine ions more than 200 mg / l, the ultimate shear stress increases significantly, the texture of minced cod becomes too dense, which negatively affects the sensory characteristics. Dependence of ratio of protein coefficient and suitability level of minced cod for preparation of high-quality food product was determined. It was found that washing of the minced cod removes water-soluble proteins, which leads to a change in their ratio with salt-soluble proteins, as a result of which the protein coefficient increases by 1.5-2.4 times. The advantage of washing minced cod by electrolyzed – water, which differs in better rheological characteristics compared to minced cod washed with pure water, was justified.

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