Manganese Nanoparticles: Impact on Non-nodulated Plant as a Potent Enhancer in Nitrogen Metabolism and Toxicity Study both in Vivo and in Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (35) ◽  
pp. 8777-8785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saheli Pradhan ◽  
Prasun Patra ◽  
Shouvik Mitra ◽  
Kushal Kumar Dey ◽  
Sneha Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Nodulated Plant ◽  
Manganese Nanoparticles

In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Withania coagulans extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejas Patel ◽  
B.N. Suhagia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Study Results

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major issue to public health as its prevalence is rising day by day. Synthetic agents available for the diabetic treatment are expensive or produce undesirable side effect on chronic use and some of them are not suitable during pregnancy. Herbal medicines accepted widely due to side effects and low cost. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the activity of Withania coagulans extract using In-vitro and In-vivo model. Methods: Different three types of Withania coagulans extract were prepared using aqueous (W1), Alcohol (W2) and hydro-alcoholic (50:50) mixture (W3). In-vitro Anti-diabetic activity of the all three extracts evaluated using RINm5F Pancreatic beta cells.Further, n-vivo anti-diabetic evaluation performed by administering 50 mg/kg (p.o) aqueous extract for 7 days in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. Body weight of the animals was also determined to perform acute toxicity study. Results: The results of in –vitro cell based study indicated that among all three extract, aqueous extract (W1) of Withania coagulans showed potential increase in inulin release. The EC50 of the W1 (249.6 µg/L) which is compared with standard (Glibenclamide) EC50. From the results of In-vitro study, W1 subjected for acute toxicity study and the acute toxicity study results indicated LD50 of 50mg/kg. Diabetic rats treated with W1 extract at oral dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days showed 34.17% reduction in blood glucose in comparison to untreated diabetic (STZ-induced) rats. Blood glucose levels of Standard treated (Glibenclamide) and control untreated. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of pancreatic beta cell based study showed increase in insulin release by administration of extract. Further aqueous extract (W1) was potentially reduced blood glucose level in STZ induced diabetic mice.

scholarly journals Improved in vivo PET imaging of the adenosine A2A receptor in the brain using [18F]FLUDA, a deuterated radiotracer with high metabolic stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Hang Lai ◽  
Magali Toussaint ◽  
Rodrigo Teodoro ◽  
Sladjana Dukić-Stefanović ◽  
Daniel Gündel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Radiochemical Yield ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Specific Binding Ratio ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Purpose The adenosine A2A receptor has emerged as a therapeutic target for multiple diseases, and thus the non-invasive imaging of the expression or occupancy of the A2A receptor has potential to contribute to diagnosis and drug development. We aimed at the development of a metabolically stable A2A receptor radiotracer and report herein the preclinical evaluation of [18F]FLUDA, a deuterated isotopologue of [18F]FESCH. Methods [18F]FLUDA was synthesized by a two-step one-pot approach and evaluated in vitro by autoradiographic studies as well as in vivo by metabolism and dynamic PET/MRI studies in mice and piglets under baseline and blocking conditions. A single-dose toxicity study was performed in rats. Results [18F]FLUDA was obtained with a radiochemical yield of 19% and molar activities of 72–180 GBq/μmol. Autoradiography proved A2A receptor–specific accumulation of [18F]FLUDA in the striatum of a mouse and pig brain. In vivo evaluation in mice revealed improved stability of [18F]FLUDA compared to that of [18F]FESCH, resulting in the absence of brain-penetrant radiometabolites. Furthermore, the radiometabolites detected in piglets are expected to have a low tendency for brain penetration. PET/MRI studies confirmed high specific binding of [18F]FLUDA towards striatal A2A receptor with a maximum specific-to-non-specific binding ratio in mice of 8.3. The toxicity study revealed no adverse effects of FLUDA up to 30 μg/kg, ~ 4000-fold the dose applied in human PET studies using [18F]FLUDA. Conclusions The new radiotracer [18F]FLUDA is suitable to detect the availability of the A2A receptor in the brain with high target specificity. It is regarded ready for human application.

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Multiple Strains ofLactobacillus plantarumandPediococcus pentosaceusin Wistar Rats Based on the Ames Test and a 28-Day Feeding Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chih Tsai ◽  
Sew-Fen Leu ◽  
Quan-Rong Huang ◽  
Lan-Chun Chou ◽  
Chun-Chih Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Multiple Strains

Three lactic acid bacterial strains,Lactobacillus plantarum, HK006, and HK109, andPediococcus pentosaceusPP31 exhibit probiotic potential as antiallergy agents, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the safety of these new strains requires evaluation when isolated from infant faeces or pickled cabbage. Multiple strains (HK006, HK109, and PP31) were subject to a bacterial reverse mutation assay and a short-term oral toxicity study. The powder product exhibited mutagenic potential inSalmonellaTyphimurium strains TA98 and TA1535 (with or without metabolic activation). In the short-term oral toxicity study, rats received a normal dosage of 390 mg/kg/d (approximately9×109 CFU/kg/d) or a high dosage of 1950 mg/kg/d (approximately4.5×1010 CFU/kg/d) for 28 d. No adverse effects were observed regarding the general condition, behaviour, growth, feed and water consumption, haematology, clinical chemistry indices, organ weights, or histopathologic analysis of the rats. These studies have demonstrated that the consumption of multiple bacterial strains is not associated with any signs of mutagenicity ofS.Typhimurium or toxicity in Wistar rats, even after consuming large quantities of bacteria.

Validation of lactose[15N,15N]ureide as a tool to study colonic nitrogen metabolism

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. G994-G999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen P. Geboes ◽  
Vicky De Preter ◽  
Anja Luypaerts ◽  
Bert Bammens ◽  
Pieter Evenepoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nitrogen Pool ◽  
Different Types

In vitro experiments have shown that fermentation of carbohydrates prevents accumulation of nitrogen in the colon. Variable results have been obtained on modulation of dietary intakes in vivo. Lactose[15N,15N]-labeled ureide has been proposed as a tool to study colonic nitrogen metabolism. However, on oral administration of the marker, different urinary excretion patterns of the 15N label have been found. In this study, 50 mg lactose[15N,15N]ureide was directly instilled in the colon through an orocecal tube to investigate the colonic handling of this molecule in a direct way. In basal conditions, 42% (range, 37–48%) of labeled nitrogen administered as lactose[15N,15N]ureide was retrieved in urine after 72 h. A substantial variability in total urinary excretion of the label was found, but the urinary excretion pattern of the label was similar in all volunteers. When inulin, a fermentable carbohydrate, was administered together with the labeled marker, a significant decrease in urinary excretion of 15N after 72 h was found, to 29% (range, 23–34%). The effect of a smaller dose of inulin (250 mg) on colonic handling of lactose[15N,15N]ureide (50 mg), was investigated in another group of volunteers, and this time, fecal excretion of the marker was also evaluated. The results seem to indicate that fermentation of inulin causes an increased fecal excretion of the marker, thereby reducing urinary excretion but not retention in the human nitrogen pool. This instillation study shows that lactose[15N,15N]ureide is a tool with good properties to investigate the effect of different types of carbohydrates on nitrogen metabolism in the proximal colon in vivo.

In vivo and in vitro experimental toxicity study of titanium diisopropoxide bis (2–4‐pentanedionate) in rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
H. Barkat ◽  
F. Anger ◽  
L. Guillou ◽  
Y. Mauras ◽  
A. Guillouzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Study

In vitro characterization and in vivo toxicity study of repaglinide loaded poly (methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles

2010 ◽  
Vol 396 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 194-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.M. Dhana lekshmi ◽  
G. Poovi ◽  
Narra Kishore ◽  
P. Neelakanta Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
In Vitro Characterization

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of siRNA Lipoplexes: Effect of Different Lipids, In Vitro Evaluation in Cancerous Cell Lines and In Vivo Toxicity Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1630-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirav Khatri ◽  
Dipesh Baradia ◽  
Imran Vhora ◽  
Mohan Rathi ◽  
Ambikanandan Misra
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity ◽  
Cancerous Cell

scholarly journals Acute, subacute oral toxicity and Ames test of Py-mulin: an antibacterial drug candidate

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Fan ◽  
Yunxing Fu ◽  
Yuhang Zhou ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Baocheng Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Abstract Background Py-mulin is a new pleuromutilin derivative with potent antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo, suggesting this compound may lead to a promising antibacterial drug after further development. The present study is aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute oral toxicity, and the genotoxicity with the standard Ames test according to standard protocols. Methods Acute oral toxicity of Py-mulin was determined using Kunming mice. The 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study in SD rats was performed according to OECD guideline No. 407. The bacterial reverse mutation (Ames test) was carried out using four Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA1535 with and without S9 metabolic activation. Results The LD50 values in acute oral toxicity were 2973 mg/kg (female mice) and 3891 mg/kg (male mice) calculated by the Bliss method. In subacute toxicity study, 50 mg/kg Py-mulin did not induce any abnormality in body weight, food consumption, clinical sign, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weight, and histopathology in all of the treatment groups. However, high doses of Py-mulin (100 and 300 mg/kg) displayed slightly hepatotoxicity to female rats. Furthermore, Py-mulin did not significantly increase the number of revertant colonies of four standard S. typhimurium strains with the doses of 0.16–1000 μg/plate in the Ames study. Conclusions Based on our findings, our study provides some information for the safety profile of Py-mulin.

Dynamic Aspects of the Nitrogen Metabolism of Plasmodium Gallinaceum In Vivo and In Vitro

1951 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Groman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Plasmodium Gallinaceum
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