scholarly journals Field‐Validated Detection of Aureoumbra lagunensis Brown Tide Blooms in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, Using Sentinel‐3A OLCI and Ground‐Based Hyperspectral Spectroradiometers

GeoHealth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor J. Judice ◽  
Edith A. Widder ◽  
Warren H. Falls ◽  
Dulcinea M. Avouris ◽  
Dominic J. Cristiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Brown Tide ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Aureoumbra Lagunensis

scholarly journals Bivalve Feeding on the Brown Tide Aureoumbra lagunensis in a Shallow Coastal Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Galimany ◽  
Jessica Lunt ◽  
Christopher J. Freeman ◽  
I. Segura-García ◽  
M. Mossop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Brown Tide ◽  
Bivalve Species ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Brown Tides ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Aureoumbra Lagunensis ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

Brown tides formed by Aureoumbra lagunensis decrease light penetration in the water column and are often followed by hypoxic events that result in the loss of fish and shellfish. To understand the ability of bivalve filter feeders to control and prevent A. lagunensis blooms, we exposed eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), hooked mussels (Ischadium recurvum), and hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) to a naturally co-occurring brown tide in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, United States. Bivalves were exposed in the laboratory to multiple concentrations (104 to 106 cells mL–1) of isotopically labeled (13C and 15N) A. lagunensis cells. The standard clearance rate (herein clearance rate) of each bivalve species was calculated using flow cytometry to quantify A. lagunensis cell removal. The highest clearance rates were at 104 cells mL–1, but values varied across bivalve species (2.16 ± 0.30, 3.03 ± 0.58, and 0.41 ± 0.12 L h–1 for C. virginica, I. recurvum, and M. mercenaria, respectively). Although clearance rates decreased with increasing bloom concentrations, bivalves were still consuming algal cells at all concentrations and were retaining and assimilating more cells at the highest concentrations, as revealed by δ13C and δ15N values. We highlight interspecific differences among bivalve species in the removal of A. lagunensis, supporting the importance of healthy and diverse filter feeding communities in estuaries, especially as threats of brown tides and other HABs are increasing in the Anthropocene.

scholarly journals Field-validated detection of Aureoumbra lagunensis brown tide blooms in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida using Sentinel-3A/B OLCI and ground-based hyperspectral spectroradiometers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Judice ◽  
Edith Widder ◽  
Warren Falls ◽  
Dulcinea Avouris ◽  
Dominic Cristiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Brown Tide ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Aureoumbra Lagunensis

scholarly journals Field-validated detection of Aureoumbra lagunensis brown tide blooms in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida using Sentinel-3A OLCI and ground-based hyperspectral spectroradiometers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Judice ◽  
Edith Widder ◽  
Warren Falls ◽  
Dulcinea Avouris ◽  
Dominic Cristiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Brown Tide ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Aureoumbra Lagunensis

scholarly journals High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Harmful Algae in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida)—A Case Study of Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary B. Lopez ◽  
Charles L. Tilney ◽  
Eric Muhlbach ◽  
Josée N. Bouchard ◽  
Maria Célia Villac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Pyrodinium Bahamense ◽  
Aureoumbra Lagunensis

The Indian River Lagoon (IRL), located on the east coast of Florida, is a complex estuarine ecosystem that is negatively affected by recurring harmful algal blooms (HABs) from distinct taxonomic/functional groups. Enhanced monitoring was established to facilitate rapid quantification of three recurrent bloom taxa, Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia spp., and included corroborating techniques to improve the identification of small-celled nanoplankton (<10 μm in diameter). Identification and enumeration of these target taxa were conducted during 2015–2020 using a combination of light microscopy and species-specific approaches, specifically immunofluorescence flow cytometry as well as a newly developed qPCR assay for A. lagunensis presented here for the first time. An annual bloom index (ABI) was established for each taxon based on occurrence and abundance data. Blooms of A. lagunensis (>2 × 108 cells L–1) were observed in all 6 years sampled and across multiple seasons. In contrast, abundance of P. bahamense, largely driven by the annual temperature cycle that moderates life cycle transitions and growth, displayed a strong seasonal pattern with blooms (105–107 cells L–1) generally developing in early summer and subsiding in autumn. However, P. bahamense bloom development was delayed and abundance was significantly lower in years and locations with sustained A. lagunensis blooms. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were broadly distributed with sporadic bloom concentrations (reaching 107 cells L–1), but with minimal concentrations of the toxin domoic acid detected (<0.02 μg L–1). In summer 2020, multiple monitoring tools characterized a novel nano-cyanobacterium bloom (reaching 109 cells L–1) that coincided with a decline in A. lagunensis and persisted into autumn. Statistical and time-series analyses of this spatiotemporally intensive dataset highlight prominent patterns in variability for some taxa, but also identify challenges of characterizing mechanisms underlying more episodic yet persistent events. Nevertheless, the intersect of temperature and salinity as environmental proxies proved to be informative in delineating niche partitioning, not only in the case of taxa with long-standing data sets but also for seemingly unprecedented blooms of novel nanoplanktonic taxa.

scholarly journals Soft-Sediment Communities of the Northern Indian River Lagoon, FL, United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Lunt ◽  
Christopher J. Freeman ◽  
Dean S. Janiak ◽  
Katrina Bayliss ◽  
Michelle Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Brown Tide ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Infaunal Community ◽  
Indian River ◽  
And Function

Understanding the structure and function of infaunal communities is useful in determining the biodiversity and ecosystem function of shallow estuaries. We conducted a survey of infaunal communities within three separate water basins [Mosquito Lagoon (ML), Indian River (IR), and Banana River (BR)] in the larger Northern Indian River Lagoon, FL, United States to establish a database of infaunal community structure and function. Twenty-seven sites were sampled quarterly from 2014 to 2016. Analysis of all samples determined that basin, season, and sediment composition were the primary drivers of macrobenthic community composition. Diversity was highest in the ML, and lower in spring compared to other seasons. The occurrence of a brown tide (Aureoumbra lagunensis) in 2016 allowed a comparison of winter and spring communities before (2015) and during (2016) a bloom event. Community composition and diversity at the BR sites were the most affected by the bloom event with the lowest diversity and abundances during the bloom. Diversity in the IR was also lower during the bloom, while the ML was unaffected by the bloom. Species of all feeding groups were affected by the bloom, with lower abundances found in all groups. In addition, to determine the overall trophic diversity of infaunal communities, we collected infaunal organisms from two of the quarterly sampled sites for isotope analyses. Values of δ13C and δ15N from infaunal tissue were compared to those of potential food sources at each site. Substantial interspecific variation in isotope values of infaunal organisms within a site suggests the presence of diverse nutritional modes that include suspension and deposit feeding and predation. Together, these data suggest that infaunal communities contribute to benthic pelagic coupling and nutrient cycling within the estuarine communities, but the overall function of these communities may be tightly linked to their species composition.

scholarly journals Mesozooplankton Community Dynamics and Grazing Potential Across Algal Bloom Cycles in a Subtropical Estuary

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Holly Sweat ◽  
Hunter Alexander ◽  
Edward J. Phlips ◽  
Kevin B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Brown Tide ◽  
Mesozooplankton Community ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Subtropical Estuary

Mesozooplankton, as abundant grazers of microalgae in coastal systems, have the potential to prevent or mitigate harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their effects. The Indian River Lagoon (IRL) is a subtropical estuary in eastern Florida (United States) where repeated blooms, dominated by the toxic dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense, the brown tide species Aureoumbra lagunensis, pico/nano planktonic cyanobacteria and other nano-eukaryotes, have highlighted the need to better understand fluctuations in the grazing potential of mesozooplankton populations across bloom cycles. Mesozooplankton and abiotic environmental data were collected at five sites in the northern IRL system at 6-week intervals from November 2013 through June 2016. A total of 107 taxa from 14 phyla were detected. Communities varied across sites, dates and between bloom and non-bloom periods, with densities up to 338 individuals L–1. Eight taxa comprising 85–94% of the total population at each site were identified as primary potential grazers, including barnacle nauplii, cladocerans, adult copepods, gastropod veligers, larvaceans, and polychaete metatrochophores. Although abundant, the estimated grazing potential of the primary taxa, calculated from their measured densities and previously published grazing rates, suggest that mesozooplankton lack the capacity to suppress phytoplankton once they reach bloom levels. These findings illustrate the utility of monitoring data and underscore the importance of systematically evaluating algal bloom controls with a consideration for the dynamic conditions of each unique ecosystem.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal shifts in the diet of the barnacle Amphibalanus eburneus within a subtropical estuary

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Freeman ◽  
Dean S. Janiak ◽  
Malcolm Mossop ◽  
Richard Osman ◽  
Valerie J. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Suspended Organic Matter ◽  
Sessile Invertebrates ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Aureoumbra Lagunensis

The success of many sessile invertebrates in marine benthic communities is linked to their ability to efficiently remove suspended organic matter from the surrounding water column. To investigate the diet of the barnacle Amphibalanus eburneus, a dominant suspension feeder within the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) of central Florida, we compared the stable isotopes ratios (δ13C and δ15N) of barnacle tissue to those of particulate organic matter (POM). Collections were carried out quarterly for a year from 29 permanent sites and at sites impacted by an Aureoumbra lagunensis bloom. δ13C and δ15N values of Amphibalanus eburneus varied across sites, but δ15N was more stable over time. There was a range of δ15N values of Amphibalanus eburneus tissue from 6.0‰ to 10.5‰ across sites. Because land-based sources such as sewage are generally enriched in 15N, this suggests a continuum of anthropogenic influence across sites in the IRL. Over 70% of the variation in δ15N values of Amphibalanus eburneus across sites was driven by the δ15N values of POM, supporting a generalist feeding strategy on available sources of suspended organic matter. The dominance of this generalist consumer in the IRL may be linked to its ability to consume spatially and temporally variable food resources derived from natural and anthropogenic sources, as well as Aureoumbra lagunensis cells. Generalist consumers such as Amphibalanus eburneus serve an important ecological role in this ecosystem and act as a sentinel species and recorder of local, site-specific isotopic baselines.

scholarly journals A Novel Immunofluorescence Flow Cytometry Technique Detects the Expansion of Brown Tides Caused by Aureoumbra lagunensis to the Caribbean Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
pp. 4947-4957 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Koch ◽  
Y. Kang ◽  
T. A. Villareal ◽  
D. M. Anderson ◽  
C. J. Gobler
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Brown Tide ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brown Tides ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Brown Tide Bloom ◽  
Aureoumbra Lagunensis

ABSTRACTDuring the past 3 decades, brown tides caused by the pelagophytesAureococcus anophagefferensandAureoumbra lagunensishave caused ecological and economic damage to coastal ecosystems across the globe. While blooms ofA. lagunensishad previously been confined to Texas, in 2012, an expansive brown tide occurred on Florida's East Coast, causing widespread disruption within the Indian River and Mosquito Lagoons and generating renewed interest in this organism. A major impediment to detailed investigations ofA. lagunensisin an ecosystem setting has been the absence of a rapid and reliable method for cell quantification. The combination of their small size (3 to 5 μm) and nondescript extracellular features makes identification and enumeration of these cells with conventional methods a challenge. Here we report the development of an immunological-based flow cytometry method that uses a fluorescently labeled antibody developed againstA. lagunensis. This method is species specific, sensitive (detection limit of 1.5 × 103cells ml−1), precise (1% relative standard deviation of replicated samples), and accurate (108% ± 8% recovery of spiked samples) over a wide range of cell concentrations. Furthermore, this method effectively quantifiesA. lagunensisin both glutaraldehyde- and formalin-preserved samples, yields a high throughput of samples (∼35 samples h−1), and is cost-effective, making it an ideal tool for managers and scientists. This method successfully documented the recurrence of a brown tide bloom in Florida in 2013. Bloom densities were highest in June (>2.0 × 106cells ml−1) and spanned >60 km from the Ponce de Leon inlet in the northern Mosquito Lagoon south to Titusville in the Indian River Lagoon. Low levels ofA. lagunensiscells were found >250 km south of this region. This method also quickly and accurately identifiedA. lagunensisas the causative agent of a 2013 brown tide bloom in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and thus should prove useful for both quantifying the dynamics of ongoing blooms ofA. lagunensisas well as documenting new outbreaks of this harmful alga.

SEDIMENT ARCHIVE OF SEAGRASS DYNAMICS IN NORTHERN INDIAN RIVER LAGOON, FL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Dombeck ◽  
◽  
Benjamin R. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Indian River
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