Relation between rainfall duration and diurnal variation in the warm season precipitation over central eastern China

Based on the hourly precipitation observed from ∼1800 automatic rain gauges during 2013–2017, characteristics of precipitation diurnal variation and underlying mechanisms over Jiangsu Province, eastern China, during the warm season (May to September) have been revealed in this study. Results show that the precipitation amount (PA), frequency (PF), and intensity (PI) are zonally distributed over Jiangsu. The precipitation shows distinct diurnal cycle and zonal distribution. The large precipitation is located over the southwest side of the Jiangsu section of Yangtze River (JSYR). From midnight to noon, the precipitation expands northeastward, but the precipitation shrinks southeastward from noon to midnight. Meanwhile, the PA is larger during the daytime than that during the nighttime over most Jiangsu. In addition, the PA shows two diurnal peaks, with one in the early morning mainly resulting from the long-duration rainfall and the other in the afternoon resulting from the short-duration rainfall. The total rainfall is largely contributed by the long-duration rainfall. During the whole warm season, water vapor convergence (divergence) and ascending (sinking) movements are consistent, corresponding to the long-duration precipitation diurnal cycles. The contribution of rainfall with long (short) duration to the total rainfall over most areas shows very distinct sub-seasonal variations with a clear decreasing (increasing) trend from pre-Meiyu through Meiyu to post-Meiyu. Among the three subperiods in a warm season, the PA and diurnal cycle of the total rainfall are mostly contributed by those during the Meiyu period. The long-duration precipitation is closely related to the enhancement of the water vapor convergence during the pre-Meiyu period. However, during the Meiyu and post-Meiyu periods, the long-duration precipitation is more consistent with the dynamic lift since the water vapor is abundant. Concluded from the cluster analysis, precipitation spatial distributions are closely associated with the underlying surface, such as the Yangtze River, big cities, Lake Taihu, Lake Hongze, and complex coastal lines. The diurnal variation of the rainfall over different underlying surfaces shows respective diurnal cycle features.

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Diurnal variation of surface wind over central eastern China

Climate Dynamics ◽

10.1007/s00382-008-0478-3 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (7-8) ◽

pp. 1089-1097 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Rucong Yu ◽

Jian Li ◽

Haoming Chen

Keyword(s):

Diurnal Variation ◽

Eastern China ◽

Surface Wind ◽

Central Eastern

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Comparison of Macro- and Microphysical Properties in Precipitating and Non-Precipitating Clouds over Central-Eastern China during Warm Season

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs14010152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Xiaoyi Zheng ◽

Yuanjian Yang ◽

Ye Yuan ◽

Yanan Cao ◽

Jinlan Gao

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Warm Season ◽

Physical Structure ◽

Liquid Water Path ◽

Cloud Optical Depth ◽

Water Path ◽

Microphysical Properties ◽

Central Eastern ◽

Precipitating Clouds

The macro- and microphysical properties of clouds can reflect their vertical physical structure and evolution and are important indications of the formation and development of precipitation. We used four-year merged CloudSat-CALIPSO-MODIS products to distinguish the macro- and microphysical properties of precipitating and non-precipitating clouds over central-eastern China during the warm season (May–September). Our results showed that the clouds were dominated by single- and double-layer forms with occurrence frequencies > 85%. Clouds with a low probability of precipitation (POP) were usually geometrically thin. The POP showed an increasing trend with increases in the cloud optical depth, liquid water path, and ice water path, reaching maxima of 50%, 60%, and 75%, respectively. However, as cloud effective radius (CER) increased, the POP changed from an increasing to a decreasing trend for a CER > 22 μm, in contrast with our perception that large particles fall more easily against updrafts, but this shift can be attributed to the transition of the cloud phase from mixed clouds to ice clouds. A high POP > 60% usually occurred in mixed clouds with vigorous ice-phase processes. There were clear differences in the microphysical properties of non-precipitating and precipitating clouds. In contrast with the vertical evolution of non-precipitating clouds with weaker reflectivity, precipitating clouds were present above 0 dBZ with a significant downward increase in reflectivity, suggesting inherent differences in cloud dynamical and microphysical processes. Our findings highlight the differences in the POP of warm and mixed clouds, suggesting that the low frequency of precipitation from water clouds should be the focus of future studies.

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Subseasonal Characteristics of Diurnal Variation in Summer Monsoon Rainfall over Central Eastern China

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/2010jcli3805.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (24) ◽

pp. 6684-6695 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Weihua Yuan ◽

Rucong Yu ◽

Haoming Chen ◽

Jian Li ◽

Minghua Zhang

Keyword(s):

Diurnal Variation ◽

Summer Monsoon ◽

Monsoon Rainfall ◽

Eastern China ◽

Early Morning ◽

Summer Monsoon Rainfall ◽

Rain Belt ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Long Duration ◽

Central Eastern

Abstract Subseasonal characteristics of the diurnal variation of the summer monsoon rainfall over central eastern China (25°–40°N, 110°–120°E) are analyzed using hourly station rain gauge data. Results show that the rainfall in the monsoon rain belt is dominated by the long-duration rainfall events (≥7 h) with early-morning peaks. The long-duration rainfall events and early-morning diurnal peaks experience subseasonal movement that is similar to that of the monsoon rain belt. When the monsoon rainfall is separated into the active and break periods, the long-duration early-morning precipitation dominates the active period, which is in sharp contrast to the short-duration (≤6 h) rainfall with leading late-afternoon diurnal peaks during the break period. The combination of different diurnal features of monsoon rainfall in the active and break monsoon periods also explains the less coherent diurnal phases of summer mean rainfall over central eastern China. The cause of the early-morning peak of rainfall during the active monsoon period is discussed.

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Spatiotemporal characteristics of hourly precipitation over central eastern China during the warm season of 1982-2012

International Journal of Climatology ◽

10.1002/joc.4543 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 3148-3160 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Deshuai Li ◽

Jianhua Sun ◽

Shenming Fu ◽

Jie Wei ◽

Shigong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Warm Season ◽

Hourly Precipitation ◽

Spatiotemporal Characteristics ◽

Central Eastern

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Temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme hourly precipitation over eastern China in the warm season

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1007/s00376-011-0020-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 1177-1183 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Huan Zhang ◽

Panmao Zhai

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Warm Season ◽

Spatial Characteristics ◽

Hourly Precipitation ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Temporal And Spatial Characteristics

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Two types of typical circulation pattern for persistent extreme precipitation in Central-Eastern China

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society ◽

10.1002/qj.2231 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 140 (682) ◽

pp. 1467-1478 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Yang Chen ◽

Panmao Zhai

Keyword(s):

Extreme Precipitation ◽

Eastern China ◽

Circulation Pattern ◽

Central Eastern

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Characterization of aerosol acidity at a high mountain site in central eastern China

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.061 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 11-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Yang Zhou ◽

Likun Xue ◽

Tao Wang ◽

Xiaomei Gao ◽

Zhe Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

High Mountain ◽

Aerosol Acidity ◽

Mountain Site ◽

Central Eastern

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Diverse synoptic weather patterns of warm-season heavy rainfall events in South Korea

Monthly Weather Review ◽

10.1175/mwr-d-20-0388.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chanil Park ◽

Seok-Woo Son ◽

Joowan Kim ◽

Eun-Chul Chang ◽

Jung-Hoon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Pacific ◽

Moisture Transport ◽

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Eastern China ◽

Warm Season ◽

Sea Level Pressure ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Weather Patterns ◽

Synoptic Weather ◽

Heavy Rainfall Events

AbstractThis study identifies diverse synoptic weather patterns of warm-season heavy rainfall events (HREs) in South Korea. The HREs not directly connected to tropical cyclones (TCs) (81.1%) are typically associated with a midlatitude cyclone from eastern China, the expanded North Pacific high and strong southwesterly moisture transport in between. They are frequent both in the first (early summer) and second rainy periods (late summer) with impacts on the south coast and west of the mountainous region. In contrast, the HREs resulting from TCs (18.9%) are caused by the synergetic interaction between the TC and meandering midlatitude flow, especially in the second rainy period. The strong south-southeasterly moisture transport makes the southern and eastern coastal regions prone to the TC-driven HREs. By applying a self-organizing map algorithm to the non-TC HREs, their surface weather patterns are further classified into six clusters. Clusters 1 and 3 exhibit frontal boundary between the low and high with differing relative strengths. Clusters 2 and 5 feature an extratropical cyclone migrating from eastern China under different background sea-level pressure patterns. Cluster 4 is characterized by the expanded North Pacific high with no organized negative sea-level pressure anomaly, and cluster 6 displays a development of a moisture pathway between the continental and oceanic highs. Each cluster exhibits a distinct spatio-temporal occurrence distribution. The result provides useful guidance for predicting the HREs by depicting important factors to be differently considered depending on their synoptic categorization.

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