Groundwater Iron Assessment and Consumption by Women in Rural Northwestern Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Merrill ◽  
A. Shamim ◽  
Ali ◽  
Jahan ◽  
B. Labrique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Northwestern Bangladesh ◽  
Local Water ◽  
The Impact

In Bangladesh, approximately 97 % of the rural population uses groundwater as a drinking source. In many areas of the country this water is known to have elevated levels of iron. The contribution to iron intake that this exposure provides, and the impact on health, are unknown. In the pre- and post-monsoon seasons of 2008, we measured iron content of household tube well water, explored local water collection methods, and estimated iron intake through consumption of groundwater for 276 women of reproductive age in a rural setting in northwestern Bangladesh. Groundwater samples were analyzed for total iron (mg/L), arsenic (category of µg/L), pH, temperature (oC), and oxidation-reduction potential (Eh). Participants drank [mean (SD); 2.7 (0.8) L] of water per day, all of which was collected from domestic tube wells. Total iron concentration in groundwater was high, [median (IQR) 16.3 (6.9, 28.2) mg/L], and variable throughout the area. Using this value, estimated daily iron intake [median (IQR)] was 41.1 (16.0, 71.0) mg from drinking water alone. The amount of water consumed was unrelated to its iron concentration (r = - 0.06; p = 0.33) despite potentially unpleasant organoleptic qualities of high iron content in water. Groundwater contributes substantially to daily iron intake of rural Bangladeshi women and currently represents an under-assessed potential source of dietary iron.

THE IMPACT OF WIND CONDITIONS ON THE LEVELS OF TOTAL IRON CONTENT IN THE SEA OF AZOV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Fedorov ◽  
Yuri Fedorov ◽  
Irina Dotsenko ◽  
Irina Dotsenko ◽  
Leonid Dmitrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
Open Area ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
Dissolved Iron ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Taganrog Bay

The distribution and behavior of certain of trace elements in sea water is greatly affected by both physical, chemical and hydrometeorological conditions that are showed in the scientific works of prof. Yu.A. Fedorov with coauthors (1999-2015). Due to the shallow waters last factor is one of the dominant, during the different wind situation changes significantly the dynamics of water masses and interaction in the system “water – suspended matter – bottom sediments”.Therefore, the study of the behavior of the total iron in the water of the sea at different wind situation is relevant. The content of dissolved iron forms migration in The Sea of Azov water (open area) varies from 0.017 to 0.21 mg /dm3 (mean 0.053 mg /dm3) and in Taganrog Bay from 0.035 to 0.58 mg /dm3 (mean 0.11 mg /dm3) and it is not depending on weather conditions.The reduction in the overall iron concentration in the direction of the Taganrog Bay → The Sea of Azov (open area) is observed on average more than twice. The dissolved iron content exceeding TLV levels and their frequency of occurrence in the estuary, respectively, were higher compared with The Sea of Azov (open area).There is an increase in the overall iron concentration in the water of the Azov Sea on average 1.5 times during the storm conditions, due to the destruction of the structure of the upper layer and resuspension of bottom sediments, intensifying the transition of iron compounds in the solution.

THE IMPACT OF WIND CONDITIONS ON THE LEVELS OF TOTAL IRON CONTENT IN THE SEA OF AZOV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Fedorov ◽  
Yuri Fedorov ◽  
Irina Dotsenko ◽  
Irina Dotsenko ◽  
Leonid Dmitrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
Open Area ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
Dissolved Iron ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Taganrog Bay

The distribution and behavior of certain of trace elements in sea water is greatly affected by both physical, chemical and hydrometeorological conditions that are showed in the scientific works of prof. Yu.A. Fedorov with coauthors (1999-2015). Due to the shallow waters last factor is one of the dominant, during the different wind situation changes significantly the dynamics of water masses and interaction in the system “water – suspended matter – bottom sediments”.Therefore, the study of the behavior of the total iron in the water of the sea at different wind situation is relevant. The content of dissolved iron forms migration in The Sea of Azov water (open area) varies from 0.017 to 0.21 mg /dm3 (mean 0.053 mg /dm3) and in Taganrog Bay from 0.035 to 0.58 mg /dm3 (mean 0.11 mg /dm3) and it is not depending on weather conditions.The reduction in the overall iron concentration in the direction of the Taganrog Bay → The Sea of Azov (open area) is observed on average more than twice. The dissolved iron content exceeding TLV levels and their frequency of occurrence in the estuary, respectively, were higher compared with The Sea of Azov (open area).There is an increase in the overall iron concentration in the water of the Azov Sea on average 1.5 times during the storm conditions, due to the destruction of the structure of the upper layer and resuspension of bottom sediments, intensifying the transition of iron compounds in the solution.

scholarly journals Dietary iron intake and anemia: Food frequency questionnaire in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Cavalcoli ◽  
Alberto Gandini ◽  
Irene Aglaia Matelloni ◽  
Francesca Catalano ◽  
Saverio Alicante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Modifications

Abstract Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a multisystemic inherited vascular disease characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and prognosis. Dietary evaluation is relevant in HHT patients to provide adequate iron and nutrient intake. Additionally, different dietary items have been reported to precipitate epistaxis in this setting. Our primary aim was to investigate the dietary habits of HHT patients through a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to evaluate the presence of precipitants and/or protective factors for epistaxis and the occurrence of possible dietary modifications. The secondary aims were to evaluate the nutritional intake of iron in HHT patients and the self-reported effect of iron treatments on epistaxis.From April 2018 to October 2018, a 138-item FFQ was provided to HHT patients followed up at the HHT Referral Center of Crema Maggiore Hospital. The relationship between food items and epistaxis was ascertained on a separate form. Daily iron intake was calculated to establish the mean iron content of food items reported in the FFQ.Results: One hundred forty-nine questionnaires were evaluated [72 females, median age 54 years (12-76). Overall, 26 (18%) patients reported dietary items that improved epistaxis (mostly blueberries and red fruits, green vegetables and legumes), while 38 (26%) reported some dietary items that exacerbated epistaxis (spices, chocolate, alcohol, strawberries and ginger). Dietary modifications were reported in up to 58% of cases. In HHT patients, the mean daily iron intake was 8.46 ± 2.78 mg, and no differences were observed in the iron intake of patients reporting a diet modification and those who did not.Conclusions: Dietary evaluation is advisable in the management of HHT patients. HHT patients should be encouraged to follow a healthy and balanced diet with increased consumption of dietary items with a high iron content.

scholarly journals Dietary iron intake and anemia: Food frequency questionnaire in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Cavalcoli ◽  
Alberto Gandini ◽  
Irene Aglaia Matelloni ◽  
Francesca Catalano ◽  
Saverio Alicante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Modifications

Abstract Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a multisystemic inherited vascular disease characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and prognosis. Dietary evaluation is relevant in HHT patients to provide adequate iron and nutrient intake. Additionally, different dietary items have been reported to precipitate epistaxis in this setting.Our primary aim was to investigate the dietary habits of HHT patients through a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to evaluate the presence of precipitants and/or protective factors for epistaxis and the occurrence of possible dietary modifications. The secondary aims were to evaluate the nutritional intake of iron in HHT patients and the self-reported effect of iron treatments on epistaxis.From April 2018 to October 2018, a 138-item FFQ was provided to HHT patients followed up at the HHT Referral Center of Crema Maggiore Hospital. The relationship between food items and epistaxis was ascertained on a separate form. Daily iron intake was calculated to establish the mean iron content of food items reported in the FFQ.Results: One hundred forty-nine questionnaires were evaluated [72 females, median age 54 years (12-76). Overall, 26 (18%) patients reported dietary items that improved epistaxis (mostly blueberries and red fruits, green vegetables and legumes), while 38 (26%) reported some dietary items that exacerbated epistaxis (spices, chocolate, alcohol, strawberries and ginger). Dietary modifications were reported in up to 58% of cases. In HHT patients, the mean daily iron intake was 8.46 ± 2.78 mg, and no differences were observed in the iron intake of patients reporting a diet modification and those who did not.Conclusions: In the comprehensive management of HHT a healthy and balanced diet, with increased consumption of dietary items with a high iron content, should be encouraged.

Impact on Iron Removal of Dose Reduction for Non-Progressive Serum Creatinine Increases during Treatment with the Once-Daily, Oral Iron Chelator Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670).

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3824-3824 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gattermann ◽  
N. Zoumbos ◽  
E. Angelucci ◽  
G. Drelichman ◽  
J. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Iron Removal ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Elevated Creatinine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Iron Excretion

Abstract Introduction: During the deferasirox clinical development program, mild, non-progressive increases in serum creatinine >33% above baseline were observed in around one-third of patients receiving the chelator. Most increases resolved spontaneously, while the rest were managed by dose reduction. This post-hoc analysis evaluates the impact on efficacy of reducing deferasirox dose following increases in serum creatinine during 1-year core trials. Methods: Patients with a range of transfusion-dependent anemias, including β-thalassemia, sickle cell disease, myelodysplastic syndromes and other anemias, were enrolled into four trials. Creatinine and creatinine clearance levels were assessed monthly, and liver iron concentration (LIC) was measured at baseline and study end. Results: In total, 652 patients received treatment with deferasirox. Non-progressive creatinine increases >33% above baseline were noted in 237 (36.3%) patients, although these increases rarely exceeded the upper limit of normal (4.4%). These non-progressive increases generally occurred early, were dose- and iron intake-dependent, and were consistent across all ages and underlying anemias. Creatinine levels spontaneously reduced in 169 patients (71.3%); the remainder (n=68, 28.7%) underwent dose reduction by 5–10 mg/kg/day. Patients receiving high versus low doses and with low (<7 mL RBC/kg/month) versus high (>14 mL RBC/kg/month) transfusion rates tended to have the greatest and most rapid reductions in LIC. This greater velocity of iron removal tended to result in elevated creatinine levels. Patients with elevated creatinine who required dose reduction actually had more pronounced reductions in LIC than patients with no creatinine increase or with a creatinine increase that did not require dose reduction (Table). Change from baseline in LIC (mg Fe/g dw) by creatinine levels Initial dose, mg/kg/day No creatinine increase (n=415) Creatinine increase (n=237) No dose reduction (n=169) Dose reduction (n=68) All Iron intake, mg/kg/day 0.35 ± 0.15 0.34 ± 0.13 0.30 ± 0.11 All Median 0.4 −3.2 −6.9 Range (−24.9–15.0) (−42.2–10.8) (−21.6–5.0) 5 Median 4.9 2.1 0.8 Range (−1.0–11.4) (2.1) (0.8) 10 Median 1.3 0.2 −1.0 Range (−11.8–15.0) (−7.3–10.8) (−2.1–3.6) 20 Median 0.0 −1.9 −3.9 Range (−9.4–10.3) (−10.3–6.5) (−10.6–1.1) 30 Median −5.7 −9.9 −9.3 Range (−24.9–13.3) (−42.2–8.6) (−21.6–5.0) Non-progressive increases in creatinine were more commonly observed in patients with an iron excretion/intake ratio >1.5 (14%) than in those with a ratio 1−1.5 (11%) or <1 (9%). Conclusions: An early-onset, non-progressive, dose- and iron intake-dependent increase in creatinine has been observed in around one-third of patients receiving deferasirox. Most of these increases resolved spontaneously, while the rest were manageable with dose reduction. As decreases in LIC were generally greatest in patients with increased creatinine levels, supported by the iron excretion/intake ratios, it is hypothesized that excessively rapid iron removal may modify renal hemodynamics. A reduction in deferasirox dose maintained efficacy, but allowed the dose to be tailored so that iron was removed at a rate appropriate for an individual patient.

Impact of Dose Adjustments on Serum Ferritin (SF) Levels during Long-Term Treatment with Once-Daily, Oral Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670).

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2778-2778 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Porter ◽  
Alan R. Cohen ◽  
John M. Ford ◽  
Maria Domenica Cappellini
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Subsequent Dose ◽  
Body Iron ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: In deferasirox 1-yr core trials, doses were initially assigned according to baseline liver iron concentration. However, these trials demonstrated that transfusional iron intake has a profound impact on the outcome of chelation therapy and should therefore be considered when assigning deferasirox dose. A large number of patients (pts) were initially assigned 5 and 10 mg/kg/d doses, which were insufficient to balance iron intake from ongoing transfusions. Generally, deferasirox 20/30 mg/kg/d effectively maintained/reduced body iron. This analysis from the 4-yr extension trials evaluates the impact on serum ferritin (SF) of subsequent dose increases in pts who initially received 5/10 mg/kg/d, and the long-term effects of 20 and 30 mg/kg/d doses. Methods: Data for this analysis were pooled from 4 extension trials (106–109E). In the extensions, deferasirox doses were modified based on efficacy and safety markers, including iron burden and transfusional iron intake. SF was measured monthly. Results: In total, 227 pts initially received deferasirox 5 or 10 mg/kg/d, while 182 and 243 received 20 and 30 mg/kg/d, respectively. Underlying diseases included β-thalassemia (n=421), sickle cell disease (n=132), MDS (n=47) and other anemias (n=52). To date, pts have been receiving treatment for a median 3.4 (range: 0–4.5) yrs. Overall, median SF was maintained in the 20 mg/kg/d cohort (Table). In the 30 mg/kg/d cohort, SF levels decreased overall from baseline to month 42 (3734 ng/mL to 2025 ng/mL). However, levels plateaued at around 24 mos in this cohort, reflecting a decrease in mean dose to around 25 mg/kg/d. Median baseline SF in the 5/10 mg/kg/d dose group was 2051 ng/mL, which steadily increased during the first 18 mos of treatment. Subsequent dose increases during the extension phase generally resulted in decreased SF levels, which returned to baseline and below during the remainder of the study. Conclusions: In regularly transfused pts who initially received deferasirox 5/10 mg/kg/d in the core 1-yr clinical trials, SF steadily decreased below baseline once doses were increased to an appropriate level in the extensions. This highlights the importance of ensuring that pts receive the correct deferasirox dose to achieve the goal of therapy, based on iron burden and transfusional iron intake. If a pt is not achieving their therapeutic goal based on SF trends, deferasirox dose should be increased in steps of 5 or 10 mg/kg/d. This analysis confirms that deferasirox 30 mg/kg/d effectively reduces body iron, whereas doses of 20–25 mg/kg/d are generally effective in maintaining iron levels. Median change from baseline in SF (ng/mL) during deferasirox treatment of up to 3.4 years Initial dose, mg/kg/d 5/10 (n=227*) 20 (n=182*) 30 (n=243*) Month Mean dose ± SD† Change in SF (ng/mL) Mean dose ± SD† Change in SF (ng/mL) Mean dose ± SD† Change in SF (ng/mL) *Baseline; †At time point Baseline 2051 2375 3734 1 9.4 ± 1.7 90 19.5 ± 2.6 30 29.2 ± 4.3 −212 6 10.3 ± 3.9 399 18.9 ± 3.5 −15 28.2 ± 5.7 −532 12 13.0 ± 5.4 613 19.0 ± 4.0 −118 26.8 ± 6.6 −716 18 18.5 ± 6.7 831 18.2 ± 7.7 174 23.1 ± 8.6 −676 24 21.7 ± 6.6 635 21.5 ± 6.5 −125 24.5 ± 7.6 −901 30 22.6 ± 7.0 317 22.0 ± 8.5 −205 24.4 ± 8.0 −959 36 21.1 ± 8.7 −211 22.8 ± 7.7 −159 24.3 ± 8.5 −1002 42 21.8 ± 9.3 −65 23.2 ± 8.2 −204 25.8 ± 9.8 −955 EOS 1345 1667 2025

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Iron Content Detection by Energy Spectral CT and MRI in MDS Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Chao Xiao ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Lu-xi Song ◽  
You-shan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Cardiac Iron ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spectral Computed Tomography ◽  
The Difference

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the difference between dual energy spectral computed tomography (DECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used to detect liver/cardiac iron content in Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients with differently adjusted serum ferritin (ASF) levels.Method: Liver and cardiac iron content were detected by DECT and MRI. Patients were divided into different subgroups according to the level of ASF. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was applied in each subgroup. The correlation between iron content detected by DECT/MRI and ASF was analyzed in each subgroup.Result: ROC curves showed that liver virtual iron content (LVIC) Az was significantly less than liver iron concentration (LIC) Az in the subgroup with ASF &lt; 1,000 ng/ml. There was no significant difference between LVIC Az and LIC Az in the subgroup with 1,000 ≤ ASF &lt; 2,500 ng/ml and 2,500 ≤ ASF &lt; 5,000 ng/ml. LVIC Az was significantly higher than LIC Az in the subgroup with ASF &lt;5,000 and 5,000 ≤ ASF ng/ml. In patients undergoing DECT and MRI examination on the same day, ASF was significantly correlated with LVIC, whereas no significant correlation was observed between ASF and LIC. After removing the data of ASF &gt; 5,000 mg/L in LIC, LIC became correlated with ASF. There was no significant difference between the subgroup with 2,500 ≤ ASF &lt; 5,000 ng/ml and 5,000 ng/ml ≤ ASF in LIC expression. Furthermore, both LIC and liver VIC had significant correlations with ASF in patients with ASF &lt; 2,500 ng/ml, while LVIC was still correlated with ASF, LIC was not correlated with ASF in patients with 2,500 ng/ml ≤ ASF. Moreover, neither cardiac VIC nor myocardial iron content (MIC) were correlated with ASF in these subgroups.Conclusion: MRI and DECT were complementary to each other in liver iron detection. In MDS patients with high iron content, such as ASF ≥ 5,000 ng/ml, DECT was more reliable than the MRI in the assessment of iron content. But in patients with low iron content, such as ASF &lt; 1,000 ng/ml, MRI is more reliable than DECT. Therefore, for the sake of more accurately evaluating the iron content, the appropriate detection method can be selected according to ASF.

scholarly journals Dietary iron intake and anemia: Food frequency questionnaire in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Cavalcoli ◽  
Alberto Gandini ◽  
Irene Aglaia Matelloni ◽  
Francesca Catalano ◽  
Saverio Alicante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Modifications

Abstract Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a multisystemic inherited vascular disease characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and prognosis. Dietary evaluation is relevant in HHT patients to provide adequate iron and nutrient intake. Additionally, different dietary items have been reported to precipitate epistaxis in this setting. Our primary aim was to investigate the dietary habits of HHT patients through a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to evaluate the presence of precipitants and/or protective factors for epistaxis and the occurrence of possible dietary modifications. The secondary aims were to evaluate the nutritional intake of iron in HHT patients and the self-reported effect of iron treatments on epistaxis.From April 2018 to October 2018, a 138-item FFQ was provided to HHT patients followed up at the HHT Referral Center of Crema Maggiore Hospital. The relationship between food items and epistaxis was ascertained on a separate form. Daily iron intake was calculated to establish the mean iron content of food items reported in the FFQ.Results: One hundred forty-nine questionnaires were evaluated [72 females, median age 54 years (12-76). Overall, 26 (18%) patients reported dietary items that improved epistaxis (mostly blueberries and red fruits, green vegetables and legumes), while 38 (26%) reported some dietary items that exacerbated epistaxis (spices, chocolate, alcohol, strawberries and ginger). Dietary modifications were reported in up to 58% of cases. In HHT patients, the mean daily iron intake was 8.46 ± 2.78 mg, and no differences were observed in the iron intake of patients reporting a diet modification and those who did not.Conclusions: In the comprehensive management of HHT a healthy and balanced diet, with increased consumption of dietary items with a high iron content, should be encouraged.

Hemochromatosis and pregnancy: iron stores in the Hfe−/− mouse are not reduced by multiple pregnancies

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (4) ◽  
pp. G525-G529 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Vilares Neves ◽  
Ingrid Anna Sofia Olsson ◽  
Graça Porto ◽  
Pedro Nuno Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Hereditary Hemochromatosis ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Body Iron ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), a widespread hereditary iron metabolism disorder, is characterized by an excessive absorption of dietary iron, resulting in increased body iron stores. Some studies indicate a sex difference in disease expression, with women showing a slower disease progression and a less severe clinical profile. This is usually attributed to iron loss during menstruation and pregnancy. However, this link has not been clearly demonstrated. The Hfe−/− mouse model recapitulates key aspects of HH, including an iron overload phenotype similar to that observed in human patients. In this study, we use it to test the impact of multiple pregnancies in the iron stores. One-year-old nulliparous and pluriparous (averaging 29 weaned pups per female) C57BL/6 (B6) and Hfe−/− mice were euthanized, and blood and tissues were collected. Several serological and erythroid parameters were evaluated, as well as tissue nonheme iron content and serum ferritin. Hepcidin 1, hepcidin 2, and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) expressions in the liver were determined by real-time PCR. No significant differences were observed for many serological and erythroid parameters although differences occurred in transferrin saturation and mean corpuscular volume in Hfe−/− mice and total iron-binding capacity in B6 mice. Hepatic iron concentration was similar for nulliparous and pluriparous mice of both genotypes, but total iron per organ (liver, spleen, heart, and pancreas) was higher overall in pluriparous females than nulliparous. Hepcidin 1 and 2 and BMP6 expressions were significantly decreased in pluriparous females, when compared with nulliparous, in both genotypes. In conclusion, multiple pregnancies do not reduce body iron stores in Hfe−/− mice.

The Potential of Fermentation and Contamination of Teff by Soil to Influence Iron Intake and Bioavailability from Injera Flatbread

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin I. Cercamondi ◽  
Maren M Fischer ◽  
Tesfaye G. H. Worku ◽  
Nadine Wyss ◽  
Isabelle Herter-Aeberli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Rapid Drop ◽  
Traditional Fermentation

Abstract.The high phytic acid (PA) concentration in the diet based on teff injera is a likely contributing cause of iron deficiency in Ethiopia. We monitored PA during teff injera fermentation in 30 households in Debre Zeyit, Ethiopia and evaluated its influence on iron bioavailability, considering contaminant soil iron in teff flour. After fermentation (48h), mean PA concentration in injera batter decreased from 0.87 to 0.58 g/100 g dm (P < 0.001). Low phytase activity in teff flour (0.44 μmol phosphate/min/g) and a rapid drop in pH, indicated that PA degradation was driven by microbial phytases. The iron concentration in injera batter among the households ranged widely from 14.5–160.4 mg/100 g dm (mean: 34.7 mg/100 g dm) principally due to contamination with soil. Estimated intrinsic iron concentration of teff based on the strong correlation between total iron and aluminium concentrations (P < 0.001; aluminium concentrations in injera batter: 28.7–184.9 mg/100 g dm) was 4.4 mg/100 g dm, indicating that 86–97 % is extrinsic iron from soil. The median daily iron intakes from 3-day weighed food records in 10 young children were 18.9 mg/day including soil iron vs. 4.9 mg/day without soil iron (P < 0.01). The PA:iron molar ratios indicated low iron bioavailability from teff injera, particularly when soil iron was excluded. Traditional fermentation thus has a modest influence on PA levels and more complete degradation is needed to improve iron bioavailability. There is an urgent need to better understand the bioavailability of contamination iron from soil before considering national fortification or biofortification strategies in Ethiopia.

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