Reply to the “Comment on ‘Mechanistic Investigations on the Belousov−Zhabotinsky Reaction with Oxalic Acid Substrate. 2. Measuring and Modeling the Oxalic Acid−Bromine Chain Reaction and Simulating the Complete Oscillatory System’”

2010 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 3742-3742
Author(s):  
Maria Wittmann ◽  
Zoltán Noszticzius
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Oscillatory System ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mechanistic Investigations ◽  
Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction ◽  
Acid Substrate

Thermal oscillations in the bromate – oxalic acid – MnSO4 – H2SO4 – acetone system: A calorimetric study

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1204-1209
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Biswas ◽  
Kallol Mukherjee ◽  
Dulal Chandra Mukherjee ◽  
Satya Priya Moulik
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Enthalpy Change ◽  
Potassium Bromate ◽  
Calorimetric Study ◽  
Oscillatory Reaction ◽  
System A ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Thermal Oscillations ◽  
Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction ◽  
Acetone System

The oscillatory reaction of potassium bromate, oxalic acid, and MnSO4 in the presence of acetone in aq H2SO4 solutions has been studied calorimetrically at different concentrations of substrates. Acetone and oxalic acid have been found to accelerate the reaction by increasing the oscillation frequency. On the other hand, MnSO4 has a retarding effect; the frequency of oscillation decreases systematically with increasing concentration of MnSO4. Potassium bromate shows mixed behavior in this respect. The total heat evolved during the reaction per mol of oxalic acid consumed has been evaluated, which can be used to calculate the concentrations of the various reactants at different stages of the reaction. The effects of different electrolytes (KCl, NaCl, BaCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, NaBr, NaI, KNO3, NaNO3, and Ca(NO3)2) and solvents (dimethylformamide, 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran) on the extents of oscillation and the enthalpy change for the process have been also examined.Key words: Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, oscillatory reaction, oxalic acid, calorimetry, acetone.

Sequential Oscillations in the Ferroin-Catalyzed Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction: The Case of Oxalacetic Acid Substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
Tibor Nagy ◽  
József Szászi ◽  
Sándor Kovács ◽  
Miklós Zsuga ◽  
Sándor Kéki
Keyword(s):  
Oxalacetic Acid ◽  
Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction ◽  
Acid Substrate

Carbon dioxide production in the oscillating Belousov—Zhabotinsky reaction with oxalic acid

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ševčík ◽  
D. Mišicák ◽  
L’. Adamčíková
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Evolution ◽  
Gas Bubbling ◽  
Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction ◽  
Rapid Stirring

AbstractA new volumetric method for monitoring the oscillating Belousov—Zhabotinsky reaction with oxalic acid is described. While an oscillatory behavior in the potential of the Pt redox electrode at slow stirring without inert gas bubbling can be observed, a monotonous, nonoscillatory course was found both at the slow and rapid stirring rates for the carbon dioxide evolution. Possible reasons for such observations are discussed.

Control of spiral instabilities in reaction-diffusion systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1395-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Min Liao ◽  
Min-Xi Jiang ◽  
Xiao-Nan Wang ◽  
Lu-Qun Zhou ◽  
Qi Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Oscillatory System ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Spatiotemporal Chaos ◽  
Oscillatory Regime ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Systems ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Diffusion Systems ◽  
Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction

Spiral instabilities and their controls are investigated in a reaction-diffusion system using the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. Two spiral instabilities, the long-wavelength instability and the Doppler instability, are reported, which can lead to spatiotemporal chaos. The long-wavelength instability occurs in an oscillatory regime, while the Doppler instability occurs in an excitable regime. To control these two instabilities, two different strategies are proposed according to their defect-generating mechanisms. For the long-wavelength instability in an oscillatory system, the control can be achieved by introducing a local pacemaker, which emits stable traveling waves to sweep off the unstable spiral defects. For the Doppler instability, the control can be achieved by trapping the spiral tip with a local area of higher diffusion coefficient than its surroundings.

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

High performance Nanogold™-in situ hybridzation and its use in the detection of hybridized and PCR-amplified microscopical preparations

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
G. W. Hacker ◽  
I. Zehbe ◽  
J. Hainfeld ◽  
A.-H. Graf ◽  
C. Hauser-Kronberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In situ hybridization (ISH) with biotin-labeled probes is increasingly used in histology, histopathology and molecular biology, to detect genetic nucleic acid sequences of interest, such as viruses, genetic alterations and peptide-/protein-encoding messenger RNA (mRNA). In situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (PCR in situ hybridization = PISH) and the new in situ self-sustained sequence replication-based amplification (3SR) method even allow the detection of single copies of DNA or RNA in cytological and histological material. However, there is a number of considerable problems with the in situ PCR methods available today: False positives due to mis-priming of DNA breakdown products contained in several types of cells causing non-specific incorporation of label in direct methods, and re-diffusion artefacts of amplicons into previously negative cells have been observed. To avoid these problems, super-sensitive ISH procedures can be used, and it is well known that the sensitivity and outcome of these methods partially depend on the detection system used.

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