The Use of Iron-fortified Wheat Flour to Reduce Anemia Among the Estate Population in Sri Lanka

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestel ◽  
Nalubola ◽  
Sivakaneshan ◽  
Wickramasinghe ◽  
Atukorala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Electrolytic Iron ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

The use of flour fortified with 66 mg/kg of electrolytic or reduced iron to reduce the prevalence of anemia was determined in a two-year, double-blind, controlled trial. The trial was conducted in Sri Lanka among preschoolers between 9 and 71 months old, primary schoolers 6 to 11 years old, and nonpregnant women. At baseline, 18.4% of the preschoolers had low hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations. Neither electrolytic nor reduced iron had an effect on Hb concentration among preschoolers. Only 7% of the primary schoolers were anemic at the start of the trial and, again, fortification had no effect on Hb concentration. Twenty-nine percent of women had a low Hb at outset and there was no evidence that fortification had an effect on Hb in this group. The findings from this study suggest that fortification of flour with electrolytic iron or reduced iron was not beneficial in reducing anemia in this population. This was probably due to the low prevalence of anemia and low bioavailability of the fortificant iron. Fortification with either iron fortificant was acceptable.

scholarly journals Comparison of the efficacy of wheat-based snacks fortified with ferrous sulfate, electrolytic iron, or hydrogen-reduced elemental iron: randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in Thai women

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1276-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B Zimmermann ◽  
Pattanee Winichagoon ◽  
Sueppong Gowachirapant ◽  
Sonja Y Hess ◽  
Mary Harrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Electrolytic Iron ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Thai Women ◽  
Elemental Iron

scholarly journals Modifying effects of maternal Hb concentration on infant birth weight in women receiving prenatal iron-containing supplements: a randomised controlled trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Zuguo Mei ◽  
Hongtian Li ◽  
Yali Zhang ◽  
Jianmeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
Very High

AbstractConcerns have been raised about the benefits of Fe-containing supplements on infant birth weight among women with normal/high Hb levels at baseline. Thus far, no clinical trials have examined whether the effects of prenatal Fe-containing supplements on birth weight vary by maternal Hb levels. We compared the effects of Fe–folic acid (IFA) or multiple micronutrients (MMN) with folic acid (FA) supplements on birth weight among pregnant women with mild/no anaemia or high Hb levels. A double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted in 2006–2009. In total, 18 775 pregnant women with mild/no anaemia (<100 g/l) were enrolled from five counties in north China. During the period from before 20 weeks of gestation to delivery, the women randomly received a daily supplement containing the following: (1) FA (400 μg); (2) IFA (FA, 400 μg; Fe, 30 mg); or (3) MMN (FA, Fe and thirteen additional vitamins and minerals). Birth weight was measured within the 1st hour of birth. Maternal Hb concentration was determined at enrolment. Among women with normal (≤132 g/l) or high (133–145 g/l) baseline Hb levels, IFA or MMN supplementation had no effect on birth weight. Among women with very high (>145 g/l) baseline Hb levels, IFA and MMN supplements increased birth weight by 91·44 (95 % CI 3·37, 179·51) g and 107·63 (95 % CI 21·98, 193·28) g (P<0·05), respectively, compared with the FA group. No differences were found between the IFA and the MMN group, regardless of maternal Hb concentration. In conclusion, the effects of Fe-containing supplements on birth weight depended on baseline Hb concentrations. The Fe-containing supplements improved birth weight in women with very high Hb levels before 20 weeks of gestation.

scholarly journals Effects of wheat-flour biscuits fortified with iron and EDTA, alone and in combination, on blood lead concentration, iron status, and cognition in children: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raschida R Bouhouch ◽  
Sana El-Fadeli ◽  
Maria Andersson ◽  
Abdelmounaim Aboussad ◽  
Laila Chabaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Concentration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Iron fortification reduces blood lead levels in children: a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial in Bangalore, India

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bruce Zimmermann ◽  
Sumithra Muthayya ◽  
Diego Moretti ◽  
Anura Kurpad ◽  
Richard Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lead Levels

scholarly journals Addition of microencapsulated iron to iodized salt improves the efficacy of iodine in goitrous, iron-deficient children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial

2002 ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Zimmermann ◽  
C Zeder ◽  
N Chaouki ◽  
T Torresani ◽  
A Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Thyroid Metabolism ◽  
Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

OBJECTIVE: In many developing countries, children are at high risk for both goiter and anemia. Iron (Fe) deficiency adversely effects thyroid metabolism and reduces efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in areas of endemic goiter. The study aim was to determine if co-fortification of iodized salt with Fe would improve efficacy of the iodine in goitrous children with a high prevalence of anemia. DESIGN AND METHODS: In a 9-month, randomized, double-blind trial, 6-15 year-old children (n=377) were given iodized salt (25 microg iodine/g salt) or dual-fortified salt with iodine (25 microg iodine/g salt) and Fe (1 mg Fe/g salt, as ferrous sulfate microencapsulated with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil). RESULTS: In the dual-fortified salt group, hemoglobin and Fe status improved significantly compared with the iodized salt group (P<0.05). At 40 weeks, the mean decrease in thyroid volume measured by ultrasound in the dual-fortified salt group (-38%) was twice that of the iodized salt group (-18%) (P<0.01). Compared with the iodized salt group, serum thyroxine was significantly increased (P<0.05) and the prevalence of hypothyroidism and goiter decreased (P<0.01) in the dual-fortified salt group. CONCLUSION: Addition of encapsulated Fe to iodized salt improves the efficacy of iodine in goitrous children with a high prevalence of anemia.

scholarly journals Biofortification of wheat with zinc for eliminating deficiency in Pakistan: study protocol for a cluster-randomised, double-blind, controlled effectiveness study (BIZIFED2)

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e039231
Author(s):  
Nicola M Lowe ◽  
Mukhtiar Zaman ◽  
Victoria Hall Moran ◽  
Heather Ohly ◽  
Jonathan Sinclair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionMicronutrient deficiencies, commonly referred to as ‘hidden hunger’, affect more than two billion people worldwide, with zinc and iron-deficiency frequently reported. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of consuming zinc biofortified flour (Zincol-2016) on biochemical and functional measures of status in adolescent girls and children living in a low-resource setting in Pakistan.Methods and analysisWe are conducting a pragmatic, cluster-randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. A total of 482 households have been recruited from two catchment areas approximately 30–40 km distance from Peshawar. Household inclusion criteria are the presence of both an adolescent girl, aged 10–16 years, and a child aged 1–5 years. The study duration is 12 months, divided into two 6-month phases. During phase 1, all households will be provided with locally procured flour from standard varieties of wheat. During phase 2, clusters will be paired, and randomised to either the control or intervention arm of the study. The intervention arm will be provided with zinc biofortified wheat flour, with a target zinc concentration of 40 mg/kg. The control arm will be provided with locally procured wheat flour from standard varieties with an expected zinc concentration of 20 mg/kg. The primary outcome measure is plasma zinc concentration. Secondary outcomes include anthropometric measurements, biomarkers of iron and zinc status, and the presence and duration of respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted from the University of Central Lancashire STEMH Ethics Committee (reference number: STEMH 1014) and Khyber Medical University Ethics Committee (DIR/KMU-EB/BZ/000683). The final study methods will be published in peer-reviewed journals, alongside the study outcomes. In addition, findings will be disseminated to the scientific community via conference presentations and abstracts and communicated to the study participants through the village elders at an appropriate community forum.Trial registration numberISRCTN17107812; Pre-results.

scholarly journals The impact of replacing wheat flour with cellular legume powder on starch bioaccessibility, glycaemic response and bread roll quality: A double-blind randomised controlled trial in healthy participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 106565
Author(s):  
Balazs H. Bajka ◽  
Ana M. Pinto ◽  
Jennifer Ahn-Jarvis ◽  
Peter Ryden ◽  
Natalia Perez-Moral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bread Roll ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Participants

Clinical efficacy of specific immunotherapy to cat dander: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 860-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. VARNEY ◽  
J. EDWARDS ◽  
K. TABBAH ◽  
H. BREWSTER ◽  
G. MAVROLEON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

Baclofen versus clonidine in the treatment of opiates withdrawal, side-effects aspect: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ahmadi-Abhari ◽  
S. Akhondzadeh ◽  
S. M. Assadi ◽  
O. L. Shabestari ◽  
Z. M. Farzanehgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled
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