Power Management for Connected EVs Using a Fuzzy Logic Controller and Artificial Neural Network

In recent years, the electric vehicles (EVs) power management strategy has been developed in order to reduce battery discharging power and fluctuation when an EV requires high and rapid discharging power due to frequent stop-and-go driving operations. A combination of lithium-ion batteries and a supercapacitor (SC) as the EV’s energy sources is known as a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and is a promising solution for fast discharging conditions. Effective power management to extensively utilize HESS can be developed if future power demand is accessible. A vehicular network as a typical form of the currently developed internet of things (IoT) has made future information obtainable by collecting information on surrounding data. This paper proposes a power management strategy for the HESS with the support of IoT. Since the obtained information from vehicular network could not directly be used to improve HESS, a two levels control structure has been developed to perform future data prediction and power distribution. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is utilized in the level one control structure to manage a HESS power split based on future information. Since FLC requires future information as a reference input, the future information is obtained by using an artificial neural network (ANN) in a level two control structure. The ANN prediction is direct, which could approximate the future power demand prediction with the assumption that the vehicular network scenario that is used to obtain surrounding information is deployed. Simulation results demonstrate that the average discharging battery power and power variation are reduced by 46.1% and 52.3, respectively, when compared to the battery-only case.

Creation and annihilation of mobile fractional solitons in atomic chains

Localized modes in one-dimensional (1D) topological systems, such as Majonara modes in topological superconductors, are promising candidates for robust information processing. While theory predicts mobile integer and fractional topological solitons in 1D topological insulators, experiments so far have unveiled immobile, integer solitons only. Here we observe fractionalized phase defects moving along trimer silicon atomic chains formed along step edges of a vicinal silicon surface. By means of tunnelling microscopy, we identify local defects with phase shifts of 2π/3 and 4π/3 with their electronic states within the band gap and with their motions activated above 100 K. Theoretical calculations reveal the topological soliton origin of the phase defects with fractional charges of ±2e/3 and ±4e/3. Additionally, we create and annihilate individual solitons at desired locations by current pulses from the probe tip. Mobile and manipulable topological solitons may serve as robust, topologically protected information carriers in future information technology.

ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES OF SYSTEMS STUDIES ON ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA, THEIR POSSIBILITIES IN THE "DIGITAL" SOCIETY

The paper addresses major achievements, current trends, and challenges in systems studies on energy development. Further evolution of the methodology for these studies in the context of "digitalization" will depend on the development of artificial intelligence tools. The scope of planned work and possible means for its implementation in the systems studies on the energy development in the future information society are investigated for various forms of its organization.

Learning to learn: 8-month-old infants meta-learn from sparse evidence

Infants learn to navigate the complexity of the physical and social world at an outstanding pace, but how they accomplish this learning is still unknown. Recent advances in human and artificial intelligence research propose that a key feature to achieve quick and efficient learning is meta-learning, the ability to make use of prior experiences to optimize how future information is acquired. Here we show that 8-month-old infants successfully engage in meta-learning within very short timespans. We developed a Bayesian model that captures how infants attribute informativity to incoming events, and how this process is optimized by the meta-parameters of their hierarchical models over the task structure. We fitted the model using infants’ gaze behaviour during a learning task. Our results reveal that infants do not simply accumulate experiences, but actively use them to generate new inductive biases that allow learning to proceed faster in the future.

Antiskyrmions and their electrical footprint in crystalline mesoscale structures

Skyrmionics materials hold the potential for future information technologies, such as racetrack memories. Key to that advancement are skyrmionics systems that exhibit high tunability and scalability, with stored information being easy to read and write by means of all-electrical techniques. Topological magnetic excitations, such as skyrmions and antiskyrmions give rise to a characteristic topological Hall effect (THE) in electrical transport. However, an unambiguous transport signature of antiskyrmions, in both thin films and bulk samples has been challenging to date. Here we apply magnetosensitive microscopy combined with electrical transport to directly detect the emergence of antiskyrmions in crystalline microstructures of Mn1.4PtSn at room temperature. We reveal the THE of antiskyrmions and demonstrate its tunability by means of finite sizes, field orientation, and temperature. Our atomistic simulations and experimental anisotropy studies demonstrate the link between antiskyrmions and a complex magnetism that consists of competing ferro- and antiferromagnetic as well as chiral exchange interactions.

Electrically switchable van der Waals magnon valves

Van der Waals magnets have emerged as a fertile ground for the exploration of highly tunable spin physics and spin-related technology. Two-dimensional (2D) magnons in van der Waals magnets are collective excitation of spins under strong confinement. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding 2D magnons, a crucial magnon device called the van der Waals magnon valve, in which the magnon signal can be completely and repeatedly turned on and off electrically, has yet to be realized. Here we demonstrate such magnon valves based on van der Waals antiferromagnetic insulator MnPS3. By applying DC electric current through the gate electrode, we show that the second harmonic thermal magnon (SHM) signal can be tuned from positive to negative. The guaranteed zero crossing during this tuning demonstrates a complete blocking of SHM transmission, arising from the nonlinear gate dependence of the non-equilibrium magnon density in the 2D spin channel. Using the switchable magnon valves we demonstrate a magnon-based inverter. These results illustrate the potential of van der Waals anti-ferromagnets for studying highly tunable spin-wave physics and for application in magnon-base circuitry in future information technology.

A Characterization of Probability-based Dichotomous Belief Revision

This article investigates the properties of multistate top revision, a dichotomous (AGM-style) model of belief revision that is based on an underlying model of probability revision. A proposition is included in the belief set if and only if its probability is either 1 or infinitesimally close to 1. Infinitesimal probabilities are used to keep track of propositions that are currently considered to have negligible probability, so that they are available if future information makes them more plausible. Multistate top revision satisfies a slightly modified version of the set of basic and supplementary AGM postulates, except the inclusion and success postulates. This result shows that hyperreal probabilities can provide us with efficient tools for overcoming the well known difficulties in combining dichotomous and probabilistic models of belief change.

A weighted constraint satisfaction approach to human goal-directed decision making

When we choose actions aimed at achieving long-range goals, proximal information cannot be exploited in a blindly myopic way, as relevant future information must often be taken into account. However, when long-range information is irrelevant to achieving proximal subgoals, it can be desirable to focus exclusively on subgoal-relevant considerations. Here, we consider how an underlying parallel mechanism simultaneously influenced by proximal and future information may be at work when decision makers confront both types of situations. Participants were asked to find the shortest path in a simple maze where the optimal path depended on both starting-point and goal-proximal constraints. This simple task was then embedded in a more complex maze where the same two constraints, but not the final goal position, determined the optimal path to the subgoal. In both tasks, initial choice responses predominantly reflected the joint influence from relevant immediate and future constraints, yet we also found systematic deviations from optimality. We modeled initial path choice as an evidence integration process and found that participants weighted the starting-point more than the equally relevant goal in the simple task. In the complex task, there was no evidence of a separate processing stage where participants first zeroed in on the subgoal as would be expected if task decomposition occurred strictly prior to choosing a path to the subgoal. Participants again placed slightly more weight on the starting point than the subgoal as in the simple task, and also placing some weight on the irrelevant final goal. These results suggest that optimizing decision making can be viewed as adjusting the weighting of constraints toward values that favor relevant ones in a given task context, and that the dynamic re-weighting of constraints at different points in a decision process can allow an inherently parallel process to exhibit approximate emergent hierarchical structure.

INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE AS A PART OF READYNESS OF FUTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONALS FOR INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of intercultural competence of future specialists in the field of “Information Technology”, taking into account current trends in education in the context of globalization and strengthening intercultural ties. Various aspects of intercultural competence are considered. The relevance of the study of the problem of formation of intercultural competence of future specialists in the field of “Information Technology” in connection with the growing level of public demand for such specialists is emphasized. The essence of the debatable concepts “competence” and “competency” is specified. Keywords: intercultural competence; intercultural competency; readiness for intercultural communication; future specialists; competences; information technologies; personality; foreign languages; education.