A Comparison of the Test Tube and the Dialysis Tubing in Vitro Methods for Estimating the Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Feed Ingredients for Swine

The identification of potential novel feed ingredients requires quick and effective analytical techniques to assess their composition and functionality. This chapter provides a practical guide to routine and standard methods to detect the main traits of interest in animal feed ingredients and additives. It discusses techniques to evaluate feed nutritional value, including chemical composition and nutrient digestibility. The chapter reviews different in vitro methods for feed evaluation systems as well as assessment of nutrient molecular structure. The chapter also discusses analysis of feed bioactive compounds and their functionality. The chapter concludes with a case study on seaweeds as a potential novel feed for livestock.

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Formation of potato microtubers in vitro depending on temperature and light intensity

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp3.03.073 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 73-78

Author(s):

Yu. Lavrynenko ◽

R. Vozhegova ◽

H. Balashova ◽

O. Kotova ◽

B. Kotov

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Test Tube ◽

Tuber Formation ◽

Meristem Culture ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

In Vitro Methods ◽

Effi Ciency ◽

Early Maturing ◽

The Cost

Aim. To specify optimal techniques infl uencing the increase of intensity of potato tuber formation in meristem culture in vitro. Methods. Integrated use of laboratory, mathematical and statistical, calculation and compari- son methods and the method of systematic analysis. Results. The paper represents experimental data about the infl uence of temperature and light intensity on the induction of tuber formation under microclonal reproduction of the health-improved initial material. It proves that the decisive factor in the process of morphogenesis of plants in vitro of the early maturing potato variety Kobza and their productivity is temperature conditions for cultivation. Conclusions. Optimal indexes of productivity and economic effi ciency are maintained by grow- ing test-tube plants under the temperature of cultivation of 14–16 oС and the light intensity of 3,000 lux. The number of microtubers per plant was 1.2 pieces, the weight of an average microtuber was 262,0 mg, the weight of microtubers per plant was 363,7 mg, the number of microtubers weighing more than 350,0 mg was 20,9 %; the cost price of microtubers was 5,31 UAH with the profi tability of 201 %.

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Formation of potato microtubers in vitro depending on temperature and light intensity

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v21.807 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 57-61

Author(s):

Yu. O. Lavrynenko ◽

H. S. Balashova ◽

V. V. Bazalii

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Test Tube ◽

Tuber Formation ◽

Meristem Culture ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

In Vitro Methods ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Temperature Mode ◽

The Cost

Aim. To specify optimal techniques influencing the increase of intensity of potato tuber formation in meristem culture in vitro. Methods. Integrated use of laboratory, mathematical and statistical, calculation and comparison methods and the method of systematic analysis. Results. The paper represents experimental data about the influence of temperature and light intensity on the induction of tuber formation under microclonal reproduction of the health-improved initial material. It proves that the decisive factor in the process of morphogenesis of plants in vitro of the early maturing potato variety Kobza and their productivity is temperature conditions for cultivation. Conclusions. Optimal indexes of productivity and economic efficiency are maintained by growing test-tube plants under the temperature of cultivation of 14–16ºC and the light intensity of 3000 lux. The number of microtubers per plant was 1.2 pieces, the weight of an average microtuber was 262.0 mg, the weight of microtubers per plant was 363.7 mg, the number of microtubers weighing more than 350.0 mg was 20.9 %; the cost price of microtubers was 5.31 UAH with the profitability of 201 %. Keywords: potato, microtubers, temperature mode, light intensity, in vitro.

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A Simple in Vitro Test Tube Method for Estimating the Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Feed Ingredients for Swine

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf0345907 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 1804-1809 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David W. Bollinger ◽

Atsushi Tsunoda ◽

David R. Ledoux ◽

Mark R. Ellersieck ◽

Trygve L. Veum

Keyword(s):

Test Tube ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Feed Ingredients ◽

Vitro Test

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Anti-amnesic activity screening of the seed ethanol extracts of Turkish Paeonia taxa by in vitro methods

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0031-1282924 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (12) ◽

Author(s):

D Sevim ◽

FS Senol ◽

I Orhan ◽

B Şener ◽

E Kaya

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Methods ◽

Activity Screening ◽

Ethanol Extracts

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Analysis of antidepressant properties of some Papaver species by in vivo and in vitro methods

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0035-1565761 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (16) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

OML Bayazeid ◽

F Yalcin ◽

M İlhan ◽

H Karahan ◽

E Kupeli-Akkol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Methods

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In Vitro Studies on the Mechanism of the Antifibrino-lytic Action of E-Aminocaproic Acid (EACA)

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651238 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 19 (03/04) ◽

pp. 584-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hanna Lukasiewicz ◽

S Niewiarowski

Keyword(s):

Aminocaproic Acid ◽

Test Tube ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Lytic Action ◽

Human Plasminogen ◽

Experimental Findings ◽

Fibrin Clots

Summary and Conclusion1. It has been found that EACA does not inhibit activation of human plasminogen into plasmin by SK and UK in a concentration of 5 × 10–2 M. The activation of bovine plasminogen by SK and UK is inhibited by this concentration of EACA but not by a lower one.2. EACA in concentrations of 1,5 × 10–1 – 10–4 M does not inhibit casein proteolysis by plasmin. The proteolysis of fibrinogen and fibrin measured by the release of TCA soluble tyrosine is inhibited by EACA in concentrations of 1,5 × 10–1 – 10–2 M.3. The lysis of non-stabilized clots by plasmin measured in a test tube was inhibited by an EACA concentration of 5 × 10–3 – 5 × 10–4 M. The lysis of stabilized clots by plasmin was inhibited by an EACA concentration of 10–5 M.4. On the basis of experimental findings and data given in literature the authors postulate that the mechanism of the antifibrinolytic effects of EACA consists mainly in a modification of plasmin action on fibrin. These effects are dependent on the structure of the fibrin clots.

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The Effects of Some Synthetic Compounds on In Vitro Fibrinolytic Activity Measured by Different Methods and the Relevance to Activity In Vivo

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649018 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 28 (03) ◽

pp. 351-358

Author(s):

A.J Baillie ◽

A. K Sim

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Substrate Concentration ◽

Fibrinolytic Activity ◽

Synthetic Compounds ◽

In Vitro Methods ◽

Narrow Concentration Range

SummaryThe activity of several synthetic compounds, rated from good to poor (or inactive) fibrinolytic activators, has been assessed by two different commonly-used in vitro methods. Compounds shown to be active over a narrow concentration range in the hanging clot test were shown to be inhibitors of plasmin and trypsin in the casein-olytic test. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was shown to increase with increasing substrate concentration and apparent activity in the hanging clot test. Possible explanations and relevance of these observations are discussed.

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A Call for a European Prohibition of Monoclonal Antibody Production by the Ascites Procedure in Laboratory Animals

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119299802600414 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 523-536

Author(s):

Coenraad F.M. Hendriksen

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Induction Method ◽

Therapeutic Application ◽

Monoclonal Antibody Production ◽

In Vitro Methods ◽

Appeals Process ◽

Core Facilities ◽

Mab Production

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are particularly valuable in therapeutics and research. Unfortunately, one of the most familiar methods of producing mAbs, the ascites induction method, causes pain and distress to the animals used. In most cases, non-animal or in vitro alternatives can be employed to reduce or eliminate the use of animals for mAb production. Prohibition of the use of animals in the production of mAbs is recommended, except when the replacement in vitro methods prove to be insufficient, and in a limited number of other well-documented cases, such as an exceptional need for an emergency therapeutic application. A total ban on the use of animals for mAb production is impractical and it is imperative that an appeals process should accompany the prohibition. The need for the establishment of core facilities for in vitro mAb production is emphasised.

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In Vitro Methods for the Assessment of L-Cysteine Conjugate Toxicity

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119299402200203 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 72-80

Author(s):

Lorraine D. Buckberry ◽

Harriet J. Adcock ◽

Jeremy Adler ◽

Ian S. Blagbrough ◽

Peter J. Gaskin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Mercapturic Acid ◽

Assay Method ◽

Cellular Toxicity ◽

In Vitro Methods ◽

Metabolic Route ◽

Assay Methods ◽

Chang Liver

L-Cysteine conjugates are normally metabolised via N-acetylation to produce a mercapturic acid. However, a recently identified metabolic route (C-S lysis) may lead to the generation of an unstable thiol which has been demonstrated to be responsible for toxicity in various mammalian species. Human Chang liver cells were challenged with a number of established L-cysteine conjugates. The cellular toxicity of these compounds was determined using a range of assay procedures, which provided differing information, depending on the assay method used. These observations were then investigated in order to establish which system would provide the most reliable indication of C-S lyase toxicity and whether any information on the mechanism of action could be obtained by these assay methods.

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