Is the Suppression Effect of the Color Red on Snack Food Consumption Reliable?

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Steele ◽  
Laura L. Rash
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Analysis Task ◽  
Snack Consumption

Abstract. Two articles hypothesized that exposure to the color red would induce a state of avoidance motivation and reported that snack food consumption was decreased when the food was served on red plates, relative to white and blue plates. The current experiment combined their procedures and approximately tripled their group sizes. Participants were provided with pretzels on red, white, or blue plates in a mock sensory analysis task. The results indicated that more pretzels were consumed when presented on red plates, in direct contradiction of previous results. Alternative explanations, such as group differences in hunger or preference for pretzels, could not account for the results. The facilitation effect of red indicates that the color red does not always reduce snack food consumption and suggests that the reported inhibitory effect of red on snack consumption may not be reliable.

scholarly journals Adolescent television viewing and unhealthy snack food consumption: the mediating role of home availability of unhealthy snack foods

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Pearson ◽  
Stuart JH Biddle ◽  
Lauren Williams ◽  
Anthony Worsley ◽  
David Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Unhealthy Snack ◽  
Home Availability

scholarly journals The Impact of China’s Low-Carbon Initiative on the Location Expansion of International SPA Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Zhao ◽  
Chong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

“Fast fashion” represents a short product life cycle, and international SPA enterprises are therefore criticised as representatives of high energy consumption, pollution, and emissions, which is contrary to China’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality. In the context of China’s shift to a low-carbon economic development model, how should SPA enterprises breakthrough in the face of China’s large-scale market advantage and domestic demand potential? Based on the statistics of 277 prefecture-level cities from 2010 to 2018, this article selects 5 leading international SPA enterprises and uses the difference-in-differences (DID) method to explore the impact of low-carbon initiative on the location expansion of international SPA enterprises. The results suggest that the quantity of location expansions of SPA enterprises in the pilot cities is significantly lower by approximately 0.418 units compared with the nonpilot cities, implying that the low-carbon initiative has a significant inhibitory effect on the location expansion of SPA enterprises. After a series of robustness tests, the conclusion is valid. The results of the heterogeneity test suggest that the suppression effect is mainly found in the subsample of central cities and cities with medium and low levels of economic development. This article proposes that SPA enterprises should reduce their carbon emissions and gradually explore a green and sustainable development path.

scholarly journals Snack consumption is decreasing in Colombia among the youngest, the most educated, and the wealthiest: results of two representative national surveys.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Fernando Herran ◽  
Eduardo Villamor ◽  
Doris Cristina Quintero-Lesmes
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Snack Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: A common recommendation is to reduce the consumption of snack food and replace this consumption with nutrient-dense foods. The objective was to establish whether there were changes in adherence to the consumption of the snack pattern (SP) in Colombian children and adults in the 2010-2015 quinquennium. In addition, this study aimed to establish the relationship between the SP and some biological, socioeconomic, and geographic variables in Colombia, Sur América. Methods: Based on a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) applied both in 2010 and 2015 in the national nutritional situation surveys, the adherence to the snack consumption pattern was established through factor analysis. The change in the adherence of consumption to the SP was established for the five-year period [2015 minus 2010], using multiple linear regression models. Crude and adjusted differences were estimated by the following covariables: sex, age, marital status, food security, wealth index, ethnicity, education of the head of the household, area and region. In total, 37,981 subjects were analyzed. In 2010, 10,150 children (5 to 17 years old) and 5,145 adults (18 to 64 years old) were included, and in 2015, 13,243 children and 9,443 adults. Results: In children, the adjusted difference in the adherence to SP was -0.37 (95% CI: -0.42, -0.32), p < 0.0001. In adults, the adjusted difference in the adherence to SP was -0.27 (95% CI: -0.31, -0.24), p < 0.0001. In all categories of covariables, consumption decreased, for all p < 0.0001. In children the decrease in consumption was inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) and height and was directly associated with the level of food security in the home and the wealth index. In adults the decrease in consumption was inversely related to age and BMI and directly related to the size, the level of food security of the household, wealth index, and education level. Conclusions: In the quinquennium there is a decrease in the adherence to the SP, the region, the wealthiest, the tallest, the best BMI and the most educated displayed the greatest decrease in the SP. Keywords Food Pattern; Snack Pattern; Intake of Snack; Children; Adults; Colombia.

scholarly journals Emotion-driven impulsiveness and snack food consumption of European adolescents: Results from the I.Family study

Appetite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juul M.J. Coumans ◽  
Unna N. Danner ◽  
Timm Intemann ◽  
Annelies De Decker ◽  
Charalambos Hadjigeorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Snack Food

scholarly journals Snacking Practices and Diet Choices Among College Students at a Large University in South Florida: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 713-713
Author(s):  
Christie Kirchoff ◽  
Elizabeth Goico ◽  
Cristina Palacios
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Snack Consumption ◽  
Unhealthy Snacks ◽  
Unhealthy Snack

Abstract Objectives The college food environment plays an integral role in student dietary intake during the formative transition from adolescence to adulthood. During this time, students experience profound changes to their level of responsibility and autonomy while also establishing lifelong habits. These changes are of concern because obesity and chronic disease are the long term health consequences of poor patterns of eating, and yet research on this topic is sparse. This study aims to uncover the pattern of snack consumption and its influence on selecting healthier versions of snacks at a large Hispanic serving university in South Florida. Methods A cross-sectional survey was used to elicit self-reported snacking practices of college students via a web-based Qualtrics survey in the Spring of 2019. Statistical analysis using SPSS 25 included descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis performed to examine the frequency and percentages for dependent and independent variables. Logistic regression was run to determine the influence of the frequency and amount of unhealthy snack food consumption and choosing low-fat options. Results Of the 483 respondents (24% males), 93.4% reported consuming unhealthy snack foods at least once a week. Additionally, the pattern of snack consumption was 72% (383) chips and salty snacks, 65% (316) cookies, 64% (307) chocolate bars, and 58% (281) candies. The results also indicated that those who consumed unhealthy snacks more frequently were 1.85 times more likely to choose low-fat options than those who rarely consumed unhealthy snacks (AOR = 1.85, CI (1.04 – 3.30)). Conclusions These findings suggest that students are seeking healthier options even when snacking. As a responsible institution, the university can implement a snack policy that promotes a healthy diet and is in line with what students are seeking by offering more low-fat options. Funding Sources None.

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