Decision-Making Tools for Aeronautical Teams: FOR-DEC and Beyond

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Soll ◽  
Solveig Proske ◽  
Gesine Hofinger ◽  
Gunnar Steinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Decision Models ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Explicit Integration ◽  
Structured Decision Making ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
German Aerospace ◽  
And Training

Abstract. Many case studies show that unstructured decision-making processes in teams are contributing factors to accidents. In situations without any preconfigured solutions, airlines have developed decision models. In our article, we give an overview and comparative analysis of different models. We discuss FOR-DEC, developed by Lufthansa and the German Aerospace Center. Findings from an explorative study on pilots’ experiences with FOR-DEC and from a workshop with pilots and experts from non-aviation high-risk domains are reported. The model is useful for structured decision-making in complex situations when there is enough time. Moreover, some extensions to FOR-DEC could be beneficial, for example, the integration of expert knowledge into the decision process and the explicit integration of the team in the decision-making process. Results give advice for the useful implementation, application, and training of decision-making tools using the example of FOR-DEC.

scholarly journals Decision Biases and Heuristics Among Emergency Managers: Just Like the Public They Manage For?

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Roberts ◽  
Kris Wernstedt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Structured Decision Making ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Decision Biases ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Outcome Bias ◽  
Attribution Bias

We present evidence that emergency managers exhibit some of the same decision biases, sensitivity to framing, and heuristics found in studies of the general public, even when making decisions in their area of expertise. Our national survey of county-level emergency managers finds that managers appear more risk averse when the outcomes of actions are framed as gains than when equivalent outcomes are framed as losses, a finding that is consistent with prospect theory. We also find evidence that the perceived actions of emergency managers in neighboring jurisdictions affect the choices a manager makes. In addition, our managers show evidence of attribution bias, outcome bias, and difficulties processing numerical information, particularly probabilities compared to frequencies. Each of these departures from perfect rationality points to potential shortfalls in public managers’ decision making. We suggest opportunities to improve decision making through reframing problems, providing training in structured decision-making processes, and employing different choice architectures to nudge behavior in a beneficial direction.

How to Thrive in the Changing Landscape of Teacher Education

2018 ◽  
pp. 1389-1404
Author(s):  
Holly Henderson Pinter ◽  
Kim K. Winter ◽  
Myra K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Comprehensive University ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Performance Based Assessment ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Preservice Teacher Candidate ◽  
And Training

This chapter explores a number of issues for consideration when adopting and implementing edTPA as a summative performance-based assessment of preservice teacher candidate tasks. This chapter aims to offer guidance and support for programs in the beginning stages of implementation of edTPA. Each of the considerations includes a vignette from personal experiences at a regional comprehensive university in the southeast. Issues discussed include timeline for implementation, buy-in, decision-making processes, professional development and training, mapping, and next steps. The vignettes detail particular issues or concerns and include faculty, staff, and/or teacher candidates. Data used to develop the vignettes was collected via interviews, surveys, and reflections.

Expert knowledge and decision-making in controversy contexts

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Limoges
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Collective Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current View ◽  
Public Controversy ◽  
Decision Making Processes

There was a time when the mobilization of experts was a taken-for-granted, unproblematic aspect of decision-making processes. That confidence has vanished. Ascertaining the significance of expertise now requires a reconsideration of the dynamics of controversies. The current view still assimilates controversy to the medieval exercise of the disputatio in which two parties argue one against the other. A non-reductionist view is needed to take fully into account the diversity of worlds of relevance involved in the dynamics of any public controversy. Only then is it possible to understand how decision making is predicated upon associations of worlds of relevance, and how expertise is actually a collective learning process which sets the boundary conditions for the efficacy of individual experts.

scholarly journals Optimization of Decision-Making in Port Logistics Terminals: Using Analytic Hierarchy Process for the Case of Port of Thessaloniki

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gogas ◽  
Konstantinos Papoutsis ◽  
Eftihia Nathanail
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Models ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Private Management ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Abstract The management models pursued in logistics terminals determine their performance to a great extent. Terminals managed by public actors usually incorporate more social criteria into their decision-making processes. In addition, private management focuses on economic viability of the initiative. Decision-making is a complex process regardless the structure of management or the decision models useddue to the fact that a wide range of diverse criteria are embedded into this process. The objective of this paper it to determine a prioritization of a set of alternative options for investment projects which were suggested by port executives taking into account criteria and evaluation that have already validated by them. In order to perform the analysis a multi-criteria decision-making model was used: the Analytic Hierachy Process. The outcomes support a low-biased and efficient strategic planning through a balanced decision-making framework.

scholarly journals Serious gaming for adaptive decision making of military personnel

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1168-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelim Mun ◽  
Esther Oprins ◽  
Karel van den Bosch ◽  
Anja van der Hulst ◽  
Jan Maarten Schraagen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
The Military ◽  
Adaptive Decision Making ◽  
And Training

The importance of improving adaptive decision making for the military is ever increasing, particularly in operational environments that are unfamiliar, complex, and constantly changing. This paper presents the development and testing of a serious game for training military officers in adaptive decision making. Participants were to detect rule changes in the game world, and to adjust their decisions in accordance with these changes. In an explorative study, the effectiveness of the game was tested by using in-game and outgame measures. The findings on the in-game measure suggest that the game helps participants to detect rule changes and to adapt their decision making. Despite this effect, participants’ cognitive flexibility did not increase based on the findings on the out-game measures. Discussions, future directions, and training implications for the Defense organization are described.

How to Thrive in the Changing Landscape of Teacher Education

2016 ◽  
pp. 18-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Henderson Pinter ◽  
Kim K. Winter ◽  
Myra K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Comprehensive University ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Performance Based Assessment ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Preservice Teacher Candidate ◽  
And Training

This chapter explores a number of issues for consideration when adopting and implementing edTPA as a summative performance-based assessment of preservice teacher candidate tasks. This chapter aims to offer guidance and support for programs in the beginning stages of implementation of edTPA. Each of the considerations includes a vignette from personal experiences at a regional comprehensive university in the southeast. Issues discussed include timeline for implementation, buy-in, decision-making processes, professional development and training, mapping, and next steps. The vignettes detail particular issues or concerns and include faculty, staff, and/or teacher candidates. Data used to develop the vignettes was collected via interviews, surveys, and reflections.

Professional Judgment and Decision Making: The Role of Intention for Impact

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Martindale ◽  
Dave Collins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Clinical And Counseling Psychology ◽  
And Training

The field of applied sport psychology has recognized the growing consensus that professional autonomy and discretion brings with it the need to train, regulate, and evaluate practice (Evetts, 2001). However, research into how practitioners’ professional judgment is formed and the decision-making processes involved has not received concurrent attention. This paper illustrates some of the possible outcomes and implications for applied sport psychologists from consideration of Professional Judgment and Decision Making (PJDM) research in other fields such as medicine and teaching and in parallel disciplines such as clinical and counseling psychology. Investigation into the nature of decision content and how the crucial “intention for impact” (Hill, 1992) is formulated carries implications for the assessment, reflective practice, and professional development and training of applied sport psychologists. Future directions in PJDM research are suggested and a call is made for practitioners to be open to involvement in research of this nature.

scholarly journals Public participation, experts and expert knowledge in water management in the Netherlands

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacko A. van Ast ◽  
Lasse Gerrits
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Financial Issues ◽  
Specific Expertise

In our complex society, specific expertise is inevitable for decision-making in technical projects such as water management projects. For that reason, experts are also called the sixth power. Some of them work in administrative organizations and others are hired by stakeholders that participate in decision-making. For a large part they are employed in the private sector as consultants or are employees of interest groups. As such, they represent the most technocratic dimension of such projects. It often appears that their opinions about technical and financial issues play a dominant role in the outcome of water-related projects. The objective of this paper is to explore the influence of experts, in relation to the stakeholders (including governments and lay people), in participatory decision-making processes regarding water management. An important question here is whether experts and their knowledge advance or determine decision-making. We present two concrete experiments: one where experts were given a leading role, and one where experts were given a position in the backseat. The experiments demonstrate that stronger expert participation negates public participation and the other way around.

scholarly journals Elicitation and Representation of Expert Knowledge for Computer Aided Diagnosis in Mammography

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (03) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Taylor ◽  
R. Lee ◽  
E. Alberdi
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Diagnosis

Summary Objectives: To study how professional radiologists describe, interpret and make decisions about micro-calcifications in mammograms. The purpose was to develop a model of the radiologists’ decision making for use in CADMIUM II, a computerized aid for mammogram interpretation that combines symbolic reasoning with image processing. Methods: In Study 1, eleven radiologists were asked to ‘think out loud’ as they interpreted 20 sets of calcifications. Participants used 159 terms to describe calcifications. We used these data to design a scheme with 50 descriptors. In Study 2, ten radiologists used the scheme to describe 40 sets of calcifications. We assessed the capacity of the terms to discriminate between benign and malignant calcifications, testing them against radiologists’ assessments of malignancy and follow-up data. Results: The descriptors that were found to be the most discriminating in Study 2 were included in CADIMUM II’s knowledge base. They were represented as arguments for either a benign or a malignant diagnosis. These arguments are the central component of the decision support provided by the system. Other components are: image processing algorithms for the detection and measurement of calcifications and a set of rules that use the measures to decide which of the arguments apply to a given set of calcifications. Conclusions: Preliminary evaluations of the CADMIUM II prototype reinforce the value of representing explicitly decision making processes in computer aided mammography and of deriving these processes from image processing measurements. Decision support is presented here at a level of description that is both relevant and meaningful to the user.

How to Thrive in the Changing Landscape of Teacher Education

2018 ◽  
pp. 1528-1543
Author(s):  
Holly Henderson Pinter ◽  
Kim K. Winter ◽  
Myra K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Comprehensive University ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Performance Based Assessment ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Preservice Teacher Candidate ◽  
And Training

This chapter explores a number of issues for consideration when adopting and implementing edTPA as a summative performance-based assessment of preservice teacher candidate tasks. This chapter aims to offer guidance and support for programs in the beginning stages of implementation of edTPA. Each of the considerations includes a vignette from personal experiences at a regional comprehensive university in the southeast. Issues discussed include timeline for implementation, buy-in, decision-making processes, professional development and training, mapping, and next steps. The vignettes detail particular issues or concerns and include faculty, staff, and/or teacher candidates. Data used to develop the vignettes was collected via interviews, surveys, and reflections.

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