Toward a Better Understanding of Climate of the Past Million Years: Quaternary Climate: From Pole to Pole-EPICA Open Science Conference; Venice, Italy, 10-13 November 2008

On 26 August 2014 as part of the SCAR open science conference held in New Zealand, a panel session and discussion forum was conducted for humanities researchers, science communicators, social scientists, archivists, curators and artists with interests in interdisciplinary research. Most of the 30 attendees were members of the SCAR history expert group and the SCAR social sciences action group.

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Tagungsbericht – Open Science Conference, 13. – 14.3.2018, Berlin

BIBLIOTHEK Forschung und Praxis ◽

10.1515/bfp-2018-0064 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 489-492

Author(s):

Anja Müller ◽

Christian Winterhalter

Keyword(s):

Open Science ◽

Science Conference

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Alchemy & algorithms: perspectives on the philosophy and history of open science

Research Ideas and Outcomes ◽

10.3897/rio.5.e35913 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Leo Lahti ◽

Filipe da Silva ◽

Markus Laine ◽

Viivi Lähteenoja ◽

Mikko Tolonen

Keyword(s):

Academic Research ◽

Open Science ◽

Ethical Challenges ◽

Community Resource ◽

Philosophical Foundations ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

Video And Audio ◽

The University ◽

Science Movement

This paper gives the reader a chance to experience, or revisit, PHOS16: a conference on the History and Philosophy of Open Science. In the winter of 2016, we invited a varied international group to engage with these topics at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Our aim was to critically assess the defining features, underlying narratives, and overall objectives of the open science movement. The event brought together contemporary open science scholars, publishers, and advocates to discuss the philosophical foundations and historical roots of openness in academic research. The eight sessions combined historical views with more contemporary perspectives on topics such as transparency, reproducibility, collaboration, publishing, peer review, research ethics, as well as societal impact and engagement. We gathered together expert panellists and 15 invited speakers who have published extensively on these topics, allowing us to engage in a thorough and multifaceted discussion. Together with our involved audience we charted the role and foundations of openness of research in our time, considered the accumulation and dissemination of scientific knowledge, and debated the various technical, legal, and ethical challenges of the past and present. In this article, we provide an overview of the topics covered at the conference as well as individual video interviews with each speaker. In addition to this, all the talks, Q&A sessions, and interviews were recorded and they are offered here as an openly licensed community resource in both video and audio form.

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Climatic and tectonic controls on strath terraces along the upper Weihe River in central China

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/j.yqres.2016.08.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 326-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Hongshan Gao ◽

Zongmeng Li ◽

Yapeng Ji ◽

Baotian Pan ◽

Xiaofeng Liu

Keyword(s):

Yellow River ◽

Central China ◽

Fluvial Deposits ◽

The Past ◽

River Incision ◽

System A ◽

Fluvial Incision ◽

Quaternary Climate ◽

Field Investigations ◽

Weihe River

AbstractThe Weihe River in central China is the largest tributary of the Yellow River and contains a well-developed strath terrace system. A new chronology for the past 1.11 Ma for a spectacular flight of strath terraces along the upper Weihe River near Longxi is defined based on field investigations of loess—paleosol sequences and magnetostratigraphy. All the strath terraces are strikingly similar, having several meters of paleosols that have developed directly on top of fluvial deposits located on the terrace treads. This suggests that the abandonment of each strath terrace by river incision occurred during the transition from glacial to interglacial climates. The average fluvial incision rates during 1.11—0.71 Ma and since 0.13 Ma are 0.35 and 0.32 m/ka, respectively. These incision rates are considerably higher than the average incision rate of 0.16 m/km for the intervening period between 0.71 and 0.13 Ma. Over all our results suggest that cyclic Quaternary climate change has been the main driving factor for strath terrace formation with enhanced episodic uplift.

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Open Science Promotes Diverse, Just, and Sustainable Research and Educational Outcomes

Psychology Learning & Teaching ◽

10.1177/1475725719869164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 5-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jon E Grahe ◽

Kelly Cuccolo ◽

Dana C Leighton ◽

Leslie D Cramblet Alvarez

Keyword(s):

Educational Outcomes ◽

Open Science ◽

Organizational Systems ◽

Research Projects ◽

Equitable Distribution ◽

The Past ◽

Psychological Science ◽

Collaborative Efforts

Open science initiatives, which are often collaborative efforts focused on making research more transparent, have experienced increasing popularity in the past decade. Open science principles of openness and transparency provide opportunities to advance diversity, justice, and sustainability by promoting diverse, just, and sustainable outcomes among both undergraduate and senior researchers. We review models that demonstrate the importance of greater diversity, justice, and sustainability in psychological science before describing how open science initiatives promote these values. Open science initiatives also promote diversity, justice, and sustainability through increased levels of inclusion and access, equitable distribution of opportunities and dissemination of knowledge, and increased sustainability stemming from increased generalizability. In order to provide an application of the concepts discussed, we offer a set of diversity, justice, and sustainability lens questions for individuals to use while assessing research projects and other organizational systems and consider concrete classroom applications for these initiatives.

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FAIR Digital Objects for Science: From Data Pieces to Actionable Knowledge Units

Publications ◽

10.3390/publications8020021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Koenraad De Smedt ◽

Dimitris Koureas ◽

Peter Wittenburg

Keyword(s):

Data Science ◽

Open Science ◽

Research Data ◽

Use Cases ◽

Digital Object ◽

Data Interoperability ◽

Actionable Knowledge ◽

The Past ◽

Research Communities ◽

Digital Objects

Data science is facing the following major challenges: (1) developing scalable cross-disciplinary capabilities, (2) dealing with the increasing data volumes and their inherent complexity, (3) building tools that help to build trust, (4) creating mechanisms to efficiently operate in the domain of scientific assertions, (5) turning data into actionable knowledge units and (6) promoting data interoperability. As a way to overcome these challenges, we further develop the proposals by early Internet pioneers for Digital Objects as encapsulations of data and metadata made accessible by persistent identifiers. In the past decade, this concept was revisited by various groups within the Research Data Alliance and put in the context of the FAIR Guiding Principles for findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable data. The basic components of a FAIR Digital Object (FDO) as a self-contained, typed, machine-actionable data package are explained. A survey of use cases has indicated the growing interest of research communities in FDO solutions. We conclude that the FDO concept has the potential to act as the interoperable federative core of a hyperinfrastructure initiative such as the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC).

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Late Quaternary climate variability at Mfabeni peatland, eastern South Africa

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-15-1153-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 1153-1170 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Charlotte Miller ◽

Jemma Finch ◽

Trevor Hill ◽

Francien Peterse ◽

Marc Humphries ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

High Pressure ◽

Indian Ocean ◽

Late Quaternary ◽

High Pressure Cell ◽

Sea Ice Extent ◽

Pressure Cell ◽

The Past ◽

Antarctic Sea Ice ◽

Quaternary Climate

Abstract. The scarcity of continuous, terrestrial, palaeoenvironmental records in eastern South Africa leaves the evolution of late Quaternary climate and its driving mechanisms uncertain. Here we use a ∼7 m long core from Mfabeni peatland (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) to reconstruct climate variability for the last 32 000 years (cal ka BP). We infer past vegetation and hydrological variability using stable carbon (δ13Cwax) and hydrogen isotopes (δDwax) of plant-wax n-alkanes and use Paq to reconstruct water table changes. Our results indicate that late Quaternary climate in eastern South Africa did not respond directly to orbital forcing or to changes in sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) in the western Indian Ocean. We attribute the arid conditions evidenced at Mfabeni during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to low SSTs and an equatorward displacement of (i) the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, (ii) the subtropical high-pressure cell, and (iii) the South Indian Ocean Convergence Zone (SIOCZ), which we infer was linked to increased Antarctic sea-ice extent. The northerly location of the high-pressure cell and the SIOCZ inhibited moisture advection inland and pushed the rain-bearing cloud band north of Mfabeni, respectively. The increased humidity at Mfabeni between 19 and 14 cal kyr BP likely resulted from a southward retreat of the westerlies, the high-pressure cell, and the SIOCZ, consistent with a decrease in Antarctic sea-ice extent. Between 14 and 5 cal kyr BP, when the westerlies, the high-pressure cell, and the SIOCZ were in their southernmost position, local insolation became the dominant control, leading to stronger atmospheric convection and an enhanced tropical easterly monsoon. Generally drier conditions persisted during the past ca. 5 cal ka BP, probably resulting from an equatorward return of the westerlies, the high-pressure cell, and the SIOCZ. Higher SSTs and heightened El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity may have played a role in enhancing climatic variability during the past ca. 5 cal ka BP. Our findings highlight the influence of the latitudinal position of the westerlies, the high-pressure cell, and the SIOCZ in driving climatological and environmental changes in eastern South Africa.

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