scholarly journals Size distribution of submarine landslides and its implication to tsunami hazard in Puerto Rico

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri S. ten Brink ◽  
Eric L. Geist ◽  
Brian D. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Submarine Landslides

Submarine Landslides and Their Tsunami Hazard

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Tappin
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Submarine Landslide ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Landslide Mechanisms ◽  
Landslide Tsunamis

Most tsunamis are generated by earthquakes, but in 1998, a seabed slump offshore of northern Papua New Guinea (PNG) generated a tsunami up to 15 m high that killed more than 2,200 people. The event changed our understanding of tsunami mechanisms and was forerunner to two decades of major tsunamis that included those in Turkey, the Indian Ocean, Japan, and Sulawesi and Anak Krakatau in Indonesia. PNG provided a context to better understand these tsunamis as well as older submarine landslide events, such as Storegga (8150 BP); Alika 2 in Hawaii (120,000 BP), and Grand Banks, Canada (1929), together with those from dual earthquake/landslide mechanisms, such as Messina (1908), Puerto Rico (1928), and Japan (2011). PNG proved that submarine landslides generate devastating tsunamis from failure mechanisms that can be very different, whether singly or in combination with earthquakes. It demonstrated the critical importance of seabed mapping to identify these mechanisms as well as stimulated the development of new numerical tsunami modeling methodologies. In combination with other recent tsunamis, PNG demonstrated the critical importance of these events in advancing our understanding of tsunami hazard and risk. This review recounts how, since 1998, understanding of the tsunami hazard from submarine landslides has progressed far beyond anything considered possible at that time. ▪ For submarine landslide tsunamis, advances in understanding take place incrementally, usually in response to major, sometimes catastrophic, events. ▪ The Papua New Guinea tsunami in 1998, when more than 2,200 people perished, was a turning point in first recognizing the significant tsunami hazard from submarine landslides. ▪ Over the past 2 to 3 years advances have also been made mainly because of improvements in numerical modeling based on older tsunamis such as Grand Banks in 1929, Messina in 1908, and Storegga at 8150 BP. ▪ Two recent tsunamis in late 2018, in Sulawesi and Anak Krakatau, Indonesia, where several hundred people died, were from very unusual landslide mechanisms—dual (strike-slip and landslide) and volcanic collapse—and provide new motivations for understanding these tsunami mechanisms. ▪ This is a timely, state of the art review of landslide tsunamis based on recent well-studied events and new research on older ones, which provide an important context for the recent tsunamis in Indonesia in 2018. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Volume 49 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Tsunami hazard from submarine landslides on the Oregon continental slope

2004 ◽  
Vol 203 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. McAdoo ◽  
P. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Continental Slope ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Submarine Landslides

Designing Coastal Structures for Tsunami Loads per ASCE 7-16

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian N. Robertson ◽  
Jacob McKamey
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Us

Abstract The 2016 edition of ASCE 7, Minimum Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, contains a brand new Chapter 6 on Tsunami Loads and Effects. This new chapter applies to the tsunami design of all Risk Category III (high occupancy) and IV (essential) buildings, and potentially many taller Risk Category II (regular) buildings, in coastal communities in Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California and Hawaii. These provisions can also be applied to other communities exposed to tsunami hazard, including Guam, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and communities outside the US. This paper shows an example of how the new tsunami design provisions would apply to the design of prototypical multi-story coastal reinforced concrete buildings at different locations on the US Pacific Coast. The prototypical Risk Category II buildings are located in Seaside OR, Monterey CA, Waikiki HI and Hilo HI. Economic consequences of including tsunami design for mid- to high-rise Risk Category II buildings are discussed.

scholarly journals Tsunami Hazard Evaluation for the Head of the Gulf of Elat–Aqaba, Northeastern Red Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Salamon ◽  
Eran Frucht ◽  
Steven N. Ward ◽  
Erez Gal ◽  
Marina Grigorovitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Submarine Landslide ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Landslide Tsunami

Unique geological and seismotectonic settings may trigger a multicascading hazard and should be identified beforehand. Such is the head of the Gulf of Elat–Aqaba (HGEA) at the northeastern end of the Red Sea where its geology, tectonics, bathymetry, and earthquake and tsunami history exhibit clear potential for earthquake and submarine-landslide tsunami generation. We thus investigated the possible tsunamigenic sources in the gulf and evaluated the resulting hazard at the HGEA. First, we assembled a bathymetric grid and adopted GeoClaw software to simulate most of the earthquake-tsunami scenarios. Next, we resolved the scheme of the largest possible tsunamigenic earthquakes along the deep basins of the Gulf of Elat (GEA) and the associated Dead Sea rift valley, as well as the potential tsunamigenic submarine landslides in the HGEA. The use of GeoClaw was verified against the 1995 tsunami generated by the Nuweiba Mw 7.2 earthquake, and then operated to simulate a suite of earthquake scenarios. Results showed that the marginal faults of Elat Basin pose the highest tsunami hazard to the Israeli part of the HGEA. To better assess that hazard, we screened the geology and seismotectonics of the HGEA and found that the Elat normal fault presents the worst-case scenario for Elat city. It is capable of generating a multicascading threat of earthquake and submarine-landslide tsunami, local subsidence that can increase inundation, and above all, destructive ground motion. Scenarios of a tsunami caused by the worst-case earthquake on the Elat fault simulated by GeoClaw and Ward’s (Tsunami, The encyclopedia of solid earth geophysics. 2011, 1473–1493) approach, and submarine landslide in the HGEA simulated by Wang et al.’s (Geophys. J. Int., 2015, 201, 1534–1544) ‘Tsunami Squares’ approach, demonstrated waves as high as 4 m along these coasts. Accordingly, we constructed a map of the evacuation zone. We also show that strong ground-shaking and retreat of the sea at the HGEA should be considered a tsunami warning, although false alarms are inevitable. Furthermore, tsunami hazard exists all along the gulf and further assessments are needed to quantify this hazard and increase awareness among the area's population.

Seismic and tsunami hazard in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Dillon ◽  
Arthur D. Frankel ◽  
Charles S. Mueller ◽  
Rafael W. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Tsunami Hazard

Chapter 3 Tsunami hazard with reference to the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Peter Giles
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
The People ◽  
Japanese Word ◽  
Northern North Sea ◽  
The Uk

AbstractTsunami present a significant geohazard to coastal and water-body marginal communities worldwide. Tsunami, a Japanese word, describes a series of waves that, once generated, travel across open water with exceptionally long wavelengths and with very high velocities before shortening and slowing on arrival at a coastal zone. Upon reaching land, these waves can have a devastating effect on the people and infrastructure in those environments. With over 12 000 km of coastline, the British Isles is vulnerable to the tsunami hazard. A significant number of potential tsunami source areas are present around the entire landmass, from plate tectonic boundaries off the Iberian Peninsula to the major submarine landslides in the northern North Sea to more localized coastal cliff instability which again has the potential to generate a tsunami. Tsunami can be generated through a variety of mechanisms including the sudden displacement of the sea floor in a seismic event as well as submarine and onshore landslides displacing a mass of water. This review presents those impacts together with a summary of tsunami triggers and UK case histories from the known historic catalogue. Currently, apart from some very sensitive installations, there is very little in the UK in the way of tsunami management and mitigation strategies. A situation that should be urgently addressed both on a local and national level.

scholarly journals Owen Ridge deep-water submarine landslides: implications for tsunami hazard along the Oman coast

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rodriguez ◽  
N. Chamot-Rooke ◽  
H. Hébert ◽  
M. Fournier ◽  
P. Huchon
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Tsunami Generation ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Wave Elevation ◽  
Sediment Failure

Abstract. The recent discovery of voluminous submarine landslides along the Owen Ridge may represent a source of tsunami hazard for the nearby Oman coast. We assess the severity of this potential hazard by performing numerical simulations of tsunami generation and propagation from the biggest landslide (40 km3 in volume) observed along the Owen Ridge. A finite-difference model, assimilating the landslide to a visco-plastic flow, simulates tsunami generation. Computation results show that Salalah city (190 000 inhabitants) is impacted by 2.5 m-high tsunami waves one hour after sediment failure. Higher wave elevation values (4 m) are reached in the low populated Sawqara Bay over 80 min after slide initiation. Although large submarine failures along remote oceanic ridges are infrequent, this study reveals an underestimated source of tsunami hazard in the Arabian Sea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document