scholarly journals If-Then Planning Helps School-Aged Children to Ignore Attractive Distractions

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Wieber ◽  
Antje von Suchodoletz ◽  
Tobias Heikamp ◽  
Gisela Trommsdorff ◽  
Peter M. Gollwitzer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Implementation Intentions ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Ongoing Task ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Language Competency ◽  
Goal Intentions

Can children improve shielding an ongoing task from distractions by if-then planning (i.e., by forming implementation intentions)? In an experimental study, the situational and personal limits of action control by distraction-inhibiting implementation intentions (“If a distraction comes up, then I will ignore it!”) were tested by comparing them to simple goal intentions (“I will ignore distractions!”). Goal intentions were sufficient to successfully ignore distractions of low attractiveness. In the presence of moderately and highly attractive distractions, as well as a distraction presented out of the children’s sight, however, only implementation intentions improved children’s task shielding, as indicated by faster response times in an ongoing categorization task and shorter periods of looking at highly attractive distractions presented out of their field of vision. These findings held true regardless of the children’s temperament and language competency. Implications for research on planning and developmental research on self-control are discussed.

Goal Intentions and Implementation Intentions Measure

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen P. Ziegelmann ◽  
Aleksandra Luszczynska ◽  
Sonia Lippke ◽  
Ralf Schwarzer
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Intentions ◽  
Goal Intentions

Values Activation and Present Bias

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Onna Brewer ◽  
Orhan Erdem
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Values Clarification ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Present Bias ◽  
Writing Activity

Present bias—difficulty resisting instant gratification over a future and larger reward (also called delay discounting)—has been associated with various suboptimal behaviors and health outcomes. Several methods have been proposed to produce reductions in this bias and promote self-control. In this randomized experimental study of 137 undergraduate college students, the authors examined the effect of a 10-minute values clarification writing exercise on present bias in a monetary decision-making task compared with a neutral writing activity. While participants in the values clarification condition showed less present-biased behavior, this finding was not statistically significant at the .05 level. Thus, they place emphasis on implications for future research and practice with the aims of reducing present bias and building better communities.

Implementation Intentions, Information, and Voter Turnout: An Experimental Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1089-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron D. Anderson ◽  
Peter J. Loewen ◽  
R. Michael McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Implementation Intentions

scholarly journals Intervention in social skills and bullying

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1085-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Luiz da Silva ◽  
Wanderlei Abadio de Oliveira ◽  
Diene Monique Carlos ◽  
Elisangela Aparecida da Silva Lizzi ◽  
Rafaela Rosário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Emotional Expressiveness ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Quasi Experimental

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify if the improvement of social and emotional skills reduces bullying victimization in 6th grade students 12 months after the end of the intervention. Method: Quasi-experimental study with 78 students who were bullying victims. A cognitive behavioral intervention based on social skills was conducted with the intervention group. The eight sessions addressed politeness, making friendships, self-control, emotional expressiveness, empathy, assertiveness and solution of interpersonal problems. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with random effect. Results: Quasi-experimental study with 78 students who were bullying victims. A cognitive behavioral intervention based on social skills was conducted with the intervention group. The eight sessions addressed politeness, making friendships, self-control, emotional expressiveness, empathy, assertiveness and solution of interpersonal problems. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with random effect. Conclusion: Social skills are important in anti-bullying interventions and can be the basis for intersectoral interventions in the health area, aimed at favoring the empowerment of victims by improving their social interactions and quality of life in school.

scholarly journals Taking control! Structural and behavioural plasticity in response to game-based inhibition training in older adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Kühn ◽  
Maxi Becker
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
Inhibition Training

While previous attempts to train self-control in humans have frequently failed, we set out to train response inhibition using computer-game elements. We trained older adults with newly developed game-based inhibition training on a tablet for two months and compared them to an active and passive control group. Behavioural effects reflected in shorter stop signal response times were observed only in the inhibition-training group. This was accompanied by structural growth in cortical thickness of right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) triangularis, a brain region that has been associated with response inhibition. The structural plasticity effect was positively associated with time spent on the training-task and predicted the final percentage of successful inhibition trials in the stop task. The data provide evidence for successful trainability of inhibition when game-based training is employed. The results extend our knowledge on game-based cognitive training effects in older age and may foster treatment research in psychiatric diseases related to impulse control.

Experimental Study on Supercooling Phenomenon and Supercooling Degree of Nanofluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Chengzhen Wu ◽  
◽  
Fu Fang ◽  
Pengfei Shi ◽  
Yilin Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Storage Performance ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Supercooling Degree ◽  
Ultrasonic Time

In recent years, nanofluid has gradually entered people's field of vision due to its unique cold storage performance. Hybrid nanofluid has a more prominent effect. In order to reduce the supercooling degree of the nanofluid and obtain a practical and effective method to reduce the supercooling degree, the nano-particle graphene oxide and Al2O3 are added into deionized water ultrasonically to configure the nanofluid, and then the temperature is cooled. The effect of nanofluid concentration and different initial fluid temperature on the nanofluid subcooling degree is obtained when the ultrasonic time is 120min; when the nanofluid concentration is 0.15%wt, the nanofluid subcooling degree is the lowest, and the nanofluid is supercooled at this time The temperature is 2.8°C, which is the optimal condition for undercooling research.

Multidocument Summarization of Engineering Papers Based on Macro- and Microstructure

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaming Zhan ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Han Tong Loh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Equivalence Classes ◽  
Automatic Summarization ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
Rhetorical Structure ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Multidocument Summarization ◽  
Multiple Documents

This paper focuses on automatic summarization of multiple engineering papers. A summarization approach based on documents’ macro- and microstructure has been proposed. The macrostructure consists of a list of ranked topics from engineering papers. Topics are discovered by extracting and grouping frequently appearing word sequences into equivalence classes. Hence, the macrostructure symbolically presents the topical links in different papers. Meanwhile, the microstructure is defined as the rhetorical structure within a single paper. The identification of microstructure is approached as a classification problem. Each sentence in a paper is automatically labeled with one of the predefined rhetorical categories. Unlike existing summarization methods that first separate documents into nonoverlapping clusters and then summarize each cluster individually, our approach aims to summarize multiple documents according to the characteristics suggested at macro- and microstructure levels. The experimental study showed that our proposed approach outperformed peer systems in terms of recall-oriented understudy for gisting evaluation scores and readers’ responsiveness. In an independent manual categorization task using the summaries generated by our approach and peer systems, we also performed better in terms of precision and recall.

scholarly journals 0993 SLEEP INTERVENTION IMPROVES SELF-CONTROL IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN

SLEEP ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A369-A369
Author(s):  
AM Spaeth ◽  
NL Hawley ◽  
MA Carskadon ◽  
HA Raynor ◽  
E Jelalian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
School Aged Children
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