Morbidity in Superficial Thrombophlebitis and its Potential Surgical Prevention

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohrbach ◽  
Mouton ◽  
Naef ◽  
Otten ◽  
Zehnder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Venous System ◽  
High Ligation ◽  
Venous Thrombectomy ◽  
Deep Venous System ◽  
Computer Tomography Scan ◽  
Short Saphenous Vein

Thrombophlebitis is a common condition which can lead to deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary embolism (PE). Thrombophlebitis can reach the deep venous system via the long or short saphenous vein or via perforating veins. Between the 1 st of January 1999 and the 31 st of December 2000 a total of 17 cases of superficial (or ascending) thrombophlebitis closer than 5 cm to the deep venous system were surgically treated in our clinic. 14 times the long saphenous vein was affected and 3 times the short saphenous vein. The age of the nine females and seven males ranged from 31 to 77 (mean of 54.6) years. Duplex ultrasound was performed in all patients. In the case of a deep venous thrombosis (four cases) a computer tomography scan (CT) of the pelvis and abdomen was performed to define the extension of DVT. In all 17 (100%) cases a high ligation (crossectomy) and in four (23.5%) cases a venous thrombectomy was performed. In all of these four cases the DVT was limited to the common femoral vein. In all seventeen procedures including venous thrombectomy there was no mortality and no relevant morbidity. Mean hospitalization time was 3.1 days for crossectomy with thrombectomy, and 1.8 days for crossectomy alone. Follow-up has been so far uneventful (mean follow-up time being 12 months in the case of a DVT). In the literature there is no clear concept of how to treat, conservatively or operatively, ascending thrombophlebitis. The surgical procedure can be performed under local anesthesia, and it is safe and efficient.

Functional Status of the Deep Venous System After an Episode of Deep Venous Thrombosis

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. van Bemmelen ◽  
Geri Bedford ◽  
Kirk Beach ◽  
D.E. Strandness
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Deep Venous System

High incidence of patients lost to follow-up after venous thromboembolism diagnosis – Identifying an unmet need for targeted transition of care

Vascular ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170853812110209
Author(s):  
Rae S Rokosh ◽  
Jack H Grazi ◽  
David Ruohoniemi ◽  
Eugene Yuriditsky ◽  
James Horowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Transition Of Care ◽  
Initial Discharge ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives Venous thromboembolism, including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a major source of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Given the prevalence of venous thromboembolism and its associated mortality, our study sought to identify factors associated with loss to follow-up in venous thromboembolism patients. Methods This is a single-center retrospective study of all consecutive admitted (inpatient) and emergency department patients diagnosed with acute venous thromboembolism via venous duplex examination and/or chest computed tomography from January 2018 to March 2019. Patients with chronic deep venous thrombosis and those diagnosed in the outpatient setting were excluded. Lost to venous thromboembolism-specific follow-up (LTFU) was defined as patients who did not follow up with vascular, cardiology, hematology, oncology, pulmonology, or primary care clinic for venous thromboembolism management at our institution within three months of initial discharge. Patients discharged to hospice or dead within 30 days of initial discharge were excluded from LTFU analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 16 (College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC) with a p-value of <0.05 set for significance. Results During the study period, 291 isolated deep venous thrombosis, 25 isolated pulmonary embolism, and 54 pulmonary embolism with associated deep venous thrombosis were identified in 370 patients. Of these patients, 129 (35%) were diagnosed in the emergency department and 241 (65%) in the inpatient setting. At discharge, 289 (78%) were on anticoagulation, 66 (18%) were not, and 15 (4%) were deceased. At the conclusion of the study, 120 patients (38%) had been LTFU, 85% of whom were discharged on anticoagulation. There was no statistically significant difference between those LTFU and those with follow-up with respect to age, gender, diagnosis time of day, venous thromboembolism anatomic location, discharge unit location, or anticoagulation choice at discharge. There was a non-significant trend toward longer inpatient length of stay among patients LTFU (16.2 days vs. 12.3 days, p = 0.07), and a significant increase in the proportion of LTFU patients discharged to a facility rather than home ( p = 0.02). On multivariate analysis, we found a 95% increase in the odds of being lost to venous thromboembolism-specific follow-up if discharged to a facility (OR 1.95, CI 1.1–3.6, p = 0.03) as opposed to home. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that over one-third of patients diagnosed with venous thromboembolism at our institution are lost to venous thromboembolism-specific follow-up, particularly those discharged to a facility. Our work suggests that significant improvement could be achieved by establishing a pathway for the targeted transition of care to a venous thromboembolism-specific follow-up clinic.

Long-term Clinical Follow-up in 265 Patients with Deep Venous Thrombosis Initially Treated with either Unfractionated Heparin or Dalteparin: A Retrospective Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1222-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Åberg ◽  
D. Lockner ◽  
C. Paul ◽  
M. Holmström
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Post Thrombotic Syndrome ◽  
Recurrent Vte

SummaryThe primary objective of this retrospective study was to describe the frequency of a post-thrombotic syndrome in 265 patients previously treated for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The secondary objectives were to document the frequency of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and mortality, especially from malignant disease. The patients were evaluated 5-14 years after inclusion in three randomized trials comparing continuous intravenous (i. v.) infusion of unfractionated heparin (UFH) (n = 85) with a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), dalteparin (n = 180). The median post-thrombotic score at follow-up was 2 (range 0-8). In a multiple step-wise regression analysis the post-thrombotic score was significantly higher among patients with initial proximal DVT (p = 0,0001) as compared with those who had distal DVT. A recurrent venous thromboembolic event was diagnosed in 29,4% of the patients treated with dalteparin and in 23,5% of the patients treated with UFH (ns). A secondary risk factor for venous thromboembolism and a longer duration of treatment with oral anticoagulants (OAC) were significantly associated with a lower risk for recurrent VTE, whereas malignant disease diagnosed during follow-up was associated with a higher risk. During follow-up a total of 40,7% of patients had died. No difference in total mortality or mortality from malignant disease was demonstrated between the two drugs. In conclusion, a severe post-thrombotic syndrome occured relatively infrequent. considering the long observation period. Proximal DVT was significantly associated with a more severe post-thrombotic syndrome. After 14 years follow-up, no significant differences were observed in overall mortality, mortality from malignant disease or recurrent VTE between UFH- and dalteparin-treated patients. Malignant disease was a risk factor for recurrent VTE, the presence of a secondary risk factor and a longer duration of treatment with OAC decreased the risk for recurrent VTE.

scholarly journals Long-term Results after Transfemoral Venous Thrombectomy for Iliofemoral Deep Venous Thrombosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lindow ◽  
A. Mumme ◽  
G. Asciutto ◽  
B. Strohmann ◽  
T. Hummel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Venous Thrombectomy

Deep Venous Thrombosis of the Upper Limbs

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haim Gutman ◽  
Meir Peri ◽  
Avigdor Zelikovski ◽  
Menashe Haddad ◽  
Raphael Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Fibrinolytic Agents

Deep venous thrombosis of the upper limbs is rare and represents less than 2-3% of all cases of deep venous thrombosis. Reviewing our series of 25 patients we decided that follow-up and symptomatic treatment produce acceptable results, since the disease has a benign natural history. Fibrinolytic agents administered under strict limitations (The Consensus Conference 1980, Ann Int Med) are efficient in early cases, but its ability to change the natural course of the disease has not been proved. Surgical approach should be reserved for cases with secondary ischaemia and/or a resectable extraluminal mass.

Evaluation of the Interpretation of Serial Ultrasound Examinations in the Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stamm ◽  
Anna Zavodni ◽  
Lesley Mitchell ◽  
John Ross Bonanni ◽  
Michelle Noga
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Imaging Results

Purpose To assess ultrasound intrascan variability and the potential error rate of serial ultrasounds in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in children. Methods A retrospective cohort review of imaging results of children having at least 3 serial ultrasound examinations of the same region within a 2-month period. The results were interpreted as either (1) inadequately visualized or (2) the absence or presence of deep venous thrombosis, and were categorized by location. Serial imaging findings then were further categorized based on results and clinical information. Results Sixty-four patients and 157 vessel segments were included in the study. Deep venous thrombosis was documented in 58 patients. Concordant results were observed in 26 patients (40.1%), clot resolution in 17 patients (26.6%), clot formation in 12 patients (18.8%), and discordant results in 9 patients (14%). Twenty-one of 64 patients (32.8%) had at least 1 vessel inadequately imaged. Conclusions The inconsistency of serial ultrasound results in up to 25% of patients calls attention to the potential inaccuracy of ultrasound for diagnosis and follow-up of deep venous thrombosis in children. The high proportion of patients with at least 1 inadequately visualized vessel also highlights the limitation of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pediatric deep venous thrombosis.

A Multicenter Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Compression Stockings to Prevent the Post-Thrombotic Syndrome After Proximal Deep Venous Thrombosis: The S.O.X. Trial

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 393-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Kahn ◽  
Stan Shapiro ◽  
Phil S Wells ◽  
Marc A. Rodger ◽  
Michael J. Kovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Compression Stockings

Abstract Abstract 393 Background: The post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a burdensome, costly complication of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Investigating strategies to prevent PTS is important, as treatments for PTS are limited. To date, randomized trials of elastic compression stockings (ECS) to prevent PTS were small, single-center, none used a placebo control and results are conflicting. Objective: To determine whether ECS, compared with inactive (placebo) stockings, are effective to prevent PTS in patients with proximal DVT. Methods: We conducted a multicenter (24 centres, Canada and U.S.) randomized placebo controlled trial of active ECS (A-ECS) vs. placebo ECS (P-ECS) to prevent PTS after a first, symptomatic proximal DVT. A-ECS were knee length 30–40 mm Hg (Class II) graduated ECS. P-ECS were manufactured to look identical to A-ECS but lacked therapeutic compression. Stockings were mailed directly to patients and worn on the DVT-affected leg daily for up to 2 years. Patients did not wear their stockings at study follow-up visits (1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months) to maintain study personnel blinding. The primary study outcome, PTS, was diagnosed at or after the 6 month visit using the Ginsberg measure (leg pain and swelling of 3 1 month duration and typical in character: worse end of day or after prolonged sitting/standing and improved after rest/leg elevation). All PTS diagnoses were confirmed by the local study physicians. Secondary outcomes were incidence and severity of PTS using the Villalta scale, venous ulcers, VTE recurrence and death from VTE. A sample size of 800 patients was targeted based on a hypothesized cumulative incidence of the primary outcome of 30% in P-ECS vs. 20% in A-ECS, 2-tailed a of 0.05 and 80% power, and anticipated 25% rate of death/withdrawal/lost-to-follow-up. Using a modified intent to treat approach, we performed a time-to-event analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for center to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare rates of the primary outcome in A-ECS vs. P-ECS. A similar time-to-event analysis was performed for Villalta PTS (Villalta score ≥ 5 at or after the 6 month visit). Results: From 2004–2010, 398 patients were randomized to A-ECS and 408 to P-ECS. 3 patients found to be ineligible soon after randomization were excluded from the analysis. Median time from DVT diagnosis to randomization was 4 days. Baseline features were similar in the 2 groups; overall, 60% were male, mean age was 55 years, and most proximal extent of DVT was iliac or femoral vein in 70% and popliteal vein in 30% of patients. The cumulative incidence of PTS (primary outcome) by 750 days was 14.8% in A-ECS vs. 12.3% in P-ECS (Figure) (HRadj 1.17; 95% CI 0.75–1.81; p=0.49). The cumulative incidence of Villalta PTS (secondary outcome) was 52.1% in A-ECS vs. 52.2% in P-ECS (HRadj 0.96; 95% CI 0.78–1.19; p=0.69). Additional outcomes were also similar in the two intervention groups (Table). Rates of loss to follow-up (5.5% vs. 5.4%) and withdrawal (8.3% vs. 9.1%) were similar in A-ECS and P-ECS. Overall, ∼70% of patients in both groups continued the intervention throughout study follow-up, and of these, >80% of patients in both groups reported use for ≥ 3 days per week. Conclusions: In a large randomized placebo-controlled trial, ECS did not prevent the occurrence of PTS after a first proximal DVT and did not influence the severity of PTS or rate of recurrent VTE. The reported benefits of ECS to prevent PTS in some prior studies could be due, at least in part, to bias from open-label design. Whether ECS may be of benefit to manage symptoms of established PTS should be evaluated in future studies. Disclosures: Kahn: NIH: Research Funding; Canadian Institutes for Health Research: Research Funding; Sigvaris: Research Funding.

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