Regelanwendung und Game-Management

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Brand ◽  
Wolfgang Neß
Keyword(s):  

Zusammenfassung. In der sportwissenschaftlichen Forschung besteht Uneinigkeit darüber, wie die Aufgabe von Schiedsrichtern im Sport angemessen zu beschreiben sei. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, dass Schiedsrichter als Game-Manager und nicht als bloße Instanzen der Regelverwaltung betrachtet werden müssen. Hierzu werden die Daten von 163 Schiedsrichtern herangezogen, darunter sämtliche Spielleiter der 1. Bundesligen Basketball, Handball und Eishockey. In weiteren explorativen Analysen zeigt sich, dass Bundesligaschiedsrichter häufiger als niedrigklassig agierende Schiedsrichter hoch qualifizierten Berufstätigkeiten nachgehen, und dass die berufsbezogene Leistungs- und Führungsmotivation von Bundesligaschiedsrichtern höher als die anderer Schiedsrichter ist. Es wird argumentiert, dass sich diese qualifizierenden Personeneigenschaften gleichermaßen im Leistungsumfeld Beruf, wie auch im Leistungsumfeld Spielleitung günstig auswirken. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse zum Schiedsrichter als Spielleiter sind insbesondere im Hinblick auf zukünftige sportpsychologische Analysen von Schiedsrichterentscheidungen bedeutsam.

Author(s):  
Marcus Dodt ◽  
Frowin Fasold ◽  
Daniel Memmert

AbstractReferees play a central role in every sport. Particularly at national level, referees must meet ever higher demands due to increasing professionalisation. While cognitive and conditional aspects have already been investigated intensively, personality traits of handball referees have so far only received little attention. In addition to a profound understanding of the game and knowledge of the rules, however, it is precisely the demands on referees’ personalities that are becoming increasingly important. Individual differences in personality are related to job performance in sports, especially with regard to coping with pressure and stress. Thus, personality is considered an essential component of the performance profile of referees and is required in the context of efficient game management. In this study, the personality profiles of male handball referees at expert level (N = 163) were examined for the first time, using the German version of the Big Five Inventory 2 (BFI-2). Standard values of the German general population from a population survey were used for comparison. Referees scored higher values in extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and a lower value in negative emotionality. The results of this cross-sectional study provide initial insights into the personality of this group of referees and thus lay the foundation for further research. A study with referees from different performance levels or cultural backgrounds could provide information on whether the results of this study only apply to German handball referees at expert level or are valid for all handball referees.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245367
Author(s):  
Earl F. Becker ◽  
David W. Crowley

Abundance estimation of hunted brown bear populations should occur on the same geographic scale as harvest data analyses for estimation of harvest rate. Estimated harvest rates are an important statistic for managing hunted bear populations. In Alaska, harvest data is collected over large geographic units, called Game Management Units (GMUs) and sub-GMUs. These sub GMUs often exceed 10,000 km2. In the spring of 2002, we conducted an aerial survey of GMU 9D (12,600 km2) and GMU 10 (4,070 km2) using distance sampling with mark-resight data. We used a mark-resight distance sampling method with a two-piece normal detection function to estimate brown bear abundance as 1,682.9 (SE = 174.29) and 316.9 (SE = 48.25) for GMU 9D and GMU 10, respectively. We used reported hunter harvest to estimate harvest rates of 4.35% (SE = 0.45%) and 3.06% (SE = 0.47%) for GMU 9D and GMU 10, respectively. Management objective for these units support sustained, high quality hunting opportunity which harvest data indicate are met with an annual harvest rate of approximately 5–6% or less.


2020 ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Max D. Price

Wild boar are dangerous animals that Paleolithic peoples hunted infrequently for the first million years of human-suid contact. Projectile weapons, nets, and the domestication of dogs allowed Natufian hunter-gatherers (12,500–9700 BC) to find in wild boar a reliable source of food. By the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (9700–8500 BC), human populations had developed close relationships with local wild boar. Intensive hunting or perhaps game management took place at Hallan Çemi in Anatolia, and the introduction of wild boar to Cyprus by at latest 9400 BC indicates the willingness of humans to capture and transport wild boar. At the same time, the presence of sedentary villages and the waste they produced likely attracted wild boar to human habitats. These early relationships between people and suids—game management and commensalism—evolved over the course of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic into full-fledged animal husbandry that, by around 7500 BC, had selected for domestic pigs.


2020 ◽  
pp. 13-36
Author(s):  
Alan D. Roe

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many countries embraced the national park concept as a way of showcasing their scenic landscapes and developing internal tourism. Many members of the Russian Imperial Geographical Society called for a system of parks in the Russian Empire. However, following the Great October Revolution of 1917, Russian conservationists and game management professionals instead pushed the state to establish zapovedniki dedicated to scientific research as well as some that served as game preserves. As “science for science’s sake” came under more suspicion in the 1930s, many supporters of the zapovedniki promoted tourism in them to make them seem more “useful” to government officials. By the late 1930s, tens of thousands of tourists entered the zapovedniki every year. Even in a climate of fear and xenophobia, some tourism promoters used the example of US national parks as they argued that zapovedniki should accommodate still more tourists.


2019 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
pp. 117242 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Capstick ◽  
R.A.H. Draycott ◽  
C.M. Wheelwright ◽  
D.E. Ling ◽  
R.B. Sage ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 758-764
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
F. Xiong ◽  
J.B. Du ◽  
Guo Qing Qu

In the current bottleneck for the development of enterprises, combined with artificial neural networks, game management theory, developing a new set of future information management systems and elaborate various aspects of its structure, function modules, the system features and so on.


1953 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Kaj Westerskov ◽  
D. Muller-Using
Keyword(s):  

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