Creosote Distribution in Treated Wood - Distribution of Creosote in the Sapwood of Freshly Creosoted Southern Yellow Pine Poles with Special Reference to the Bleeding of Treated Poles

1936 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-480
Author(s):  
Stanley Buckman
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Yellow Pine ◽  
Southern Yellow Pine

The Effect of Variables on Laboratory Termite Testing: Part 4—Test Block Species, Size, and Test Photoperiod

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
G. B. Lindsey ◽  
T. L. Amburgey ◽  
H. M. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Wood Sample ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Yellow Pine ◽  
Southern Yellow Pine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Standard Tests

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the impact on termite feeding of wood sample size and species and test photoperiod in standard tests. Native species (Reticulitermes flavipes) and introduced species (Coptotermes formosanus) were tested in an American Wood-Preservers' Association E1 standard laboratory test. For testing involving treated wood, southern yellow pine was determined to be preferable to spruce based on its treatability and availability. Test blocks of 25 by 25 by 6 mm were deemed adequate for testing, with large blocks presenting difficulty with retrieval of termites to determine mortality and smaller blocks being consumed too rapidly by the termites in the test. Photoperiod comparisons were not significantly different for R. flavipes; however, C. formosanus indicated a preference for 100 percent darkness. Therefore, the recommendation is to maintain tests using each species in a 100 percent dark environment.

Microdistribution of copper in copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) treated southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.) related to density distribution

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhen Cao ◽  
D. Pascal Kamdem
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Yellow Pine ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Southern Yellow Pine ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between copper absorption and density distribution in wood cell walls was investigated in this study. The density distribution on layer level was obtained from two approaches: (1) calculation by using data obtained from literature; (2) microdistribution of carbon and oxygen atoms in the wood cell. The microdistribution of carbon and oxygen in untreated southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.) sapwood, as well as copper in cell walls of copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) treated wood was determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDXA). Both approaches for density distribution led to the same result: the density was higher in the compound middle lamella and cell corners than in the secondary wall. The concentration/intensity of Cu, C and O in the cell wall follow the same trend as the density distribution; suggesting that density may play a major role in SEM-EDXA study of the distribution of metal-containing wood preservatives within the wood cell wall.

Moisture adsorption characteristics of copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) treated Southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.)

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cao ◽  
D. P. Kamdem
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Moisture Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Yellow Pine ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Southern Yellow Pine

Abstract Moisture adsorption isotherms were determined for untreated and copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) treated wood at different copper retention levels. The Cu-EA treatment reduces the water vapor accessibility in wood because copper has occupied some of the adsorption sites for moisture during the treatment. The percentage of adsorption sites occupied by copper was evaluated by M t/M u, which is the ratio of equilibrium moisture content for treated wood to untreated wood. The results show that, within the copper retention range used in this study, the M t/M u value decreases linearly at lower temperatures (4 and 15 °C) or logarithmically at higher temperatures (30 and 40 °C) with the increase of copper retention, suggesting that the percentage of adsorption sites occupied by copper (P) increases linearly or logarithmically with the copper retention in Cu-EA treated wood. P decreases with the increase of relative humidity. The reason is that more adsorption sites become available for moisture at higher relative humidity. It has also been found that the influence of Cu-EA treatment on hydrated water (M h) is more significant than that on dissolved water (M s).

scholarly journals Performance of Oriented Strand Board Made with Soy Substituted Resin in Termite Choice Tests with Southern Yellow Pine

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Qingzheng Cheng ◽  
Juliet D. Tang ◽  
Chengfeng Zhou ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Lixia Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Rating Data ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Yellow Pine ◽  
Southern Yellow Pine

Abstract Soy flour was evaluated as a partial substitute for resin in the manufacture of oriented strand board (OSB), a wood-based composite that often replaces solid lumber and plywood in structural applications in the construction industry. Since the presence of soy could alter OSB biodegradation properties, termite resistance of OSB panels made with 0, 10, and 20 percent of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) resin substituted with soy flour (OSB0, OSB10, and OSB20, respectively) was investigated. Single choice tests between three types of OSB and southern yellow pine (SYP) solid wood and an OSB choice test (OSB0 vs. OSB10) were evaluated. Results indicated that termites always showed a preference for SYP, with the OSB becoming less palatable when soy flour was present. Percentage weight losses for OSB0, OSB10, and OSB20 were 5.7×, 8.4×, and 8.6× less, respectively, compared with SYP. In the absence of SYP, termites did not differentiate OSB0 from OSB10, with OSB10 showing 1.5× less weight loss compared with OSB0. Visual rating data supported weight loss data, except significantly less damage was only found when the choice paired SYP with OSB made with soy (OSB10 or OSB20). Termite consumption preference for SYP was explained by differences in water absorption kinetics. SYP reached saturation (105% moisture content) within 1 week on moist sand, while moisture content of OSB composites slowly climbed to 79 percent over 4 weeks, never reaching a plateau. Lower moisture content was due to the presence of water-repellent resin and wax in the OSB.

scholarly journals A Bid Price Equation for National Forest Timber Sales in Western Arkansas and Southeastern Oklahoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Lynch ◽  
Michael M. Huebschmann ◽  
David K. Lewis ◽  
Daniel S. Tilley ◽  
James M. Guldin
Keyword(s):  
Price Equation ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Timber Sales ◽  
Dimension Lumber ◽  
Bid Price ◽  
Yellow Pine ◽  
Timber Sale ◽  
Southern Yellow Pine

Abstract An equation relating bid price to timber sale characteristics was developed using regression techniques on the basis of data from 150 timber sales that occurred between June 1992 and Dec. 1998 in the Ozark and Ouachita National Forests in Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma. Predicted values of the real winning bid price are based on total sawtimber volume per sale, total pulpwood volume per sale, average sawtimber volume per acre, average sawtimber volume per tree, and the ratio of southern yellow pine #2 dimension lumber producer price index (PPI) to pine sawlog PPI. Sawtimber and pulpwood in these sales are mainly shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.). The most highly significant variables were total sawtimber volume and the ratio of southern yellow pine #2 dimension lumber PPI to pine sawlog PPI. The equation explains 95% of the variation in the total bid price data. South. J. Appl. For. 28(2):100–108.

Use of a Radiant Furnace Fire Model to Evaluate Acute Toxicity of Smoke

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Y. Alexeeff ◽  
Steven C. Packham
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Fire Model ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Yellow Pine ◽  
Southern Yellow Pine ◽  
Lethal Irradiation ◽  
Combustion Toxicity

The design and construction of a radiant furnace are described. Acute toxicity experiments were conducted using the radiant furnace as a fire model to produce smoke from Douglas fir (D. fir), southern yellow pine (SYP), and tempered hard- board (THB). The correlation of blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and mortality to irradiation time, smoke concentration, mass loss, carbon monoxide (CO) con centrations, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations is reported. At 2.5 w/cm 2, toxicity was characterized by post-exposure lethality with sublethal COHb ex posure levels. LC 50's (median lethal concentrations) were 59.5 (D. fir), 66.6 (SYP), and 86.5 mg/L (THB) and the IT50's (median lethal irradiation times) were 6.8 (D. fir), 6.9 (SYP), and 9.3 minutes (THB). For 5.0 w/cm 2, most deaths occurred dur ing the 30 minute exposure and COHb levels were in a lethal range. LC50's at 5.0 w/cm2 were 101.6 (D. fir), 100.1 (SYP), and 58.1 mg/L (THB), and the IT50's were 2.7 (D. fir, SYP) and 2.6 minutes (THB). Data were compared to those produced in other combustion toxicity test methods, and the advantages of the radiant furnace with continuous sample mass-loss monitoring are discussed.

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