scholarly journals Snack consumption is decreasing in Colombia among the youngest, the most educated, and the wealthiest: results of two representative national surveys.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Fernando Herran ◽  
Eduardo Villamor ◽  
Doris Cristina Quintero-Lesmes
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Snack Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: A common recommendation is to reduce the consumption of snack food and replace this consumption with nutrient-dense foods. The objective was to establish whether there were changes in adherence to the consumption of the snack pattern (SP) in Colombian children and adults in the 2010-2015 quinquennium. In addition, this study aimed to establish the relationship between the SP and some biological, socioeconomic, and geographic variables in Colombia, Sur América. Methods: Based on a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) applied both in 2010 and 2015 in the national nutritional situation surveys, the adherence to the snack consumption pattern was established through factor analysis. The change in the adherence of consumption to the SP was established for the five-year period [2015 minus 2010], using multiple linear regression models. Crude and adjusted differences were estimated by the following covariables: sex, age, marital status, food security, wealth index, ethnicity, education of the head of the household, area and region. In total, 37,981 subjects were analyzed. In 2010, 10,150 children (5 to 17 years old) and 5,145 adults (18 to 64 years old) were included, and in 2015, 13,243 children and 9,443 adults. Results: In children, the adjusted difference in the adherence to SP was -0.37 (95% CI: -0.42, -0.32), p < 0.0001. In adults, the adjusted difference in the adherence to SP was -0.27 (95% CI: -0.31, -0.24), p < 0.0001. In all categories of covariables, consumption decreased, for all p < 0.0001. In children the decrease in consumption was inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) and height and was directly associated with the level of food security in the home and the wealth index. In adults the decrease in consumption was inversely related to age and BMI and directly related to the size, the level of food security of the household, wealth index, and education level. Conclusions: In the quinquennium there is a decrease in the adherence to the SP, the region, the wealthiest, the tallest, the best BMI and the most educated displayed the greatest decrease in the SP. Keywords Food Pattern; Snack Pattern; Intake of Snack; Children; Adults; Colombia.

scholarly journals Adherence to a snacking dietary pattern is decreasing in Colombia among the youngest and the wealthiest: results of two representative national surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar F. Herrán ◽  
Eduardo Villamor ◽  
Doris C. Quintero-Lesmes
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
Snack Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background A common recommendation is to reduce the consumption of snack food and replace this consumption with nutrient-dense foods. The objective was to assess whether in Colombian children and adults there were changes in the consumption of the snack dietary pattern (SP) in the 5 years 2010–2015. In addition, this study aimed to establish the relationship between the SP and some biological, socioeconomic, and geographic variables in Colombia, South America. Methods Based on a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) applied both in 2010 and 2015 in the national nutritional situation surveys, the adherence to the snack consumption pattern was established through factor analysis. The change in the adherence of consumption to the SP was established for the five-year period [2015 minus 2010], using multiple linear regression models. Crude and adjusted differences were estimated by the following covariables: sex, age, marital status, food security, wealth index, ethnicity, education of the head of the household, area and region. In total, 37,981 subjects were analyzed. In 2010, 10,150 children (5 to 17 years old) and 5145 adults (18 to 64 years old) were included, and in 2015, 13,243 children and 9443 adults. Results In children, the adjusted difference in the adherence to SP was − 0.37 (95% CI: − 0.42, − 0.32). In adults, the adjusted difference in the adherence to SP was − 0.27 (95% CI: − 0.31, − 0.24). In all categories of covariables, consumption decreased, for all p < 0.0001. In children, the decrease in consumption was inversely associated with height-age. The decrease was smaller at the extremes of the BMI distribution, Z < -2 and Z > 2. The decrease in consumption was directly associated with the level of food security in the home and the wealth index. In adults, the decrease in consumption was inversely related to age and was directly related to the level of food security of the household, wealth index, and education level. The BMI decrease was greater in subjects with 18.5–24.9. In subjects with 30+, it was lower than in subjects with 25.0–29.9. Conclusions In the 5 years 2010–2015, snack consumption is decreasing. The region, the richest subjects, those with adequate BMI, and in households with more educated heads of household, achieved a greater decrease in SP.

scholarly journals Snacking At School Increased The Risk Of Overweight/Obesity In Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Aulia Jauharun Nisak ◽  
Trias Mahmudiono
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Snack Consumption ◽  
Obesity In Children

ABSTRACTChildhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in the 21st century. Unhealthy eating habits are believed to be the cause of overweight/obesity in children. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the consumption patterns of snack foods and the incidence of overweight/obesity. This research was conducted at the SDN Ploso I-172, Tambaksari Surabaya in May-July 2017 with a case control study design. Data were obtained from interview and anthropometric measurement. The samples size was 112 respondents with 56 case samples, and 56 control samples. Data were analyzed using linear regression test and logistic regression. The results showed that snack foods consumed by schoolchildren were fruit syrup, perisa beverage, chocolate, papeda, fried foods, fishcake and sausages, pentol, syrup, sauce, and toppings. There was a significant correlation between daily consumption of food snack, including fruit syrup (p = 0.004; OR = 8.000), perisa beverage (p = 0.02; OR = 13.412), chocolate (p = 0.013; OR = 6.333), fried food (p = 0.015; OR = 14.786), fishcake and sausages (p = 0.004; OR = 8.750), pentol (p = 0.039; OR = 4.044), syrup, sauce, and topping (p = 0.023; OR = 4.643) with overweight/obesity incidence. In conclusion this research revealed correlation between the pattern of snacking and overweight/obesity incidence among school children. It is suggested to the parents and schools to be more vigilant ensuring the healthy snack consumption to prevent overweight dan obesity among school children. Keywords: overweight, snack food, obesity, consumption pattern

ASSOCIATION OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS WITH DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN LESS THAN FIVE YEARS: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE INDICATOR CLUSTER SURVEY SINDH 2014

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Syed Mustansir Hussain Zaidi ◽  
Hira Fatima Waseem
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Cluster Survey ◽  
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
Mother Education ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Diarrhea founds to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children less than five years. Various factors are associated with diarrhea but socio-demographic factors are the main key elements, which associated with diarrhea. Methods: This study was examined association of socio-demographic factors with diarrhea in children less than five years of age of Sindh, Pakistan, using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted from January 2014 to August 2014. Data were collected for 18,108 children in whom 16,449 children had complete data of demographic variables being included in the analysis. Bivariate analysis was done using Pearson's Chi square test and multivariate analysis being done using binary logistic regression. Results: We found increased risk of diarrhea among children lives in rural areas while household wealth index quintile was also associated with diarrhea. Children in the poor, middle and fourth wealth index quintiles being at increased risk of diarrhea compared to children in the richest wealth index quintile. The highest risk of diarrhea was found for the child having mother with no education as well as children aged 12-23 months. Conclusion: Age of child, mother education and wealth index found significant with diarrhea while Male children, child aged 12-23 months, child with no mother education, child from rural areas and child from poor households found with high risk of diarrhea.

Camouflaging in non-autistic adults is associated with poorer mental health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Somerville ◽  
Sarah E. MacPherson ◽  
Sue Fletcher-Watson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Autistic Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Camouflaging is a frequently reported behaviour in autistic people, which entails the use of strategies to compensate for and mask autistic traits in social situations. Camouflaging is associated with poor mental health in autistic people. This study examined the manifestation of camouflaging in a non-autistic sample, examining the relationship between autistic traits, camouflaging, and mental health. In addition, the role of executive functions as a mechanism underpinning camouflaging was explored. Sixty-three non-autistic adults completed standardised self-report questionnaires which measured: autistic traits, mental health symptoms, and camouflaging behaviours. In addition, a subset (n=51) completed three tests of executive function measuring inhibition, working memory, and set-shifting. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyse data. Results indicated that autistic traits are not associated with mental health symptoms when controlling for camouflaging, and camouflaging predicted increased mental health symptoms. Camouflaging did not correlate with any measure of executive function. These findings have implications for understanding the relationship between autistic traits and mental health in non-autistic people and add to the growing development of theory and knowledge about the mechanism and effects of camouflaging.

The Relationship between the Consumption Pattern of Pokea Clam and Protein with LDL and HDL Levels in Patients with Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
IPutu Sudayasa ◽  
La Ode Alifariki ◽  
Refi Faradilah ◽  
Noviana Suko Betteng ◽  
Anon Asriati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Creatine Kinase Response in Youth National Team Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812199938
Author(s):  
Gabor Schuth ◽  
Gyorgy Szigeti ◽  
Gergely Dobreff ◽  
Peter Revisnyei ◽  
Alija Pasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
National Team ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Previous studies have examined the relationship between external training load and creatine kinase (CK) response after soccer matches in adults. This study aimed to build training- and match-specific CK prediction models for elite youth national team soccer players. Hypothesis: Training and match load will have different effects on the CK response of elite youth soccer players, and there will be position-specific differences in the most influential external and internal load parameters on the CK response. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Forty-one U16-U17 youth national team soccer players were measured over an 18-month period. Training and match load were monitored with global positioning system devices. Individual CK values were measured from whole blood every morning in training camps. The dataset consisted of 1563 data points. Clustered prediction models were used to examine the relationship between external/internal load and consecutive CK changes. Clusters were built based on the playing position and activity type. The performance of the linear regression models was described by the R2 and the root-mean-square error (RMSE, U/L for CK values). Results: The prediction models fitted similarly during games and training sessions ( R2 = 0.38-0.88 vs 0.6-0.77), but there were large differences based on playing positions. In contrast, the accuracy of the models was better during training sessions (RMSE = 81-135 vs 79-209 U/L). Position-specific differences were also found in the external and internal load parameters, which best explained the CK changes. Conclusion: The relationship between external/internal load parameters and CK changes are position specific and might depend on the type of session (training or match). Morning CK values also contributed to the next day’s CK values. Clinical Relevance: The relationship between position-specific external/internal load and CK changes can be used to individualize postmatch recovery strategies and weekly training periodization with a view to optimize match performance.

scholarly journals The relationship between time to a high COVID-19 response level and timing of peak daily incidence: an analysis of governments’ Stringency Index from 148 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Shiva Raj Mishra ◽  
Xi-Kun Han ◽  
Dong-Shan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Peak Number ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The transmission dynamics and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is different across countries or regions. Differences in governments’ policy responses may explain some of these differences. We aimed to compare worldwide government responses to the spread of COVID-19, to examine the relationship between response level, response timing and the epidemic trajectory. Methods Free publicly-accessible data collected by the Coronavirus Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) were used. Nine sub-indicators reflecting government response from 148 countries were collected systematically from January 1 to May 1, 2020. The sub-indicators were scored and were aggregated into a common Stringency Index (SI, a value between 0 and 100) that reflects the overall stringency of the government’s response in a daily basis. Group-based trajectory modelling method was used to identify trajectories of SI. Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyse the association between time to reach a high-level SI and time to the peak number of daily new cases. Results Our results identified four trajectories of response in the spread of COVID-19 based on when the response was initiated: before January 13, from January 13 to February 12, from February 12 to March 11, and the last stage—from March 11 (the day WHO declared a pandemic of COVID-19) on going. Governments’ responses were upgraded with further spread of COVID-19 but varied substantially across countries. After the adjustment of SI level, geographical region and initiation stages, each day earlier to a high SI level (SI > 80) from the start of response was associated with 0.44 (standard error: 0.08, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.65) days earlier to the peak number of daily new case. Also, each day earlier to a high SI level from the date of first reported case was associated with 0.65 (standard error: 0.08, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.42) days earlier to the peak number of daily new case. Conclusions Early start of a high-level response to COVID-19 is associated with early arrival of the peak number of daily new cases. This may help to reduce the delays in flattening the epidemic curve to the low spread level. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Child Nutrition Among Circular Migrant Families Working in the Brick Kilns of Bihar, India (P10-052-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Roshania ◽  
Rakesh Giri ◽  
Melissa Fox Young ◽  
G Sai Mala ◽  
Amy Webb Girard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Migrant Families

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of child malnutrition and the determinants of nutrition status among circular migrant families working in the brick industry in Bihar, India, focusing on differences by origin. Methods We used a stratified, cluster sampling design consisting of a cross-sectional survey in 552 randomly selected brick kilns (clusters) throughout Bihar. Circular migration was defined as residence outside the home block for at least 60 days for employment plus at least one home return in the previous year. Per kiln, three circular migrant households with children 0–35 months of age were randomly selected. We collected kiln, household and child-level data including anthropometric measurements for each selected child (n = 1198). Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted in SAS. The primary outcomes were stunting (<-2 SD height-for-age z score) and wasting (<-2 SD weight-for-height z score). The primary exposure of interest was intrastate vs. interstate origin; covariates included household wealth index, parity of the mother, and child age and gender. Results Prevalence of stunting was lower among interstate migrants (47%) compared to intrastate migrants (55%, aOR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.50–0.88). Wasting was higher among interstate migrants (43%) compared to intrastate migrants (34%, aOR:1.51, 95%CI: 1.17–1.94). Among children 6–23 months, 13% had a minimum acceptable diet; MAD was higher among interstate migrants (17%), compared to intrastate migrants (10%) (P = 0.014). Full immunization coverage among circular migrants was 39%, lower than the overall state (62%, NFHS IV). Open defecation was reported by over 90% of circular migrants. Conclusions Our results are likely to inform the ongoing policy discourse on circular migrants’ access to health and nutrition benefits. State of origin emerged as an important predictor of nutrition status, operating differently for acute and chronic malnutrition; we will further explore pathways of nutrition by origin in future analyses. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Bivariate binary analysis on composite index of anthropometric failure of under-five children and household wealth-index

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demeke Lakew Workie ◽  
Lijalem Melie Tesfaw
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background Malnutrition is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity of children in low and middle income countries including Ethiopia and household wealth index shares the highest contribution. Thus, in this study it is aimed to conduct bivariate binary logistic regression analysis by accounting the possible dependency of child composite index anthropometric failure and household wealth index. Methods In this study the data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 involved 9411 under five children was considered. Child Composite Index Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) measures the aggregate child undernourished derived from the conventional anthropometric indices (stunting, underweight and wasting). The correlation between CIAF and wealth index was checked and significant correlation found. To address the dependency between the two outcome variables bivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the determinants of child CAIF and household wealth index jointly. Results Study results show that region, place of residence, religion, education level of women and husband/partner, sex of child, source of drinking water, household size and number of under five children in the household, mothers body mass index, multiple birth and anemia level of child had significant association with child CIAF. Female children were 0.82 times less likely to be CIAF compared to male and multiple birth children were more likely to be CIAF compared to single birth. Children from Oromia, Somalie, Gambela, SNNPR, Harari and Addis Ababa region were 0.6, 0.56, 0.67, 0.52, 0.6 and 0.44 times less likely to be CIAF compared to Tigray. A household from rural area were 15.49 times more likely poor compared to a household. The estimated odds of children whose mothers attended primary, and secondary and higher education was 0.82, and 0.52 times respectively the estimated odds of children from mothers who had never attended formal education. Conclusion The prevalence of children with composite index anthropometric failure was high and closely tied with the household wealth index. Among the determinants, region, religion, family education level, and anemia level of child were statistically significant determinants of both CIAF and household wealth index. Thus, the authors recommend to concerned bodies and policymakers work on household wealth index to reduce the prevalence of child composite anthropometric failure.

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