Influence of Emotional Intensity and Frequency of Positive and Negative Events on Depression

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Davis ◽  
G. Leonard Burns
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Environmental Process ◽  
Personality Process

This study replicates and extends aspects of psychological behaviorism's analysis of the role of positive and negative events in depression. As a first step, four pilot studies were conducted to develop a positive and negative events rating scale. This measure assesses the emotional intensity of positive and negative events (i. e., the strength of the positive or negative emotional response produced by the event) as well as the frequency of occurrence of the positive and negative events. A sample of 1089 college students then completed the Beck Depression Inventory and this new life events measure. Consistent with psychological behaviorism's analysis that emotional intensity involves a personality process and frequency an environmental process, the results showed that the emotional intensity of positive and negative events as well as the frequency of positive and negative events had independent roles in the prediction of depression (i. e., each of the four variables predicted depression after controlling for the other three). In addition, the results supported the personality and environmental subtypes of depression as specified by the theory. Suggestions are made for how subsequent research can test more explicitly this theory of depression.

Life Stress Measures and Reported Frequency of Sleep Disorders

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zack Zdenek Cernovsky
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Unrefreshing Sleep ◽  
Part Time

Scales to assess nightmare recall frequency and recalled frequency of insomnia-related disorders (sleep onset, sleep-maintenance problems, unrefreshing sleep, and restless sleep) were administered, together with the Social Readjustment Rating Scale of Holmes and Rahe to 170 part-time undergraduate students (mean age 27.4 yr., 97 men, 73 women), and together with the Life Events Inventory of Tennant and Andrews to another sample of 91 part-time undergraduates (mean age 26 yr., 53 men, 37 women). The time span for which life events and sleep disorders were to be assessed was the previous 6 mo. Pearson rs suggested that the relationships of different types of scores for life events (scores for change, for distress, for amount of control over events, weighted and unweighted scores for negative and positive events) to reports of sleep disorders were mostly weak (the largest coefficient was .29) and nonsignificant. Of all life events measures, negative life events listed on the Readjustment Scale were the most closely associated with reports of sleep disorders; all 14 coefficients involving negative events were significant and in the clinically expected direction. Further research is needed to examine whether the size of correlations between events and sleep disorders is related to factors such as readiness to recall and report negative personal experiences.

scholarly journals The Role of Emotions in Protests against Modernist Urban Redevelopment in Perth and Halifax

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Jenny Gregory ◽  
Jill L. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Planning Project ◽  
Two Cities

In the 1950s and 1960s modernist town planning reordered countless cities through urban renewal and freeway-building projects. Applying rational planning expertise generated emotional responses that often lingered long after redevelopment occurred. This article considers the emotional response to urban renewal in two cities advised by the British town planner Gordon Stephenson. In Perth, Australia, Stephenson was amongst a group of experts who planned a freeway that obliterated part of the valued river environment and threatened a historic structure. In Halifax, Stephenson prepared the initial scientific study used to justify dismantling part of the downtown and a historic black community on the urban fringe. While the Perth case generated an explosion of emotional intensity that failed to prevent environmental despoliation but saved some heritage assets, the Halifax example initiated a lingering emotional dispute involving allegations of neglect and racism. Comparing cases resulting from the activities of a noted practitioner illustrates differing emotional trajectories produced in the wake of the modernist planning project.

Life events and depressive symptoms among pregnant women in India: Moderating role of resilience and social support

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Thomas Kishore ◽  
Veena Satyanarayana ◽  
Supraja Thirumalai Ananthanpillai ◽  
Geetha Desai ◽  
Binukumar Bhaskarapillai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Background: Recent life events may be significant risk factors for depression during pregnancy. However, its association with the individual’s resilience and social support is not clear. Aims: To understand the association between life events and depression during pregnancy and whether the association is moderated by resilience and social support. Methods: This study is part of a prospective cohort study on perinatal mental health in an urban antenatal clinic, which included 589 women recruited in the first and early second trimester. Participants were administered the Life Events Checklist adapted from the Social Readjustment Rating Scale by the authors to assess life events; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-10 to assess depression and resilience, respectively. The relationship between life events (12 months prior to the time of assessment) and antenatal depression and the moderating role of resilience and social support was analysed. Results: Thirty-eight women (6.5%) who had depression (EPDS score ⩾ 11) had significantly higher number of life events (i.e. on average three; U = 3,826; p < .01), lower resilience scores ( U = 4,053; p < .01) and lower perceived social support ( U = 2,423; p < .01) as compared to those who were negative for depression on EPDS. Life events predicted depression during pregnancy; however, the relationship was moderated by social support but not by resilience. Conclusion: The pregnant women who experienced life events may experience depression during the first trimester of pregnancy, but the effect could possibly be reduced by enhancing the social support.

Stressful life events induce graves' disease: further evidence for the role of stress as an inducing factor in graves' disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifigenia Kostoglou-Athanassiou ◽  
Lambros Athanassiou ◽  
Eleni Xanthakou ◽  
Panagiotis Spyropoulos ◽  
Thomais Kalogirou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Graves Disease

Sleep Reactivity and Psychological Health in Normal Sleepers: the moderating role of stress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G. Ellis ◽  
Sarah Allen ◽  
Michael Perlis ◽  
Michael Grandner ◽  
Maria Gardani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Public Health Campaign ◽  
Health Campaign ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dysfunctional Cognitions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

The aim of the present study was to determine whether normal sleepers with vulnerability to insomnia, via high sleep reactivity, demonstrate more sleep-related dysfunctional cognitions and behaviours and poorer psychological health compared to those who are not vulnerable. Further, the influence of stress on the relationship between sleep reactivity and psychological health was also examined. A cross-sectional survey of 737 young adult ‘normal’ sleepers from the general population was undertaken. Results indicated normal sleepers vulnerable to insomnia demonstrated more sleep-related dysfunctional cognitions and behaviours as well as poorer psychological health compared to those not vulnerable. Furthermore, the relationship between sleep reactivity and psychological health was moderated by perceived stress over the previous month and life events over the previous year. Therefore, identifying and supporting those who are vulnerable to insomnia may be a fruitful avenue for preventative public health campaign to mitigate both insomnia and poor psychological health.

scholarly journals Traumatic and stressful life events in hoarding: the role of loss and deprivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1947002
Author(s):  
Leonardo F. Fontenelle ◽  
Julia E. Muhlbauer ◽  
Lucy Albertella ◽  
Jan Eppingstall
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life
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