Consciousness and Emotional Facial Expression Recognition

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Balconi ◽  
Claudio Lucchiari
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Major Result ◽  
Emotional Facial Expression ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Stimuli

Abstract. In this study we analyze whether facial expression recognition is marked by specific event-related potential (ERP) correlates and whether conscious and unconscious elaboration of emotional facial stimuli are qualitatively different processes. ERPs elicited by supraliminal and subliminal (10 ms) stimuli were recorded when subjects were viewing emotional facial expressions of four emotions or neutral stimuli. Two ERP effects (N2 and P3) were analyzed in terms of their peak amplitude and latency variations. An emotional specificity was observed for the negative deflection N2, whereas P3 was not affected by the content of the stimulus (emotional or neutral). Unaware information processing proved to be quite similar to aware processing in terms of peak morphology but not of latency. A major result of this research was that unconscious stimulation produced a more delayed peak variation than conscious stimulation did. Also, a more posterior distribution of the ERP was found for N2 as a function of emotional content of the stimulus. On the contrary, cortical lateralization (right/left) was not correlated to conscious/unconscious stimulation. The functional significance of our results is underlined in terms of subliminal effect and emotion recognition.

Working Memory and Facial Expression Recognition in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alonso-Recio ◽  
Pilar Martín-Plasencia ◽  
Ángela Loeches-Alonso ◽  
Juan M. Serrano-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Emotional Facial Expression ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Spatial Locations

AbstractFacial expression recognition impairment has been reported in Parkinson’s disease. While some authors have referred to specific emotional disabilities, others view them as secondary to executive deficits frequently described in the disease, such as working memory. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between working memory and facial expression recognition abilities in Parkinson’s disease. We observed 50 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 49 healthy controls by means of an n-back procedure with four types of stimuli: emotional facial expressions, gender, spatial locations, and non-sense syllables. Other executive and visuospatial neuropsychological tests were also administered. Results showed that Parkinson’s disease patients with high levels of disability performed worse than healthy individuals on the emotional facial expression and spatial location tasks. Moreover, spatial location task performance was correlated with executive neuropsychological scores, but emotional facial expression was not. Thus, working memory seems to be altered in Parkinson’s disease, particularly in tasks that involve the appreciation of spatial relationships in stimuli. Additionally, non-executive, facial emotional recognition difficulty seems to be present and related to disease progression. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–10)

scholarly journals Schizotypy is associated with difficulties detecting emotional facial expressions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Uono ◽  
Wataru Sato ◽  
Reiko Sawada ◽  
Sayaka Kawakami ◽  
Sayaka Yoshimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual Change ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Age And Sex

People with schizophrenia or subclinical schizotypal traits exhibit impaired recognition of facial expressions. However, it remains unclear whether the detection of emotional facial expressions is impaired in people with schizophrenia or high levels of schizotypy. The present study examined whether the detection of emotional facial expressions would be associated with schizotypy in a non-clinical population after controlling for the effects of IQ, age, and sex. Participants were asked to respond to whether all faces were the same as quickly and as accurately as possible following the presentation of angry or happy faces or their anti-expressions among crowds of neutral faces. Anti-expressions contain a degree of visual change that is equivalent to that of normal emotional facial expressions relative to neutral facial expressions and are recognized as neutral expressions. Normal expressions of anger and happiness were detected more rapidly and accurately than their anti-expressions. Additionally, the degree of overall schizotypy was negatively correlated with the effectiveness of detecting normal expressions versus anti-expressions. An emotion–recognition task revealed that the degree of positive schizotypy was negatively correlated with the accuracy of facial expression recognition. These results suggest that people with high levels of schizotypy experienced difficulties detecting and recognizing emotional facial expressions.

Recognition of Emotional Facial Expressions: The Role of Facial and Contextual Information in the Accuracy of Recognition

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Chóliz ◽  
Enrique G. Fernández-Abascal
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Basic Emotions

Recognition of emotional facial expressions is a central area in the psychology of emotion. This study presents two experiments. The first experiment analyzed recognition accuracy for basic emotions including happiness, anger, fear, sadness, surprise, and disgust. 30 pictures (5 for each emotion) were displayed to 96 participants to assess recognition accuracy. The results showed that recognition accuracy varied significantly across emotions. The second experiment analyzed the effects of contextual information on recognition accuracy. Information congruent and not congruent with a facial expression was displayed before presenting pictures of facial expressions. The results of the second experiment showed that congruent information improved facial expression recognition, whereas incongruent information impaired such recognition.

scholarly journals Facial Expression Recognition Based on Multi-Features Cooperative Deep Convolutional Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1428
Author(s):  
Haopeng Wu ◽  
Zhiying Lu ◽  
Jianfeng Zhang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Mingyue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
The Face ◽  
Deep Convolutional Network ◽  
Selection Of

This paper addresses the problem of Facial Expression Recognition (FER), focusing on unobvious facial movements. Traditional methods often cause overfitting problems or incomplete information due to insufficient data and manual selection of features. Instead, our proposed network, which is called the Multi-features Cooperative Deep Convolutional Network (MC-DCN), maintains focus on the overall feature of the face and the trend of key parts. The processing of video data is the first stage. The method of ensemble of regression trees (ERT) is used to obtain the overall contour of the face. Then, the attention model is used to pick up the parts of face that are more susceptible to expressions. Under the combined effect of these two methods, the image which can be called a local feature map is obtained. After that, the video data are sent to MC-DCN, containing parallel sub-networks. While the overall spatiotemporal characteristics of facial expressions are obtained through the sequence of images, the selection of keys parts can better learn the changes in facial expressions brought about by subtle facial movements. By combining local features and global features, the proposed method can acquire more information, leading to better performance. The experimental results show that MC-DCN can achieve recognition rates of 95%, 78.6% and 78.3% on the three datasets SAVEE, MMI, and edited GEMEP, respectively.

scholarly journals Hybrid Attention Cascade Network for Facial Expression Recognition

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoliang Zhu ◽  
Shihao Ye ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Zhicheng Dai
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
The Face ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Fusion Features

As a sub-challenge of EmotiW (the Emotion Recognition in the Wild challenge), how to improve performance on the AFEW (Acted Facial Expressions in the wild) dataset is a popular benchmark for emotion recognition tasks with various constraints, including uneven illumination, head deflection, and facial posture. In this paper, we propose a convenient facial expression recognition cascade network comprising spatial feature extraction, hybrid attention, and temporal feature extraction. First, in a video sequence, faces in each frame are detected, and the corresponding face ROI (range of interest) is extracted to obtain the face images. Then, the face images in each frame are aligned based on the position information of the facial feature points in the images. Second, the aligned face images are input to the residual neural network to extract the spatial features of facial expressions corresponding to the face images. The spatial features are input to the hybrid attention module to obtain the fusion features of facial expressions. Finally, the fusion features are input in the gate control loop unit to extract the temporal features of facial expressions. The temporal features are input to the fully connected layer to classify and recognize facial expressions. Experiments using the CK+ (the extended Cohn Kanade), Oulu-CASIA (Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences) and AFEW datasets obtained recognition accuracy rates of 98.46%, 87.31%, and 53.44%, respectively. This demonstrated that the proposed method achieves not only competitive performance comparable to state-of-the-art methods but also greater than 2% performance improvement on the AFEW dataset, proving the significant outperformance of facial expression recognition in the natural environment.

scholarly journals Facial Expression Recognition of Instructor Using Deep Features and Extreme Learning Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yusra Khalid Bhatti ◽  
Afshan Jamil ◽  
Nudrat Nida ◽  
Muhammad Haroon Yousaf ◽  
Serestina Viriri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Parameter Tuning ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Fast Learning ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
The Impact

Classroom communication involves teacher’s behavior and student’s responses. Extensive research has been done on the analysis of student’s facial expressions, but the impact of instructor’s facial expressions is yet an unexplored area of research. Facial expression recognition has the potential to predict the impact of teacher’s emotions in a classroom environment. Intelligent assessment of instructor behavior during lecture delivery not only might improve the learning environment but also could save time and resources utilized in manual assessment strategies. To address the issue of manual assessment, we propose an instructor’s facial expression recognition approach within a classroom using a feedforward learning model. First, the face is detected from the acquired lecture videos and key frames are selected, discarding all the redundant frames for effective high-level feature extraction. Then, deep features are extracted using multiple convolution neural networks along with parameter tuning which are then fed to a classifier. For fast learning and good generalization of the algorithm, a regularized extreme learning machine (RELM) classifier is employed which classifies five different expressions of the instructor within the classroom. Experiments are conducted on a newly created instructor’s facial expression dataset in classroom environments plus three benchmark facial datasets, i.e., Cohn–Kanade, the Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) dataset, and the Facial Expression Recognition 2013 (FER2013) dataset. Furthermore, the proposed method is compared with state-of-the-art techniques, traditional classifiers, and convolutional neural models. Experimentation results indicate significant performance gain on parameters such as accuracy, F1-score, and recall.

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF METHODS OF EMOTION RECOGNITION BY FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1152
Author(s):  
Muazu Abdulwakil Auma ◽  
Eric Manzi ◽  
Jibril Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Research Results

Facial recognition is integral and essential in todays society, and the recognition of emotions based on facial expressions is already becoming more usual. This paper analytically provides an overview of the databases of video data of facial expressions and several approaches to recognizing emotions by facial expressions by including the three main image analysis stages, which are pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The paper presents approaches based on deep learning using deep neural networks and traditional means to recognizing human emotions based on visual facial features. The current results of some existing algorithms are presented. When reviewing scientific and technical literature, the focus was mainly on sources containing theoretical and research information of the methods under consideration and comparing traditional techniques and methods based on deep neural networks supported by experimental research. An analysis of scientific and technical literature describing methods and algorithms for analyzing and recognizing facial expressions and world scientific research results has shown that traditional methods of classifying facial expressions are inferior in speed and accuracy to artificial neural networks. This reviews main contributions provide a general understanding of modern approaches to facial expression recognition, which will allow new researchers to understand the main components and trends in facial expression recognition. A comparison of world scientific research results has shown that the combination of traditional approaches and approaches based on deep neural networks show better classification accuracy. However, the best classification methods are artificial neural networks.

scholarly journals Improving Human–Robot Interaction by Enhancing NAO Robot Awareness of Human Facial Expression

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6438
Author(s):  
Chiara Filippini ◽  
David Perpetuini ◽  
Daniela Cardone ◽  
Arcangelo Merla
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Interaction Field ◽  
Nao Robot

An intriguing challenge in the human–robot interaction field is the prospect of endowing robots with emotional intelligence to make the interaction more genuine, intuitive, and natural. A crucial aspect in achieving this goal is the robot’s capability to infer and interpret human emotions. Thanks to its design and open programming platform, the NAO humanoid robot is one of the most widely used agents for human interaction. As with person-to-person communication, facial expressions are the privileged channel for recognizing the interlocutor’s emotional expressions. Although NAO is equipped with a facial expression recognition module, specific use cases may require additional features and affective computing capabilities that are not currently available. This study proposes a highly accurate convolutional-neural-network-based facial expression recognition model that is able to further enhance the NAO robot’ awareness of human facial expressions and provide the robot with an interlocutor’s arousal level detection capability. Indeed, the model tested during human–robot interactions was 91% and 90% accurate in recognizing happy and sad facial expressions, respectively; 75% accurate in recognizing surprised and scared expressions; and less accurate in recognizing neutral and angry expressions. Finally, the model was successfully integrated into the NAO SDK, thus allowing for high-performing facial expression classification with an inference time of 0.34 ± 0.04 s.

Emotional Facial Expression Recognition Task

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fischer-Shofty ◽  
S. G. Shamay-Tsoorya ◽  
H. Harari ◽  
Y. Levkovitz
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Emotional Facial Expression
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